UC-NRLF 


BERKELEY 

LIBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  OF 
CALIFORNIA 

' . 

fcARTH 

SCIENCES 

LIBRARY 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 


BEQUEST  OF 

Theodore  S.  Palmer 


A 

CHECK-LIST 


OF 


MAMMALS 

OF   THE 

NORTH  AMERICAN  CONTINENT 
THE  WEST  INDIES 

AND   THE 

NEIGHBORING  SEAS 


SUPPLEMENT 

BY 

DANIEL  GIRAUD  ELLIOT,  D.  S.  C.,  F.  R.  S.  E.,  ETC. 


EDITED   BY   J.    A.   ALLEN 


PUBLISHED   BY   THE 

AMERICAN   MUSEUM   OF   NATURAL  HISTORY 

NEW  YORK 

1917 


GIFT 


EARTH 

SCIENCES 
LIBRARY 


EDITORIAL  NOTE. 

In  1904,  the  late  D.  G.  Elliot  published  '  A  Check-List  of  the  Mam- 
mals of  the  North  American  Continent^  the  West  Indies,  and  the 
Neighboring  Seas.' 1  Shortly  before  his  death  he  prepared  the  man- 
uscript for  a  supplement  to  this  work,  carrying  the  subject  to  about 
the  end  of  the  year  1914.  On  examination,  at  the  request  of  his 
daughter,  Miss  Margaret  H.  Elliot,  this  manuscript  was  found  to  be 
practically  ready  for  the  press,  and  was  submitted  by  her  to  the 
authorities  of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  for  publica- 
tion at  her  expense,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Museum,  provided  it 
proved  acceptable.  It  is  here  presented  as  written,  with  only  such 
revision  and  verification  of  references  as  the  circumstances  of  posthu- 
mous publication  naturally  require. 

The  original  edition  of  the  Check-List  gave  fully  the  bibliographi- 
cal references  required  in  a  modern  check-list,  together  with  the  type 
localities  and  geographic  distribution  of  the  forms  included,  and  also 
references  to  his  previous  works  2  where  full  descriptions  of  the  forms 
are  given.  The  species  and  subspecies  included  in  the  Supplement 
have  for  the  most  part  been  described  since  the  publication  of  his 
earlier  works,  on  which  the  Check-List  was  based,  and  it  was  evidently 
the  author's  intention  to  make  this  publication  not  only  a  supplement 
to  the  Check-List,  but  a  continuation  of  his  preceding  two  manuals  of 
the  subject,  by  giving  descriptions  of  forms  added  as  well  as  the  usual 
check-list  matter.  As  known  to  his  fellow- workers,  it  was  his  custom 
to  base  his  descriptions  on  the  type  specimens  of  the  species  and  sub- 
species involved,  instead  of  compiling  from  the  original  descriptions. 
For  this  reason  the  descriptive  portion  of  this  supplement  is  incom- 
plete, in  cases  where  the  type  specimens  chance  to  be  in  foreign 
museums  or  in  the  museums  of  the  Pacific  coast  and  Canada.  De- 
scriptions of  some  of  the  forms  published  in  1914  had  also  not  been 
completed,  especially  with  reference  to  the  measurements  of  the  skulls. 
The  Editor  regrets  that  it  proved  impracticable  to  have  these  blanks 


1  Field  Columbian  Museum  |  Publication   105  |  Zoological   Series  Vol.   VI  |  A  I 
Check  List  |  of  |  Mammals  |  of  the  |  North  American  Continent  |  the  |  West  Indies! 
and  the  |  Neighboring  Seas  |  By  |  Daniel  Giraud  Elliot,  F.  R.  S.  E.,  etc.  |  Curator  of 
Department  |  —  |  [Seal]  Chicago,  U.  S.  A.  |  1905  —  8vo,  pp.  i-v,  1-761. 

2  Synopsis  of  North  American  Mammals,  1901,  and  Mammals  of  Middle  America 
and  the  West  Indies,  1905. 


620 


filled,  at  least  without  causing  much  delay  in  the  publication  of  the 
work,  thus  leaving  a  few  of  the  descriptions  incomplete. 

It  is  to  be  noted  that  the  Supplement  contains  many  changes  in 
generic  nomenclature  from  that  of  the  original  Check-List,  many 
groups  treated  in  the  latter  as  subgenera  being  here  given  the  rank  of 
genera,  while  the  changes  in  generic  names  shown  to  be  necessary 
since  the  publication  of  the  Check-List  are  duly  recorded  in  the 
present  supplement. 

J.  A.  ALLEN. 

American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 
January  8,  1917. 


iv 


CLASS  MAMMALIA. 

Order  Marsupialia.    Marsupials. 

Family  Didelphiidae.     Opossums. 
Genus  Chironectes  (i). 

1  Chironectes  panamensis  Goldman. 

Chironectes  panamensis  Goldman,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LXIII,  1914, 

No.  5,  p.  i. 

Type  locality.     Cana,  eastern  Panama.     Altitude  2000  feet. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Guatemala  into  Colombia. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  C.  minimus  of  Guiana  in  size  and  color; 
but  cranial  characters  different.  Braincase  longer;  lambdoid  crest 
projecting  over  foramen  magnum;  nasals  longer,  ends  pointed,  sides 
not  constricted;  fronto-parietal  suture  convex  posteriorly;  sagittal 
crest  developed. 

Color.  Pattern  as  in  C.  minimus,  grayish  white,  light  brown  and 
black;  the  crescentic  band  over  eyes  less  distinct;  black  of  forearms 
extending  to  first  phalanges  of  the  three  middle  digits;  base  of  tail 
dark  all  around;  rest  like  C.  minimus.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  651;  tail,  386;  hind  foot,  72. 
Skull:  Greatest  length,  74.2;  Hensel,  69.2;  zygomatic  width,  43.8; 
intertemporal  width,  14.1;  length  of  nasals,  33;  palatal  length,  45.6; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  26.4;  length  of  mandible,  57.2;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  29.1.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Genus  Marmosa  (2). 

Marmosa  ruatanica  Goldman. 

Marmosa  ruatanica  Goldm.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXIV,  1911, 

P.  237. 
Type  locality.     Ruatan  Island,  off  north  coast  of  Honduras. 

1  This  separates  the  water  opossum  of  South  America  from  that  of  Central 
America,  heretofore  considered  as  one  and  the  same  species,  and  limits  the  range 
of  C.  panamensis  from  Guatemala  into  Colombia. 


Z  MARMOSA. 

Genl.  Char.  Top  of  head  smoky  brown;  broad  line  down  center 
of  face  paler;  orbital  markings  black,  extending  to  nose;  upperparts 
of  body  cinnamon;  underparts  cream  color  tinged  with  yellow;  tail 
dusky,  lightest  on  apical  half;  hands  and  feet  whitish;  ears  dark 
brown.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total,  length,  338;  tail,  188;  hind  foot,  24.5. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  40.5;  zygomatic  width,  22.7;  intertem- 
poral  width,  5.8;  length  of  nasals,  17.7;  palatal  length,  21;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,. 6;  length  of  mandible,  28.7;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  8.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Marmosa  z^ledoni  Goldman. 

Marmosa  zeledoni  Goldm.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXIV,  1911, 
p.  238. 

Type  locality.     Navarro,  Costa  Rica. 

Genl.  Char.  Near  to  M.  americana,  but  more  rufescent;  inter- 
parietal  narrower. 

Color.  Face  light  cinnamon-rufous;  cheeks,  sides  of  neck,  flanks 
reaching  nearly  to  middle  of  belly  ochraceous-buff;  upperparts  cin- 
namon-rufous; throat,  chest,  middle  of  belly  and  inner  side  of  limbs 
yellowish  white;  tail  light  brown;  hands  brownish;  hind  feet  whitish; 
ear  brown.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  345;  tail,  168;  hind  foot,  23. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  33.9;  Hensel,  29;  zygomatic  width, 
19.2;  •  intertemporal  width,  6.5;  length  of  nasals,  16.2;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,  11.7;  length  of  palate,  18.2;  length  of  mandible, 
23.8;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  12.7.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Marmosa  isthmica  Goldman. 

Marmosa  isthmica  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LVI,  1912,  No.  36, 
p.  i. 

Type  locality.     Rio  Indio,  near  Gatun,  Canal  Zone,  Panama. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  large;  skull  similar  to  that  of  M.  chapmani,  but 
rostrum  narrower;  teeth  and  audital  processes  of  alisphenoid  smaller. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  brownish  cinnamon;  middle  of  face 
lighter;  orbital  ring  black;  sides  of  neck  and  flanks  ochraceous-buff; 
underparts  creamy  buff;  tail  above  light  brownish,  beneath  tawny 
ochraceous;  hands  brownish  to  base  of  fingers;  toes  and  hind  feet 
whitish;  ears  brown.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.     Total    length,    385;     tail,    215;     hind    foot,    28. 


MARMOSA.  O 

Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  43;  Hensel,  36.4;  zygomatic  width, 
23.7;  intertemporal  width,  6.2;  length  of  nasals,  20;  palatal  length, 
21.5;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  13.7;  length  of  mandible,  30.6; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  14.4.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Marmosa  gaumeri  Osgood. 

Marmosa  gaumeri  Osgood,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI,  1913, 

P-  175- 
Type  locality.     Yaxcaba,   southwest   of   Chichen   Itza,   Yucatan, 

Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  M .  canescens,  but  smaller.  Skull  small 
and  narrow. 

Color.  Upperparts  dull  brownish  fawn  mixed  with  dusky,  this 
hue  extending  down  outer  sides  of  fore  and  hind  legs;  orbital  ring 
blackish  brown;  cheeks,  underparts  and  inner  side  of  limbs  pale  cream 
color;  tail  above  brownish  drab,  paler  beneath;  feet  cream  white. 
Ex  type  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  205;  tail,  105;  hind  foot,  15. 
Skull:  Greatest  length,  304;  zygomatic  breadth,  17.3;  interorbital 
constriction,  5.1;  occipito-nasal  length,  29.2;  Hensel,  23;  length  of 
nasals,  12.2;  palatal  length,  16.1;  length  of  upper  tooth  row,  12.3, 
including  canines.  Ex  type  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Marmosa  mayensis  Osgood. 

Marmosa  mayensis  Osgood,  Proc.  BioL  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI,  1913, 
p.  176. 

Type  locality.     Izamal,   Yucatan,    Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Like  M.  mexicana  but  paler.  Type  in  Field  Museum 
of  Natural  History. 

Color.  Upperparts  cinnamon  mixed  with  dusky;  flanks  cinnamon; 
orbital  ring  black;  underparts  creamy  white,  base  of  hair  on  sides 
slate  color;  tail  drab-brown.  Type  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural 
History. 

Measurements.     Total  length,  228;   tail,  118;   ear,  15. 

Marmosa  invicta  Goldman. 

Marmosa  invicta  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  3. 

Type  locality.     Cana,  eastern  Panama. 

Color.  Upperparts  blackish  slate;  (the  type  is  rusty,  however, 
from  the  occiput);  between  shoulders  to  the  lower  part  of  the  dorsal 


4  PERAMYS.  PHILANDER. 

region  and  between  eyes  mouse-gray;  flanks  blackish  slate ;  underparts 
and  lower  side  of  limbs  silvery  white ;  hairs  on  scrotum  white  to  roots ; 
chin,  lips  and  lower  part  of  cheeks  white ;  antorbital  spot  black;  wrists 
and  ankles  dusky;  tail  above  dark,  beneath  paler.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  248;  tail,  137;  hind  foot,  19. 
Skull:  Total  length,  30.7;  Hensel,  27.5;  zygomatic  width,  16;  inter- 
temporal  width,.  6.1;  length  of  nasals,  13.8;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  11.2.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Genus  Peramys. 

Peramys  Lesson,  Nouv.  Tabl.  Regne  Anim.  Mamm.,  1842,  p.  187. 

Type,  Didelphys  brachyura  Schreber. 
Peramys  melanops  Goldman. 

Peramys  melanops  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX,  No.  2,  1912, 
p.   20. 

Type  locality.     Cana,   eastern   Panama.     Altitude    2000   feet. 

Color.  Head  and  top  of  upperparts  cinnamon,  grading  into  almost 
black  at  rump;  cheeks  and  sides  cinnamon;  throat  and  sides  of  belly 
mouse-color;  a  median  stripe,  buffy  on  neck,  changes  to  white  and 
broadens  out  until  it  occupies  most  of  the  chest  and  then  narrows 
again  from  chest  to  root  of  tail ;  chin  with  a  central  white  spot ;  hands, 
feet  and  tail  black;  ears  dusky.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  168;  tail,  60;  hind  foot,  16.5. 
Skull:  (broken).  Total  length,  26.8;  Hensel,  25;  length  of  nasals, 
13.7;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  9.5;  length  of  mandible,  19.1; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  9.6.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Genus  Philander. 

Philander  Brisson,  Reg.  Anim.,   1762,  p.   207.      Type  Didelphis 

philander  Linn. 
Philander  centralis  Hollister. 

Philander    centralis   Hollister,    Proc.    Biol.    Soc.    Wash.,    XXVII, 

1914,  p.  103. 

Type  locality.     Talamanca,  Costa  Rica. 

Genl.  Char.  Median  facial  stripe,  orbital  ring,  stripe  behind  eye 
and  side  of  nose  Prout's-brown;  muzzle,  cheeks  and  forehead  grayish 


PHILANDER.  5 

light  buff;  lengthened  buffy  white  stripe  from  scapular  region  to 
middle  of  back;  rest  of  upperparts,  shoulders  and  flanks  to  lumbar 
region  bright  Hay's-russet;  rest  of  back  to  tail,  thighs  and  hind  legs 
hazel;  arms  and  entire  underparts  with  inner  side  of  hind  legs  colonial- 
buff;  hands  flesh-color;  feet  burnt-umber;  tail  at  base  blackish, 
slightly  mottled  on  anterior  portion,  remainder  flesh-color  to  tip. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  530;  tail,  270;  hind  foot,  40  (skin). 
Skull:  Total  length,  57.1;  Hensel,  49;  zygomatic  width,  33;  inter- 
temporal  width,  8.5;  length  of  nasals,  21.4;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  17.9;  length  of  mandibles,  38.9;  length  of  lower  molar  series, 
20.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Philander  laniger  nauticus  Thomas. 

Philander  laniger  nauticus  Thos.,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  8th 
Ser.,  XII,  1913,  p.  359. 

Type  locality.  Gobernador  Island,  off  the  west  coast  of  Panama. 
Type  in  British  Museum. 

Genl.  Char.  "Most  nearly  allied  to  P.  I.  pallidus,  to  which  it  has 
hitherto  been  referred,  but  the  brown  color  usual  in  the  members  of 
the  group  less  reduced,  the  general  color  being  about  sayal-brown  in 
all  four  specimens  as  compared  with  the  nearly  completely  gray  color 
of  eight  examples  of  true  pallidus.  Head,  little  paler  than  body.  No 
withers-mark  perceptible.  Under  surface  pale  buffy.  Fore  arms 
and  wrists  buffy  whitish.  Hind  limbs  pale  brown"  (Thomas,  /.  c.). 

I  have  not  seen  this  species. 

Philander  laniger  aztecus  Thomas. 

Philander  laniger  aztecus  Thomas,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  8th 
Ser.,  XII,  1913,  p.  359. 

Type  locality.  San  Juan  de  la  Punta,  Verz  Cruz,  Mexico.  Type 
in  British  Museum. 

Color .  ' '  Colors  brightly  contrasted.  General  color  rich  ferruginou s . 
Crown  grey  to  behind  level  of  ears.  Withers-streak  large,  white,  promi- 
nent. Rump  and  outer  sides  of  hips  grey  all  across,  the  grey  also 
passing  on  to  the  hairy  part  of  the  tail.  Forearms  and  wrists  promi- 
nently white.  Hind  legs  ferruginous.  Under  surface  and  inner  side 
of  limbs  buffy  whitish,  the  hairs  not  darkened  basally."  (Thomas,  I.  c.). 

Measurements.     None  given. 

I  have  not  seen  this  species. 

Philander  laniger  fervidus  Thomas. 

Philander  laniger  fervidus  Thos.,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  8th 
Ser.,  XII,  1913,  p.  359. 


6  PHILANDER.  METACHIRUS. 

Type  locality.     Guatemala.     Type  in  British  Museum. 

Color.  "Colours  very  deep  and  strong  throughout.  General 
colour  rich  cinnamon-rufous,  the  lighter  markings  yellow  instead  oi 
grey.  Head  yellow  to  level  of  ears.  Withers-mark  well  developed 
strongly  contrasted,  buffy  yellow.  Under  surface  pale  buffy  yellow 
the  belly  tending  more  towards  ferruginous.  Fore  limbs  to  wrists 
buffy  yellow.  Hind  limbs  deep  ferruginous.  Naked  part  of  tar 
wholly  dark  brown  to  end."  (Thomas,  I.  c.). 

Measurements.     None  given. 

Species  not  seen  by  me. 

Philander  nicaraguse  (Thomas). 

Marmosa  cinerea  nicaragua  Thos.,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  yth 
Ser.,  XVI,  1905,  p.  313. 

Type  locality.     Bluefields,  Nicaragua.     Type  in  British  Museum, 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  C.  alstoni  Allen;  fur  shorter,  the  hairs  oj 
back  8-9  mm.  long;  tail  very  long.  Skull  as  in  C.  alstoni. 

Color.  Above  grayish  brown;  beneath  cream-buff;  hairs  of  chest 
middle  of  abdomen  and  inguinal  region  buffy  to  their  bases;  hands 
and  feet  pale  gray;  tail  blackish  for  three-fifths  its  length,  remaindei 
of  tip  white. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  448;  tail,  281;  hind  foot,  28.5; 
ear,  29.  Skull:  Basal  length,  42.7;  greatest  breadth,  25;  length  oi 
molars,  7.7. 

Genus  Metachirus  (4). 

Metachirus  nudicaudatus  dentaneus  Goldman. 

Metachirus  nudicaudatus  dentaneus  Goldman,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.. 
LVI,  1912,  No.  36,  p.  2. 

Type  locality.     Gatun,  Canal  Zone,  Panama. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  M.  n.  colombianus,  but  dentition  heavier 
zygoma  lighter  and  first  three  upper  molars  more  deeply  emarginate. 

Color.  Top  of  head  black ;  orbital  rings  and  sides  of  muzzle  black- 
ish; cheeks,  spot  above  eyes,  and  about  ears  ochraceous-buff;  upper- 
parts  and  outer  side  of  hind  legs  wood-brown;  dorsal  line  blackish 
shoulders  suffused  with  plumbeous,  caused  by  the  dark  under  fui 
showing;  underparts  and  inner  side  of  hind  legs  yellowish  white 
outer  side  of  arms  grayish  tinged  with  buff;  hands  dusky,  fingers  and 
outer  side  of  tarsus  whitish;  hind  feet  white;  tail  above  dusky, 
beneath  paler,  tip  white.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum 

Measurements.  Total  length,  597;  tail,  332;  hind  foot,  48. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  61.2;  Hensel,  56.9;  zygomatic  width. 


DIDELPHIS. 


31.7;  intertemporal  width,  9.3;  length  of  nasals,  30;  palatal  length, 
34.5;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  21.5;  length  of  lower  molar  series, 
46.2.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Genus  Didelphis  (5). 

Didelphis  marsupialis  insularis  Allen. 

Didelphis  marsupialis  insularis  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
XVI,  1902,  p.  259;  Elliot,  Mamm.  Middle  Amer.  and  West 
Indies,  F.  C.  M.  Pub.,  IV,  Pt.  i,  1904,  p.  17,  Zool.  Ser.;  Id., 
Check  L.  Mamm.  N.  Amer.  Cont.  and  West  Indies,  F.  C.  M. 
Pub.,  VI,  1905,  p.  7,  Zool.  Ser.;  Hollister,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc. 
Wash.,  XXV,  1912,  p.  93. 
Type  locality.  Caparo,  Island  of  Trinidad. 

Geogr.  Dist.  Islands  of  Dominica,  Grenada  and  St.  Vincent,  West 
Indies. 

To  the  above-named  islands,  must  be  added  Martinique,  according 
to  Hollister  (/.  c.},  three  specimens  in  all  of  this  Opossum,  now  in  the 
National  Museum,  having  been  procured  there  by  Commodore  Perry 
in  1862,  and  by  F.  Ober  in  1878. 


Order  Edentata.    Edentates. 

Family  Bradipodidse.      Sloths. 
Genus  Bradypus  (7). 

Bradypus  ignavus  Goldman. 

Bradypus  ignavus  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX,  1913,  No.  22, 
p.  i. 

Type  locality.  Marraganti,  near  the  head  of  tide  water  on  the  Ric 
Tuyra,  eastern  Panama,  about  two  miles  above  Real  des  Santa  Marias. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  B.  griseus  but  more  spotted  above  with 
white.  Skull  with  the  nasals  shorter,  and  emarginate  anteriorly. 

Color.  Facial  lines  and  space  about  eyes  black;  remainder  of  face 
covered  with  short  hairs  whitish  in  color;  ruff  with  rusty  brown  edg- 
ings; upperparts  grayish  drab  spotted  irregularly  .with  white,  most 
conspicuous  on  the  rump;  chin  blackish,  throat  and  upperpart  oi 
chest  rusty  brown;  abdomen  and  inner  side  of  limbs  pale  drab-gray 
outer  side  of  limbs  similar  to  back.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  641;  tail,  47;  hind  foot,  132 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  78*5;  Hensel,  67.6;  zygomatic  width 
47.5;  intertemporal  width,  21.8;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  20.5: 
length  of  mandible,  51.8;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  21.5.  Ex  type 
in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Family  Dasypodidae.     Armadillos. 

Subfamily  Dasypodinae. 

Genus  Dasypus. 

Dasypus  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.,  I,  1758,  p.  50.     Type  by  tautonymy 
Dasypus  novemcinctus  Linnaeus. 

Dasypus  novemcinctus  fenestratus  Peters. 

Dasypus  fenestratus   Peters,    Monatsb.   K.    Preuss.,   Aead.   Wiss, 

Berlin,  1864,  p.  186. 
Type  locality.     Costa  Rica. 

8 


DASYPUS. 

Dasypus  novemcinctus  hoplites  G.  M.  Allen. 

Dasypus   novemcinctus  hoplites   G.   M.   Allen,   Bull.   Mus.   Comp. 

Zool.,  LIV,  1911,  p.  195. 
Type  locality.     Hills  back  of  Gouyave,  Grenada,  Lesser  Antilles. 

Dasypus  novemcinctus  texanus  (Bailey). 

Tatu  novemcinctum  texanum  Bailey,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  25,  1905, 
p.  52.  Texas  Armadillo. 

Type  locality.     Brownsville,  Texas. 

Geogr.  Dist.     Southwestern  Texas. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  D.  mexicanus;  dentition  heavier;  lachry- 
mal bone  larger  and  more  triangular,  and  plates  on  forehead  and  wrists 
larger.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  800;  tail  vertebrae,  370;  hind  foot, 
100.  Skull:  Basal  length,  81;  occipito-nasal  length,  100;  length  of 
nasals,  36;  zygomatic  breadth,  43;  mastoid  width,  29;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,  27;  of  lower  molar  series,  27.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 


Order  Cetacea.    Cetaceans. 
Family  Physeteridae.     Toothed  Whales. 

Genus  Mesoplodon  (23). 

Mesoplodon  mirum  True. 

Mesoplodon  mirum  True,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX,  1913,  p.  i;    Id. 

Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XLV,  1913,  p.  651,  pis.  52-57. 
•Type  locality.     Bird  Island,  Beaufort  Harbor,  North  Carolina. 

Genl.  Char.  "Teeth  at  the  extremity  of  the  mandible  small, 
entirely  concealed  by  the  integument  (in  the  adult  female) .  Mandibu- 
lar  symphysis  one-fourth  the  length  of  the  mandible.  No  basirostral 
groove.  External  free  border  of  the  lacrymal  bone  one-half  the  length 
of  the  orbit;  its  anterior  end  curved  upward  and  appearing  on  the 
superior  surface  of  the  skull  where  it  joins  the  antero-external  angle 
of  the  frontal  plate  of  the  maxilla.  Maxillary  prominences  short  and 
directed  obliquely  outward  anteriorly,  the  extremity  close  to  the 
maxillary  notch.  Maxillary  foramina  behind  the  premaxillary  fora- 
mina. Frontal  plates  of  maxillae  approximately  one-half  as  broad 
as  long." 

Color.  Upperparts  slate-black;  lower  parts  of  flanks  and  under- 
parts  yellowish  purple,  spotted  with  black;  middle  of  belly  darker; 
in  front  of  vent  a  grayish  spot;  fins  slate-black  like  upperparts. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  16  feet;  width  at  flukes,  4  ft.,  8  in.; 
tip  of  snout  to  origin  of  dorsal,  9  ft.;  tip  of  snout  to  origin  of  pectoral; 
3  ft.  8  in.;  tip  of  snout  to  vent,  n  ft.;  length  of  pectoral,  i  ft.  8  in.; 
greatest  depth  of  body,  3  ft.  5  in.  Skull:  total  length,  810  mm.; 
length  of  rostrum,  496;  length  from  tip  of  rostrum  to  inferior  border 
of  pterygoids,  — ;  width  across  center  of  orbits,  325;  width  across 
zygomatic  processes,  375;  breadth  of  middle  of  back,  60;  length  from 
posterior  border  of  maxillary  foramen  to  end  of  maxillary  protuberance, 
63;  length  of  portion  of  vomer  visible  on  palate,  162;  length  of  man- 
dible, 668;  length  of  symphysis,  193;  greatest  height  of  mandible 
opposite  coronoid  process,  117.  True,  ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 


10 


Order  Ungulata.    Hoofed  Quadrupeds. 

Family  Tayassuidae.    Peccaries. 

Genus  Pecari. 

Pecari  Reichenbach,  Bildergal.  Thierw.,  Heft.  6,  1835,  p.  i.  Type 
by  monotypy  Sus  torquatus  Cuvier. 

Tayassu  albirostris  spiradens  Goldman. 

Tayassu  albirostris  spiradens  Goldm.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXV,  1912,  p..  189. 

Type  locality.     Talamanca,  Costa  Rica. 

Genl.  Char.  Like  T.  a.  ringens:  facial  white  areas  more  extensive; 
molars  broader,  first  lower  premolars  smaller;  median  frontal  outline 
of  braincase  more  arched;  lower  premolars  narrowed  anteriorly,  and 
mandibular  tooth  rows  more  evenly  tapering. 

Color.  Upperparts  black  coarsely  mixed  with  tawny,  the  black 
showing  mostly  on  back  and  rump,  the  tawny  on  head,  neck,  shoulders 
and  flanks;  muzzle  and  triangular  area  from  mouth  to  nearly  beneath 
ears  buff;  feet  buffy.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Skull:  Greatest  length,  280.5;  zygomatic  width, 
120;  intertemporal  width,  65;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  76.7; 
length  of  mandible,  196;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  82.8.  Ex  type 
in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Family  Cervidse. 

Subfamily  Cervinae. 
Genus  Rangifer  (38). 

Rangifer  excelsifrons  Hollister. 

Rangifer  excelsifrons  Hollister,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LVI,  No.  35, 

1912,  p.  5. 

Type  locality.  ,  Meade  River,  near  Point  Barrow,  Alaska. 
Genl.  Char.     Skull  alone  known.     This  is  short  and  broad  with  a 
high  braincase;  facial  angle  about  45  degrees. 

Color.     As  no  skin  was  obtained,  the  color  of  the  species  cannot 
be  described. 

11 


12  RANGIFER. 

Measurements.  Skull:  Total  length,  378;  Hensel,  345;  zygomatic 
width,  140;  inter  temporal  width,  151.5;  length  of  nasals,  119;  palatal 
length,  230;  length  of  upper  tooth  row,  92.5;  length  of  mandible,  292; 
length  of  lower  tooth  row,  97.4;  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

This  form  would  seem  to  be  nearest  to  R.  grcenlandicus,  but  the 
braincase  is  narrower  although  it  has  a  similar  elevation;  more 
material  is  necessary  before  the  status  of  this  form  can  be  satisfactorily 
established. 

Rangifer  fortidens  Hollister. 

Rangifer  fortidens  Hollister,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LVI,  No.  35,  1912, 

P- 3- 
Type   locality.     Head   of   Moose   Pass,   branch   of   Smoky   River, 

Alberta,  Canada. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  large;  color  dark;  teeth  large;  antler  stout, 
greatly  palmated.  Skull,  while  generally  exceeding  in  the  size  of  all 
its  parts,  the  largest  skull  of  any  described  species  of  Caribou;  the 
present  one  seems  to  differ  in  having  the  posterior  internal  cusp  of 
both  the  third  and  fourth  lower  premolars  separated  from  the  rest 
of  the  pattern  of  the  crown  by  a  deep  depression;  the  cusp-bearing 
ridge  being  at  right  angle  to  the  tooth's  longitudinal  axis.  Female 
normally,  apparently  without  antlers. 

Color.  Head  blackish  brown;  neck  grayish  brown;  shoulders 
and  body  both  above  and  beneath,  brownish  black;  a  small  white 
mane  upon  the  throat;  small  white  patch  on  the  rump;  underparts 
black;  groin  white;  legs  and  feet  blackish  brown,  the  latter  with  a 
white  border  around  hoofs:  tail  brownish  black  with  a  white  border. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  2370;  tail,  150;  hind  foot,  690. 
Skull:  Total  length,  447;  occipito-nasal  length,  348;  Hensel,  398; 
zygomatic  width,  156;  intertemporal  width,  125;  length  of  nasals, 
151;  length  of  palate,  268;  length  of  upper  tooth  row,  in;  length  of 
mandible,  333;  length  of  lower  tooth  row,  117.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Rangifer  caribou  sylvestris  (Richardson). 

Cervus  tarandus  var.  B.  sylvestris  Rich.,  Fauna  Boreali  Amer.,  I, 
1829,  p.  250;  Hollister,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LVI,  No.  35,  1912, 
p.  4. 

In  this  paper  Mr.  Hollister  has  elevated  the  animal  from  the 
southeastern  shores  of  Hudson  Bay,  named  by  Richardson  sylvestris 
(I.  c.)  to  a  distinct  race,  giving  as  its  characters  a  darker  color;  hairs 


ALCES.  ODONTOCCELUS.  13 

brown  to  the  roots;  a  longer  and  more  slender  skull;  narrower  ros- 
trum; larger  teeth,  with,  consequently,  longer  tooth  rows,  and  longer 
nasals.  The  comparison  was  made  with  four  skulls  of  adult  Caribou 
from  Manitoba  and  Keewatin,  and  ten  (adult  ?)  from  eastern  Canada 
and  Maine. 

Genus  Alces  (39). 

Alces  columbae  Lydekker. 

Alces  columbce  Lydekker,  The  Field,  London,  109,  1907,  p.  182. 
Type  locality.     "Ontario,"  Canada. 

Alces  americanus  shirasi  Nelson. 

Alces  americanus  shirasi  Nels.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII, 
1914,  p.  72. 

Type  locality.  Snake  River,  4  miles  south  of  Yellowstone  Park, 
Lincoln  County,  Wyoming. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Northern  Rocky  Mountains  in  Wyoming,  Montana 
and  Idaho. 

Genl.  Char.  Winter  Pelage.  Neck  above,  and  back,  pale  rusty 
yellowish  brown,  washed  with  dusky  on  tips  of  hairs;  ears  paler; 
hoofs  smaller. 

Color.  Top  of  head  pale  rusty  brown;  muzzle  dusky  brown,  lips 
bordered  with  grayish  white;  upper  part  of  neck  and  back  pale 
yellowish  brown,  tips  of  hairs  dusky;  sides,  upper  part  of  limbs,  and 
under  side  of  body,  except  lower  abdomen  and  inguinal  region  which 
are  pale  buffy,  black;  front  legs  from  knees  to  hoofs,  and  lower  part 
of  hind  legs  dusky 'brown;  under  side  of  neck  mixed  black  and  rusty 
brown;  ears  behind  dull  brownish  gray,  front  of  ears  buffy  whitish. 
Type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  2540;  hind  foot,  762;  length  of 
front  hoof,  130  (Collector). 


Genus  Odontocoelus  (41). 

Odontocoelus  rothschildi  chiriquensis  Allen. 

Odocoileus  (!)  rothschildi  chiriquensis  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  XXVIII,  1910,  p.  95. 

Type   locality.     Boqueron,    Chiriqui. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  nose  fuscous;  sides  of  head  ochraceous- 
buff ;  neck  and  upperparts  have  all  the  hairs  tipped  with  light  ochra- 
ceous,  rest  of  hairs  blackish;  flanks  and  outer  side  of  limbs  light 
ochraceous;  long  hairs  on  rump  ochraceous-orange ;  on  each  side 


14  ODONTOCCELUS.  MAZAMA. 

of  the  tail,  on  rump,  a  white  space;  chin  white  crossed  by  a  blackish 
brown  band;  throat  white;  under  part  of  neck,  and  abdomen  light 
ochraceous-salmon ;  inguinal  region  white;  inner  side  of  fore  legs  to 
below  knee  white;  tail  above  like  back,  beneath  white.'  Ex  type, 
female,  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  2902;  tail,  311;  hind  foot,  241; 
ear,  254  (not  type).  Skull:  Total  length,  212;  occipito-nasal  length, 
177;  Hensel,  181;  zygomatic  width,  81.4;  interorbital  width,  51.3; 
length  of  nasals,  59.1;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  68.6;  length  of 
mandible,  165;  length  of  lower  molar  series, l  71.5.  Ex  type  in  Ameri- 
can Museum  of  Natural  History. 

The  type,  a  female,  was  not  fully  adult,  but  the  skin  was  the  only 
one  obtained.  A  number  of  skulls  of  males  with  the  horns  attached 
were  procured.  The  antlers  resemble  those  of  0.  rothschildi  Thomas 
but  are  larger.  The  following  are  the  measurements  of  male: 

Skull:  No.  18,957,  as  given  by  Dr.  J.  A.  Allen:  "Greatest  length, 
222;  basal  length,  200;  greatest  breadth,  88;  nasals,  length,  65; 
nasals,  breadth,  23;  muzzle  to  orbit,  112;  breadth  of  braincase,  58; 
muzzle  to  anterior  premolar,  65;  alv.  length  of  upper  tooth  row,  57; 
crown  length,  60;  alv.  length  of  lower  tooth  row,  65." 

Odontoccelus  americanus  louisianae  G.  M.  Allen. 

Odoccelus  (!)  mrginianus  louisiance  G.  M.  Allen,  Am.  Nat.,  XXXV, 

1901,  p.  449. 
Type  locality.     Mer  Rouge,  Morehouse  Parish,  Louisiana. 


Genus  Mazama. 

Mazama  Rafmesque,  Amer.  Month.  Mag.,  I,  1817,  p.  363.  Type, 
Mazama  pita  Rafin.  =  Cervus  rufus  Illiger. 

Mazama  tema  reperticia  Goldman. 

Mazama  tema  reperticia  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX,  1913,  No. 
22,  p.  2. 

Type  locality.     Gatun,  Canal  Zone,  Panama. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  M.  tema  but  larger  and  less  rufescent. 
Skull  larger  and  correspondingly  different  in  measurements. 

Color.  Top  of  head,  middle  of  face  and  upper  side  of  neck,  black- 
ish; space  about  eyes  rusty  red;  cheeks  drab-gray;  upperparts  dull 
cinnamon-rufous,  median  line  darker;  chin  and  throat  white;  under 


1  Last  molar  not  fully  developed. 


ANTILOCAPRA.  15 

side  of  neck  drab-gray;  chest  and  anterior  portion  of  abdomen  fawn 
color,  posterior  portion  white;  inner  side  of  thighs  white;  a  white 
spot  on  upper  lip;  tail  above  cinnamon-rufuous,  beneath  white; 
feet  brownish  drab.  Ex  type  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  1.114;  tail,  130.  Skull:  Total 
length,  184;  occipito-nasal  length,  162;  Hensel,  162;  zygomatic  width, 
80;  intertemporal  width,  41;  palatal  length,  107.4;  length  from  arch 
to  incisive  foramina,  71.7;  length  of  nasals,  59.5;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  51.7;  length  of  mandible,  141.3;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  59.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Family  Antilocapridae.     Antelopes. 
Genus  Antilocapra  (43). 

Antilocapra  americana  peninsularis  Nelson. 

Antilocapra  americana  peninsularis  Nelson,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXV,   1912,  p.   107. 

Type  locality.  45  miles  south  of  Calmalli,  Lower  California,  Mex- 
ico. 

Genl.  Char.  Horns  shorter,  rough;  molar  series  heavier  than  in 
A.  americana;  slight  differences  in  color  of  pelage. 

Color.  Compared  with  A.  americana.  Like  that  species,  but  the 
black  border  on  terminal  half  of  ears  is  broader,  and  the  terminal  third 
of  the  outer  side  of  ears  is  blackish,  the  tips  being  pure  black;  rufous 
area  on  top  of  tail  extends  forward  as  a  well-marked  bar  dividing  the 
white  rump-patch.  Size  of  the  two  forms  about  the  same.  Ex  type 
in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Skull:  total  length,  287;  occipito-nasal  length, 
237;  Hensel,  249;  length  of  nasals,  107.3;  length  of  upper  tooth  row, 
69.7;  length  from  palatal  arch  to  incisive  foramina,  118.1;  length  of 
mandible,  173;  length  of  lower  tooth  row,  -72.8.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

I  cannot  perceive  any  characters  sufficient,  in  my  opinion,  to  sepa- 
rate this  animal  from  typical  americana.  Those  mentioned  by  Mr. 
Nelson,  both  of  color  of  coat  and  difference  in  skull,  are  individualistic, 
rather  than  specific,  and  on  comparing  the  type  skull  with  those  of 
typical  americana ,  the  molar  series  are  not  found  to  be  any  heavier. 
I  therefore  regard  peninsularis  as  the  same  as  americana  of  which  it 
would  be  a  synonym. 


16  OREAMNOS.  OVIS. 

Family  Bovidae.     Oxen,  Sheep,  Goats. 

Subfamily  Rupicaprinae. 

Genus  Oreamnos  (44). 

In  the  Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Society  of  Washington,  XXV, 
1912,  p.  185,  Mr.  Hollister  in  a  paper  on  the  species  of  this  genus  shows 
that  the  names  of  three  must  be  changed  as  follows: 

Oreamnos  americanus  americanus  (Blainville) . 

Ovis  montanus  Ord,  Guthrie's  Geog.,  2d.  Amer.  ed.,  II,  1915,  p.  292 
(nee  Ovis  montana,  Schreb.,  1804;  nee  Ovis  montana  Tiedemann 
1908). 

Oreamnos  americanus  missoulse,  emendation  for  Oreamnos  montanus 
missoula  Allen,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  1904,  XX,  p.  20. 

Oreamnos  americanus  Columbian,  emendation  for  Oreamnos  montanus 
columbianus  Allen,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XX,  1904,  p.  20. 

Genus  Ovis  (45). 

Ovis  cervina  californiana  Douglas. 

Oms  californianus  Douglas,  Zool.  Journ.,  IV,  1829,  p.  332. 

Type  locality.     Near  Mount  Adams,  Yakima  County,  Washington. 

Genl.  Char.  Smaller  than  O.  cervina;  horns  lighter,  in  shape  like 
those  of  O.  stonei,  but  with  less  spread. 

As  it  was  supposed  that  there  were  no  typical  examples  of  this 
species  in  any  museum,  this  form  was  considered  synonymous  with 
0.  cervina,  but  Mr.  Hollister  has  stated,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXV, 
1912,  p.  187,  that  a  specimen  has  been  presented  to  the  National 
Museum  from  the  Methow  River,  Washington,  and  that  it  is  a  valid 
species. 

Ovis  canadensis  gaillardi  Mearns. 

Ovis  canadensis  gaillardi  Mearns,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  56,  Pt.  i 
1907,  p.  240. 

Type  locality.  Gila.  Mountains  between  Tijanas  Altas,  and  the 
Mexican  Boundary  Line,  in  Yuma  County,  Arizona. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Low  desert  ranges  south  of  the  Gila,  and  east  of  the 


ovis.  17 

Colorado  River,  south  into  Sonora,  Mexico,  as  far  as  Seriland,  opposite 
Tiburon  Island  in  the  Gulf  of  California. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  small,  muzzle  dark-colored;  horns  long  and 
strongly  incurved;  no  white  on  throat. 

Color,  Winter  Pelage.  Rump,  belly  and  posterior  surface  of  limbs 
white ;  rest  of  body  with  neck  and  head  ecru-drab,  darkest  on  shoulders, 
hips  and  middle  of  back;  vertebral  stripe;  tail  dark  brown;  the  white 
rump  divided  by  a  stripe  of  the  same  color.  Summer  Pelage.  General 
color  pale  rusty  buff,  darkening  to  drab  on  neck. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  1200;  tail  vertebrae,  120;  ear  from 
crown,  120;  fore  foot  with  hoof,  270;  hind  foot  with  hoof,  315;  height 
at  shoulders,  770;  at  hip,  870;  length  of  horn,  .163. 

The  type  specimen  is  very  young,  and  about  half -grown,  with  the 
second  and  third  molars  not  yet  above  the  jaw.  From  a  number  of 
examples  in  the  United  States  National  Museum,  the  following  descrip- 
tion and  measurements  are  taken  from  an  adult  male. 

Color.  Nose  and  lips  white;  head,  cheeks  and  throat  whitey 
brown ;  rest  of  neck  and  chest  bistre,  darkest  on  chest ;  middle  of  back 
grayish  brown ;  rest  of  back  and  flanks  pale  brussels-brown  with  many 
white  tips  to  the  hairs,  giving  a  shimmering  effect;  a  white  patch  on 
rump,  divided  in  the  middle  by  a  dark  seal-brown  line;  underparts 
white;  thighs  and  front  part  of  limbs  bistre,  hind  part  white;  tail 
bistre. 

Measurements.  Skull:  Total  length  about  300;  occipito-nasal 
length,  227;  Hensel,  260;  length  of  nasals,  124.6;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  85.6;  length  of  mandible,  222;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  92.2;  length  of  horns  along  curve,  825;  circumference  of  horn 
at  base,  363;  spread  of  horns  at  tips,  695. 

Ovis  cervina  sierrae  Grinnell. 

Ovis  cervina  sierra  Grinnell,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  X,  1912,  p.  144. 

Type  locality.  East  slope  of  Mount  Baxter,  Sierra  Nevada,  Inyo 
County,  California,  altitude,  11,000  feet. 

Ovis  cervina  texana  Bailey. 

Ovis  canadensis  texianus  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXV,  1912, 
p.  109. 

Type  locality.     Guadalupe   Mountains,  El   Paso   County,   Texas. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  O.  mexicanus  but  darker.  Chief  characters 
the  very  narrow  muzzle,  nasals  and  palate.  Horns  of  female  long,  thin 
and  slender,  molars  heavy. 

Color.  Upperparts  dull  buffy  brown;  rump-patch  pure  white 
with  a  narrow  medium  dark  line;  nose  whitish;  belly  whitish;  whit- 


18  ovis. 

ish  line  down  inner  side  of  legs  to  hoofs.     Ex  type  in  United  States 
National   Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  1530;  tail  broken;  hind  foot,  355; 
ear  from  notch,  90.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  227;  Hensel,  246; 
zygomatic  width,  113;  greatest  width  of  nasals,  35;  width  of  palate, 
between  second  molars,  42;  length  of  upper  tooth  row,  90;  length  of 
lower  tooth  row,  92;  width  over  orbits,  150;  width  at  base  of  horns, 
100.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Ovis  cowani  Rothschild. 

Ovis  cowani  Rothsch.,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1907,  p.  238. 

Type  locality.  Mountain  chain  near  Mount  Logan,  British 
Columbia. 


Order  Rodentia.     Rodents. 

Family  Sciuridae.     Squirrels,  Marmots. 

Subfamily  Sciurinae. 

Genus  Sciurus  (50). 

Subgenus  B.  Baiosciurus. 

Sciurus  deppei  matagalpa  Allen. 

Sciurus  deppei  matagalpa  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXIV, 
1908,  p.  660. 

Type  locality.  •  San  Rafael  del  Norte,  Nicaragua. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  S.  deppei  but  upperparts  yellowish  brown 
instead  of  rusty  brown. 

Color.  Head,  entire  upperparts,  flanks  and  outer  side  of  limbs, 
mixed  antimony-yellow  and  black,  the  first  color  being  restricted  to  the 
tips  of  the  hairs,  the  dark  one  being  the  hue  of  the  under  fur;  throat 
white ;  rest  of  underparts  and  inner  side  of  limbs  antimony-yellow,  like 
the  tips  of  the  hairs  on  upperparts;  tail  above  antimony-yellow  and 
black,  outer  edge  white,  beneath  mixed  black  and  white,  and  edged 
with  white;  hands  and  feet  antimony-yellow  like  outer  side  of  limbs. 
Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  554;  tail,  240;  hind  foot,  45.9. 
Skull:  Total  length,  48.9;  Hensel,  38.9;  zygomatic  width,  29;  inter- 
temporal  width,  15.3;  length  of  nasals,  15.3;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  8.2;  length  of  mandible,  24.7;  length  of  lower  molar  series, 
8.7.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York. 

Subgenus  C.  Guerlinguetus. 

Sciurus  variabilis  choco  Goldman. 

Sciurus  variabilis  choco  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX,  1913,  No. 
22,  p.  4. 

Type  locality.     Cana,  eastern  Panama.     Altitude  3,500  feet. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  S.  v.  morulus  but  darker. 

Color.  Top  of  head  blackish;  cheeks  brownish  buff;  lips  pale  buff ; 
upperparts  light  ochraceous-buff  to  tawny  ochraceous  lined  with  black ; 
dorsal  stripe  from,  shoulders  to  base  of  tail  black;  shoulders  and  sides 
ochraceous-rufous;  outer  sides  of  forearms  ochraceous-rufous  mixed 

19 


20  SCIURUS. 

with  black;  outer  side  of  hind  legs  light  ochraceous-buff;  underparts 
and  inner  side  of  limbs '  ochraceous-ruf ous ;  (some  specimens  have 
white  axillae,  pectoral  and  inguinal  regions  and  on  the  center  of  abdo- 
men) ;  tail  above  blackish  on  basal  fourth,  then  ochraceous-ruf  ous  with 
the  tip  black,  beneath  buff  and  black  with  a  black  submarginal  stripe 
edged  with  ochraceous-ruf  ous;  hands  and  feet  mixed  blackish  and  buff; 
ears  blackish.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  444;  tail,  209;  hind  foot,  61.  Skull: 
Hensel,  41.1;  zygomatic  width,  22.7;  intertemporal  width,  18;  length 
of  nasals,  18.8;  palatal  length,  29.7;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  9.8; 
length  of  mandible,  27.6.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Subgenus  G.  Echinosciurus. 

Sciurus  poliopus  tepicanus  Allen. 

Sciurus  poliopus  tepicanus  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
XXII,  1906,  p.  243. 

Type  locality.  Rancho  Palo  Amarillo,  near  Amatlan  de  Cafias, 
Tepic,  Mexico.  Altitude,  5,000  feet. 

Color.  Head  in  front  of  ears  to  end  of  nose  black  with  white  dots 
intermixed;  rest  of  crown  and  nape  mixed  warm  buff  and  black; 
upperpart  and  middle  of  back  and  outer  side  of  limbs  grizzled  gray; 
lower  back  and  rump  warm  buff  like  nape;  underparts  and  inner  side 
of  limbs  white;  tail  above  and  below  with  the  hairs  ringed  black  and 
white,  but  with  less  black  showing  on  the  under  than  on  the  upper  part ; 
hands  and  feet  white;  a  white  patch  behind  ears.  Ex  type  in  Ameri- 
can Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  600;  tail,  300;  hind  foot,  60. 
Skull:  Total  length,  58.8;  Hensel,  45.1;  zygomatic  width,  34.6;  inter- 
temporal  width,  18;  length  of  nasals,  16.6;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  11.4;  length  of  mandible,  30.2;  length  of  lower  molar  series, 
n. 2.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Sciurus  socialis  littoralis  Nelson. 

Sciurus  socialis  littoralis  Nels.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX,  1907, 
p.  87. 

Type  locality.     Puerto  Angel,  Oaxaca,  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Dist.     Coastal  hills  of  southern  Oaxaca  near  Puerto  Angel. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  but  paler  than  S.  socialis. 

Color.  Upperparts  iron-gray  like  S.  socialis  but  more  whitish; 
nape-patch  dark  rufous;  underpart  and  inner  side  of  legs  dark  rufous; 
a  patch  of  whitish  behind  base  of  ears;  top  of  head  iron-gray,  around 
eyes  dark  rufous ;  cheeks  whitish;  tail,  median  part  on  both  upper  and- 


SCIURUS.  21 

under  side  rufous,  overlaid  above  by  black  and  washed  with  whitish, 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  526;  tail,  273;  hind  foot,  67.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  58.8;  Hensel,  45.5;  zygomatic  width,  34.5; 
intertemporal  width,  17.3;  length  of  nasals-,  17.2;  length  of  palate,  26; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  10.8;  length  of  mandible,  27.7;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  11.5.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Sciurus  boothiae  annalium  Thomas. 

Sciurus  boothice  annalium  Thos.,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  5th 
Ser.,  XVI,  1905,  p.  309. 

Type  locality.     Honduras.     Type  in  British  Museum. 

Genl.  CTiar.     "As  in  S.  boothice,  but  belly  grey  instead  of  white." 

Color.  "Above  as  in  boothia  but  less  heavily  blackened.  Under 
surface  and  inner  side  of  limbs  uniformly  dull  grizzled  greyish  (between 
1  drab-grey '  and  'hair-brown'),  not  defined  laterally  from  the  colour  of 
the  sides.  Ears  with  a  narrow  black  edging ;  the  small  patch  behind  their 
posterior  bases  dull  greyish  white.  Upper  surface  of  hands  and  feet 
black.  Tail-hairs  black,  annulated  along  the  middle  line  below  with  dull 
whitish,  and  tipped  with  white,  but  less  broadly  than  in  true  boothia." 

Measurements.  "Head  and  body  250  mm.;  tail,  250;  hind  foot, 
s.  u.  51,  c.  u.  55  (the  second  specimen  larger:  hind  foot,  s.  u.  57, 
c.  u.  61)." 

"Length  of  upper  tooth  row,  exclusive  of  small  premolar,  10." 
(Thomas,  /.  c.). 

I  have  not  seen  this  species. 

Sciurus  variegatoides  helveolus  Goldman. 

Sciurus  variegatoides  helveolus  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LVI. 
No.  36,  1912,  p.  3. 

Type  locality.     Corozal,  Canal  Zone,  Panama. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  S.  variegatoides  but  paler  on  limbs  and 
underparts. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  back  grizzled  black  and  pale  buff;  muzzle 
and  sides  of  head  buffy  gray;  outer  side  of  limbs,  flanks,  underparts, 
hands  and  feet  pale  buff;  tail  above  at  base  grizzled  like  back,  re- 
mainder black  and  white,  the  latter  hue  on  tips  of  hairs;  beneath 
ochraceous-buff  in  the  center  bordered  with  black  with  an  outer 
edging  of  white;  ears  with  pale  buff  patches  and  broad  black  borders. 
Type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  508;  tail,  255;  hind  foot,  63. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  — ;  Hensel,  — ;  zygomatic  breadth, 
34.2;  intertemporal  width,  21;  length  of  nasals,  19.3;  palatal  length, 
26.7.  Type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


22  MICROSCIURUS. 


1  Genus  Microsciurus. 

Microsciurus  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  VII,  1895,  p.  332. 
Type  Sciurus  alfari  Allen. 

Microsciurus  alfari  venustulus  Goldman. 

Microsciurus  alfari  venustulus  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LVI, 
1912,  p.  4. 

Type  locality.     Gatun,  Canal  Zone,  Panama. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  M.  alfari  but  less  red;  nasals  narrower, 
and  jugal  weaker. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  cheeks  cinnamon-rufous;  upperparts  and 
outer  sides  of  limbs  grizzled  cinnamon-rufous,  the  hairs  having  sub- 
terminal  reddish  bands  and  black  tips;  underparts  and  under  sides  of 
limbs  grayish  brown  suffused  with  cinnamon-rufous;  hands  and  feet 
dark  rusty  brown;  tail  above  grizzled  black  and  cinnamon-rufous, 
with  a  broad  edge  of  the  latter  color;  beneath  cinnamon-rufous  and 
black,  the  latter  predominating.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  250;  tail,  102;  hind  foot,  40.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  36.5;  Hensel,  26.9;  zygomatic  width,  23.2; 
intertemporal  width,  14;  length  of  nasals,  10.5;  palatal  length,  15; 
length  of  upper  molar  series  (anterior  premolar  absent),  5.4;  length 
of  mandible,  8;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  6.1.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Microsciurus  isthmius  vivatus  Goldman. 

Microsciurus  isthmius  vivatus  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX,  1912, 
No.  2,  p.  4. 

Type  locality.  Near  Cana,  in  the  Pirri  range  of  mountains,  eastern 
Panama.  Altitude  3500  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  M.  isthmius  but  paler,  more  olivaceous; 
underparts  orange-buff,  not  ferruginous. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  and  outer  side  of  limbs  orange-buff, 
palest  on  cheeks;  underparts  and  inner  side  of  arms  orange-buff, 
palest  on  middle  of  belly,  and  darkest  on  inner  side  of  hind  legs  where 
the  dark  under  fur  shows  through;  hands  and  feet  tawny-ochraceous ; 
tail  above  grizzled  black  and  buff,  beneath  tawny-ochraceous;  margi- 
nal stripe  black  edged  with  grayish  buff,  tip  black.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.     Total    length,    260;     tail,    113;     hind    foot,    38. 


1  Proposed  as  a  subgenus  by  Dr.  Allen  (/.  c.)  and  so  employed  in  the  Check- List, 
p.  60,  but  raised  to  full  generic  rank  by  Goldman  (I.e.). 


EUTAMIAS.  23 

Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  38.2;  intertemporal  width,  13.4;  zygo- 
matic  width,  22.5;  length  of  nasals,  10.7;  length  of  upper  molar  series, 
6.1;  length  of  mandible,  17.2;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  6.2.  Ex 
type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

1  Genus  Eutamias. 

Eutamias  Trouessart,  Cat.  Mamm.  in  Bull.  Soc.  d'Etudes  Sci. 
d'Angers,  X,  1880,  p.  86.  Type,  Sciurus  striatus  asiaticus 
Gmelin. 

Eutamias  merriami  meridionalis  Nelson  and  Goldman. 

Eutamias  merriami  meridionalis  Nels.  and  Goldm.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc., 
XXII,  1909,  p.  23. 

Type  locality.  Aguaje  de  San  Esteban,  about  25  miles  northwest 
of  San  Ignacio,  Lower  California. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  E.  m.  obscura,  but  smaller  and  grayer. 

Color.  Top  of  head  grizzled  gray  and  brown  and  bordered  with 
reddish  brown;  reddish  brown  stripe  through  eye,  and  one  from  cheek 
to  below  eye;  dorsal  stripe  rusty  brown  becoming  blackish  on  lower 
back;  middle  pair  of  stripes  rusty  brown  like  median;  inner  pair  of 
light  stripes  gray;  outer  pair  paler  gray;  flanks  and  outer  side  of  arms 
pale  buff;  rump  and  outer  side  of  legs  pale  grizzled  gray;  hands  and 
feet  and  front  of  arms  pale  gray  tinged  with  buffy;  tail  above  blackish 
washed  with  buffy  gray  and  margined  with  white,  beneath  rusty- 
rufous  with  a  black  margin  edged  with  white.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  237;  tail,  117;  hind  foot,  33. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  35.4;  Hensel,  28.7;  zygomatic  width, 
18.2;  intertemporal  width,  12;  length  of  nasals,  9.6;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  5.2;  length  of  mandible,  16.2;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  5.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Eutamias  ludibundus  Hollister. 

Eutamias  ludibundus  Hollister,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LVI,  No.  26, 1911, 
p.  i. 

Type  locality.  Yellowhead  Lake,  British  Columbia.  Altitude, 
3700  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Nearest  to  E.  luteiventris  but  larger,  flanks  darker; 
yellow  on  underparts  absent. 

Color.  Top  of  head,  rump  and  outer  side  of  hind  legs  grizzled  hair- 
brown;  five  black  dorsal  stripes;  two  inner  light  stripes  grayish; 

1  Employed  as  a  subgenus  in  the  Check-List,  p.  85. 


24  EUTAMIAS. 

outer  pair  mixed  white  and  grayish;  facial  stripes  brownish  black; 
cheeks,  shoulders,  flanks,  and  outer  side  of  fore  legs,  dark  cinnamon; 
underparts  whitish,  tinged  on  sides  of  belly  with  cinnamon-tawny; 
tail  above  mixed  black  and  dark  buff,  lateral  black  band  bordered 
with  olive  beneath,  central  portion  russet;  hands  and  feet  wood-brown; 
ears  on  outer  side  blackish,  inner  side  brownish.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  222;  tail,  96;  hind  foot,  34.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  33.4;  Hensel,  26.7;  zygomatic  width,  19.6; 
intertemporal  width,  7 ;  length  of  nasals,  10;  length  of  upper  tooth  row, 
5.2;  length  of  mandible,  17.4;  length  of  lower  tooth  row,  15.1;  Ex 
type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Eutamias  amoenus  propinquus  Anthony. 

Eutamias  amcenus  propinquus  Anthony,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
XXXII,  1913,  p.  6. 

Type  locality.     Ironside,  Malheur  County,  Oregon. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  E.  amcenus,  but  the  orange  hue  in  the  pelage 
generally  darker  and  richer. 

Color.  Facial  stripes  dark  orange  inclining  to  black ;  stripe  behind 
eye  almost  wholly  black;  top  of  head  mixed  buff  and  black;  sides  of 
neck,  shoulders,  flanks  and  hips  ochraceous-orange ;  five  black  dorsal 
stripes;  inner  pair  of  light  stripes  ochraceous,  outer  pair  buffy  white; 
rump  grayish;  underparts  and  inner  side  of  limbs  buffy  white;  tail 
above  with  two  black  lateral  stripes,  central  part  mixed  orange  and 
black,  beneath,  ochraceous-orange,  tip  black,  hairs  tipped  with  ochra- 
ceous-orange; hands  and  feet  warm  buff.  Ex  type  in  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  207;  tail,  90;  hind  foot,  32.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  32.4;  Hensel,  25.3;  zygomatic  width,  18;  inter- 
temporal  width,  6.9;  length  of  nasals,  10;  length  of  upper  molar  series, 
5.4;  length  of  mandible,  13.4;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  5.8.  Ex 
type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

The  examples  of  this  form  were  obtained  in  August  and  September, 
mostly  during  the  latter  month,  and  all  are  in  fresh  pelage.  Speci- 
mens of  E.  amoenus  in  the  same  pelage  are  practically  indistinguishable, 
but  as  a  rule  the  Ironside  examples  are  darker,  a  deeper  orange.  It 
would  be  interesting  to  know  if  they  assume  the  gray  pelage  of  amcenus 
at  any  season  of  the  year. 

Eutamias  nexus  (Elliot). 

Tamias  nexus  Elliot,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XVIII,  1905,  p.  233. 
Type  locality.     Coyotes,  State  of  Durango,  Mexico. 


EUTAMIAS.  25 

Geogr.  Dist.     State  of  Durango,  Mexico.     Range  unknown. 

Gent.  Char.  Darker  generally  than  either  T.  bulleri  or  T.  duranga. 
Light  dorsal  stripes  reddish  not  gray;  rump  and  thighs  much  darker; 
light  face-stripes  not  so  pure  white;  underparts  mostly  plumbeous  on 
sides  and  belly,  not  white,  and  middle  of  tail  beneath  chestnut,  not 
buff  nor  ochraceous-buff  as  in  the  other  forms  named. 

Color.  Top  of  head  iron-gray,  black  stripe  from  nose  above  eye 
nearly  to  ear,  and  one  from  nose  to  eye  becoming  dark  chestnut  behind 
eye  to  ear;  yellowish  white  stripe  from  nose  between  the  black  ones 
becoming  a  narrow  line  above  eye  and  a  broader  one  beneath  eye; 
broad  chestnut  stripe  from  nose  across  cheeks  to  beneath  ear.  Gray- 
ish white  patches  behind  ears;  back  of  neck,  shoulders,  flanks,  upper 
side  of  arms  from  wrists  and  thighs  to  ankles  dark  gray  tinged  on 
shoulders  and  flanks  with  yellowish;  median  black  dorsal  stripe  from 
head  to  root  of  tail  bordered  on  either  side  with  a  rufous  and  gray 
stripe,  followed  by  a  blackish  chestnut  stripe,  succeeded  by  an  outer- 
most stripe  of  ochraceous,  the  outermost  of  all  being  dark  chestnut. 
There  are  thus  five  dark  stripes  and  four  lighter  ones,  the  middle 
pale  ones  being  so  tinged  with  red  as  to  give  the  dorsal  region  a  chest- 
nut hue.  Rump  rufous;  underparts  from  chin  to  and  including  breast 
white,  remainder  plumbeous  with  a  whitish  line  through  center  of 
abdomen.  Tail  above  black  edged  with  white,  beneath  chestnut 
bordered  with  black  and  edged  with  white,  tip  black  also  edged  with 
white.  Hands  and  feet  whitish  gray;  ears  externally  black  on  anterior 
half,  gray  on  posterior.  Ex  type  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  235;  tail,  91;  hind  foot,  27;  ear,  21. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  38;  Hensel,  30;  interorbital  construc- 
tion, 9;  zygomatic  width,  21;  mas toid  breadth,  17;  palatal  length,  16; 
length  of  nasals,  12;  width  of  rostrum  posteriorly,  7;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  6;  length  of  mandible  to  tip  of  incisors,  23;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  6. 

Eutamias  pallidus  cacodemus  Gary. 

Eutamias  pallidus  cacodemus  Gary,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XIX, 
1906,  p.  89. 

Type  locality.  Sheep  Mountain,  Big  Bad  Lands,  Fall  River  County, 
South  Dakota. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  somewhat  larger  than  E.  pallidus  Allen,  color 
paler. 

Color.  Forehead  gray;  facial  stripes  pale  buffy  ochraceous;  sides 
and  back  of  neck  and  flanks  grayish  white,  slightly  tinged  with  buff; 
rump  grayish  white;  median  dorsal  stripe  blackish  mixed  with  ochra- 
ceous; lateral  stripes  pale  ochraceous-buff,  tinged  with  olive;  middle 


26  EUTAMIAS. 

pair  of  light  stripes  cream-gray,  outer  pair  white;  underparts  white; 
tail  beneath,  cream  color,  narrow  submarginal  band  black,  hairs  on 
edge  tipped  with  white,  above  mixed  black  and  white,  the  hairs  being 
white  banded  with  black;  hands  and  feet  grayish  white.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  210;  tail,  101;  hind  foot,  34.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  32;  Hensel,  24.1;  zygomatic  width,  17.5;  inter- 
temporal  width,  6.8;  length  of  nasals,  n.i;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  5.5;  length  of  mandible,  13.5;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  5.5. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Eutamias  atristriatus  Bailey. 

Eutamias  atristriatus  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI,  1913, 
p.  129. 

Type  locality.  Penasco  Creek,  12  miles  east  of  Cloudcroft,  Sacra- 
mento Mountains,  New  Mexico.  Altitude,  7400  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Like  E.  operarius  but  larger  and  darker.  Skull  nar- 
rower. 

Color.  Top  of  head  grizzled  brown  and  gray;  two  uppermost 
facial  stripes  blackish,  lowest  dark  rufous;  stripes  between  these 
whitish;  sides  of  throat  buff;  shoulders  grayish  washed  with  buff; 
sides  of  neck  in  front  of  shoulders  and  flanks  orange ;  rump  and  thighs 
dark  brownish  gray;  arms  buffy  gray;  underparts  and  inner  sides  of 
limbs  buffy  white;  hands  whitish,  feet  buff;  tail  above,  the  hairs 
deep  buff  at  base,  then  black  and  tipped  with  white;  beneath,  ochra- 
ceous  with  black  marginal  band,  the  hairs  tipped  with  ochraceous; 
ears  black  anteriorly,  white  posteriorly.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  220;  tail,  114;  hind  foot,  32.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  33.9;  Hensel,  26.1;  zygomatic  width,  18;  inter- 
temporal  width,  73;  length  of  nasals,  9.1;  palatal  length,  14.1;  length 
of  upper  molar  series,  4.7;  length  of  mandible,  24.2;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  4.9.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Eutamias  cinereicollis  cinereus  Bailey. 

Eutamias  cinereicollis  cinereus  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXVI,  1913,  p.  130. 

Type  locality.    Copper  Canon,  Magdalena  Mountains,  New  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.     Paler  and  grayer  than  cinereicollis. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  nose  mixed  gray;  nape,  sides  of  neck  and 
shoulders  gray ;  face  white  with  three  rufous  stripes,  one  bordering  top 
of  head,  one  from  ear  through  eye  to  upper  lip,  and  one  from  beneath 
ear  to  upper  lip;  three  blackish  stripes  along  middle  of  back,  and  a 


EUTAMIAS.  *  27 

dark  chestnut  one  on  upper  edge  of  flanks;  two  middle  pale  stripes 
gray,  outer  pair  white;  rump  and  outer  side  of  thighs  and  limbs  gray; 
flanks  buff;  underparts  white,  dark  under  fur  showing  through;  tail 
above  black,  tips  of  hairs  white,  their  bases  buff,  chestnut  on  basal 
half  of  hairs,  remainder  black  with  white  tips,  beneath  pchraceous 
with  black  marginal  band  with  whitish  hairs ;  hands  and  feet  grayish, 
buff  tinged;  ears  dusky  in  front  and  white  behind.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  'Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  225;  tail,  91;  hind  foot,  33.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  35.9;  Hensel,  28.6;  zygomatic  width,  19.4; 
intertemporal  width,  8.1;  length  of  nasals,  9.5;  palatal  length,  14.6; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  5.6;  length  of  mandible,  16.1;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  5.5.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Eutamias  quadrivittatus  ahimosus  Warren. 

Eutamias  quadrivittatus  animosus  Warren,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXII,  1909,  p.  105. 

Type  locality.  Irwin's  Ranch,  Tp.  29  S.,  R.  52  W.,  Las  Animas 
County,  Colorado.  Altitude  5,000  feet. 

Genl.  Char.     Pelage  very  pale  in  color. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  shoulders  gray;  facial  stripes  narrow, 
blackish;  post-auricular  spot  large,  whitish;  flanks  grayish;  median 
dorsal  stripes  blackish,  bordered  with  rufous  or  pale  chestnut;  inner 
pair  pale  chestnut-rufous  darkest  posteriorly;  outer  pair  and  flanks 
pale  yellowish  rufous,  outer  pair  of  stripes  barely  distinguishable 
from  sides;  underparts  white;  tail  above  rusty  and  black,  beneath 
pale  bright  rufous.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  247;  tail,  115;  hind  foot,  37.  Skull: 
Total  length,  36.3;  Hensel,  27.2;  zygomatic  breadth,  19.8;  inter- 
temporal  width,  12.9;  length  of  nasals,  8;  palatal  length,  15.8;  length 
of  upper  molar  series,  6;  length  of  mandible,  16.6;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  9.3.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Eutamias  minimus  caryi  Merriam. 

Eutamias  minimus  caryi  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXI,  1908, 

P-  143- 

Type  locality.     Medano  Ranch,  San  Luis  Valley,  Colorado. 

Genl.  Char.     I^ike  T.  minimus  but  paler. 

Color.  General  hue  pale  gray;  inner  pair  of  light  stripes  pale  gray; 
top  of  head  gray  tinged  with  brown;  rest  of  upperparts  and  inner 
pair  of  light  stripes  pale  gray;  outer  pair  white;  median  stripe  pale 
brown,  becoming  black  in  center  of  back;  other  stripes  pale  brown 
darkest  posteriorly;  thighs  gray;  feet  and  hands  whitish;  flanks  pale 


28  CITELLUS. 

buff;  tail  above,  the  hairs  are  buff  at  base,  then  black  and  tipped  with 
buff;  beneath,  dark  buff  in  center  with  marginal  brownish  black  bands 
and  buffy  white  tips.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  194;  tail,  87;  hind  foot,  30.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  30;  Hensel,  24.2;  zygomatic  width,  17.3;  inter- 
temporal  width,  6;  length  of  nasals,  10.8;  palatal  length,  12.7;  length 
of  upper  molar  series,  5;  length  of  mandible,  11.2;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  5.2.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Genus  Citellus  (52).     Spermophiles. 
Subgenus  A.     l  Ammospermophilus. 

Citellus  leucurus  insularis  (Nelson  and  Goldman). 

Ammospermophilus  leucurus  insularis  Nels.  and  Goldm.,  Proc.  Biol. 
Soc.  Wash.,  XXII,  1909,  p.  24. 

Type  locality.     Espiritu  Santa  Island,  Lower  California,    Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  C.  leucurus  but  larger;  tail  beneath  grizzled 
with  black. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  upperparts  of  body  and  flanks  fawn-color; 
a  white  stripe  on  each  side  of  back;  shoulders  and  outer  side  of  hind 
legs  dull  fawn-color;  cheeks,  side  of  neck,  lower  parts  of  flanks  whitish; 
tail  above  blackish  with  white  intermixed,  and  a  white  subterminal 
band;  beneath  whitish  grizzled  wi  h  black  and  bordered  with  black. 
Type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  232;  tail,  77;  hind  foot,  36.  Skull: 
Total  length,  41.8;  Hensel,  32.4;  zygomatic  width,  24.6;  intertempo- 
ral  width,  10.5;  length  of  nasals,  12.6;  length  of  palate,  18.6;  length 
of  upper  molar  series,  6.4;  length  of  mandible,  18.4;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  7.1.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Subgenus  C.     Ictidomys. 

Citellus  tridecemlineatus  hollisteri  Bailey. 

Citellus  tridecemlineatus  hollisteri  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXVI,  1913,  p.  131. 

Type  locality.  Sacramento  Mountains,  New  Mexico.  Altitude, 
8000  feet. 


1 1  fail  to  find  any  distinctions  in  this  subgenus  or  in  Callospermophilus  so  tren- 
chant as  to  require  their  selection  from  the  rest  of  the  subgenera  of  Citellus  for  full 
specific  rank. 


CITELLUS.  29 

Genl.  Char.  Smaller  and  darker  than  C.  alleni.  Zygomatic 
arches  heavier,  more  widely  spread. 

Color.  Nose  yellowish  brown;  top  of  head  and  upper  parts  dark 
chestnut-brown;  six  whitish  stripes  from  head  to  tail,  and  four  rows 
of  whitish  spots  between  the  pale  stripes,  the  space  between  the 
median  stripes  having  a  buff-white  line  from  the  nape  to  beyond 
shoulders;  outer  side  of  arms  and  thighs  deep  buff;  uhderparts,  flanks, 
and  inner  side  of  limbs  cream  color;  lips  white;  tail  above  like  back 
at  base,  rest  tinged  black  and  whitish  buff  with  a  narrow  marginal 
line  of  the  same  color;  beneath  chestnut  at  base,  rest  like  upper  side; 
hands  buffy,  feet  whitish.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  232;  tail,  70;  hind  foot,  32.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  37.2;  Hensel,  28.5;  zygomatic  width,  10.7; 
intertemporal  width,  7.8;  length  of  nasals,  8;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  3.2;  length  of  mandible,  6.8;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  5.9. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Subgenus  D.     Callospermophilus. 

Citellus  trepidus  (Taylor). 

Callospermophilus  trepidus  Taylor,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  V, 
1910,  p.  283. 

Type  locality.  Head  of  Big  Creek,  Forest  Mountains,  Humboldt 
County,  Nevada.  Altitude,  8000  feet. 

Citellus  lateralis  tescorum  (Hollister). 

Callospermophilus  lateralis  tescorum  Hollist.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.; 
LVI,  1911,  No.  26,  p.  2. 

Type  locality.  Head  of  Moose  Pass  Branch  of  the  Smoky  River, 
Alberta,  Canada.  Altitude,  7000  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Nearest  to  C.  I.  cinerascens  but  larger,  colors  darker 
and  richer. 

Color.  Nose,  head,  neck  and  shoulders  Mars-brown;  orbital  ring 
whitish ;  upperparts  grizzled  brownish  gray,  darkest  on  rump ;  shoul- 
ders and  outer  sides  of  upperparts  of  arms  blackish ;  lateral  black  stripes 
from  shoulders  have  posterior  half  grizzled  brownish  gray ;  inner 
black  stripes  only  go  to  middle  of  body;  outer  side  of  legs  dark  brown; 
tail  above  mixed  black  and  buff;  beneath  with  a  central  cinnamon  area, 
with  a  lateral  black  band  bordered  with  cinnamon-buff.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  303;  tail,  105;  hind  foot,  45. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  46.3;  Hensel,  36.7;  zygomatic  width. 


30  CITELLUS. 

29.4 ;  intertemporal  width,  12.8;  length  of  nasals,  15.5;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  9;  length  of  mandible,  26.2;  length  of  lower  tooth  row, 
7.9.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Citellus  lateralis  arizonensis  (Bailey). 

Callospermophilus  lateralis  arizonensis  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc. 
Wash.,  XXVI,  1913,  p.  130. 

Type  locality.     San  Francisco  Mountains,  Arizona. 

Gen\  Char.  Larger  than  C.  lateralis;  somewhat  darker  in  color, 
chestnut  of  thighs  extending  over  feet  to  toes. 

Color.  Head  and  shoulders  suffused  with  golden-chestnut ;  upper- 
parts  brownish  gray;  on  each  flank  is  a  bread  black  and  buff  stripe; 
rump  and  outer  side  of  thighs  deep  chestnut  grading  to  yellowish  and 
becoming  buffy  on  the  feet;  underparts  whitish;  tail  similar  to  that 
of  lateralis.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  292;  tail,  102;  hind  foot,  44.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  45.9;  Hensel,  38.4;  zygomatic  width,  28.5; 
intertemporal  width,  12.1;  length  of  nasals,  16;  palatal  length,  21.5; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  8.5;  length  of  mandible,  22.3;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  8.2.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Mr.  Bailey  says  the  tail  " beneath  always  gray."  I  did  not  find 
this  to  be  so  on  comparing  a  series  of  the  present  form  with  one  of  C. 
lateralis.  The  last-named  species  is  paler  than  the  present  race  gen- 
erally, and  the  hind  feet  are  much  paler  than  the  thighs,  while  the  feet 
and  thighs  of  this  race  are  of  the  same  color. 


Subgenus  E.     Colobotis. 

Citellus  idahoensis  Merriam. 

Citellus  idahoensis  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI,  1913,  p. 

135- 

Type  locality.  Payette,  at  junction  of  Payette  and  Snake  River, 
Idaho.  Type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Genl.  Char.     Largest  of  the  C.  mollis  group. 

Color.  Two  phases  of  pelage:  Buff.  Top  of  head  reddish;  upper 
part  of  body  suffused  with  pale  buffy  fulvous,  the  back  spotted  with 
buff;  underparts  buffy  white;  tail  dark  fulvous,  with  broad  subapical 
black  band;  hands  and  feet  buffy.  Gray.  Top  of  head  grizzled  gray ; 
upperparts  pale  hoary  gray,  with  a  tinge  of  pale  buffy,  and  the  back 
dappled  with  whitish;  tail  like  back,  with  black  terminal  band;  eye- 
lids white;  hands  and  feet  whitish;  anterior  rims  of  ears  white.  Ex 
type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


CITELLUS.  31 

Measurements.  Total  length,  263;  tail,  61;  hind  foot,  35.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  41;  Hensel,  35.2;  zygomatic  width,  27.3; 
intertemporal  width,  10;  length  of  nasals,  12.9;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  9;  length  of  mandible,  22.2;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  8.4. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Citellus  leurodon  Merriam. 

Citellus  leurodon  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI,  1913,  p.  136. 

Type  locality.     Murphy,  southwestern  Idaho. 

Genl.  Char.     Like  C.  idahoensis,  tail  shorter,  underparts  white. 

Color.  Almost  exactly  like  the  gray  phase  of  C.  idahoensis,  but 
the  flanks  and  underparts  are  white  not  buff,  the  black  bases  of  the 
hairs  showing  and  dulling  the  white;  tail  buffy  gray  above,  darker 
beneath;  hands  and  feet  white.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  233;  tail,  47;  hind  foot,  33.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  37.7;  Hensel,  32.2;  zygomatic  width,  24.1; 
intertemporal  width;  8.6;  length  of  nasals,  12.7;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  8.2:  length  of  mandible,  19.6;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  8. 
Ex  type  United  States  National  Museum. 

Citellus  canus  vigilis  Merriam. 

Citellus  canus  vigilis  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI,  1913, 

P-  137- 

Type  locality.     Vale,  eastern  Oregon. 

Genl.  Char.  No  dappling  on  back;  tail  shorter  and  paler  than  in 
C.  idahosnsis.  Color  more  hoary- whitish  than  in  C.  canus.  Skull 
larger  and  heavier. 

Color.  General  hue  hoary-whitish  lined  with  black;  flanks  and 
underparts  whitish;  tail  like  back,  terminal  part  black,  hairs  tipped 
with  white;  thighs  to  feet  i eddish;  tail  above,  buff,  hairs  on  margin 
and  tips  with  white  ends;  beneath  darker.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum, 

Measurements.  Total  length,  208;  tail,  33;  hind  foot,  32.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  37.5;  Hensel,  31;  zygomatic  width,  25.6;  inter- 
temporal width,  10 ;  length  of  nasals,  12.7;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  7.7;  length  of  mandible,  22;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  7.3. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Citellus  mollis  artemisiae  Merriam. 

Citellus  mollis  artemisia  Merr.,   Proc.   Biol.   Soc.  Wash.,   XXVI, 

1913,  P-  137- 
Type  locality.     Birch   Creek,   Idaho. 


32 


CITELLUS. 


Genl.  Char.  Smallest  of  the  C.  mollis  group;  bullae  and  teeth 
smaller,  similar  to  C.  mollis. 

Color.  Nose  brown;  head  lightly  grizzled;  upperparts  mottled, 
with  hind  neck  and  shoulders  paler  than  lower  dorsal  region;  outer 
side  of  arms  whitish;  thighs  reddish;  flanks  and  underparts  white, 
black  bases  of  hairs  showing  through ;  tail,  above  like  back,  with  sub- 
terminal  black  band  and  white  tip;  beneath  buff;  hands  and  feet 
white.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  219;  tail,  45.5;  hind  foot,  26.4; 
(skin).  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  35.3;  Hensel,  28.2;  zygomatic 
width,  23;  intertemporal  width,  9.8;  length  of  nasals,  10.5;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,  7.3;  length  of  mandible,  20.4;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  6.5.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Citellus  mollis  pessimus  Merriam. 

Citellus  mollis  pessimus  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI,  1913, 
p.  138. 

Type  locality.     Lower  part  of  Big  Lost  River,  east  central  Idaho. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  C.  m.  artemisice,  but  larger  and  darker; 
rostrum  larger;  tooth  row  longer. 

Color.  Similar  to  C.  m.  artemisice  but  generally  darker  on  upper 
parts;  underparts  also  the  same  in  color  except  the  present  race  has  a 
slight  buffy  suffusion  at  base  of  tail;  tail  above  black  speckled  with 
buff  on  basal  half,  edged  and  tipped  with  white;  beneath  ochraceous- 
buff,  with  marginal  black  band  edged  with  white;  feet  and  hands 
whitish.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  246;  tail  to  end  of  hairs,  60.8;  hind 
foot,  24.4  (Skin);  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  36.7;  Hensel,  29.8; 
zygomatic  width,  23.5;  intertemporal  width,  9.5;  length  of  nasals, 
12.9;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  8.2;  length  of  mandible,  21.9; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  7.5;  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Citellus  mollis  washoensis  Merriam. 

Citellus  mollis  washoensis  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI, 
1913,  p.  138. 

Type  locality.     Carson  Valley,  western  Nevada. 

Genl.  Char.     Size  larger;  pelage  grizzled  gray  like  C.  canus. 

Color.  Similar  to  C.  m.  pessimus,  but  with  less  ochraceous-buff 
on  the  upperparts  which  is  gray  and  white  spotted;  underparts  buffy; 
tail  very  short,  ochraceous-buff  above,  paler  beneath;  hands  tinged 
with  buff,  feet  whitish.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.     Total  length,  258;   tail,  50;  hind  foot,  35.     Skull: 


CITELLUS. 


MARMOTA.  33 


Occipito-nasal  length,  39.6;  Hensel,  33.8;  zygomatic  width,  25;  inter- 
temporal  width,  9.6;  length  of  nasals,  10.6;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  8.4;  length  of  mandible,  23.3;  length  of  lower  molar  series, 
7.5.  .Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Subgenus  F.     Otospermophilus. 

Citellus  variegatus  juglans  Bailey. 

Citellus  variegatus  juglans  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI, 
1913,  p.  131. 

Type  locality.     Glenwood,   New   Mexico.     Altitude,   5000  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  C.  variegatus,  but  skull  broader,  teeth 
smaller. 

Color.  Head  rusty  and  black,  becoming  tawny  near  ears;  ears 
black;  hind  neck,  flanks  behind  shoulders  gray;  back  between  shoul- 
ders black  and  bilff ;  rest  of  back  ochraceous  and  cream  spotted;  under- 
parts  soiled  whitish  (some  examples  rusty  ochraceous);  hands  and 
feet  pale  ochraceous;  tail  above  has  the  hairs  gray  with  sub  terminal 
black  band,  and  a  marginal  band  edged  with  whitish;  beneath  prac- 
tically the  same  coloring.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  500;  tail,  230;  hind  foot,  65. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  60.9;  Hensel,  49.3;  zygomatic  width, 
38;  intertemporal  width,  13.6;  length  of  nasals,  22;  palatal  length, 
28.5;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  12;  length  of  mandible,  36.8; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  n.6.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Genus  Marmota  (54).     Woodchucks. 

Marmota  ochracea  Swarth. 

Marmota  ochracea  Swarth,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  VII,  1911,  p.  203. 
Type  locality.     Forty-mile  Creek,  Alaska. 

Marmota  vancouverensis  Swarth. 

Marmota  vancouverensis  Swarth,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  VII,  1911, 
p.  201. 

Type  locality.  Mount  Douglas,  Vancouver  Island,  British  Colum- 
bia, Canada. 

Marmota  vigilis  Heller. 

Marmota  vigilis  Heller,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  V,  1909,  p.  248. 
Type  locality.     West  shore  of  Glacier  Bay,  Alaska. 


34  MARMOTA. 

Marmota  oxytona  Hollister. 

Marmota  sibila  Hollist.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LVI,  1912,  p.   i. 

Marmota  oxytona  Hollist.,  Science,  XXXIX,  1914,  p.  251. 

Type  locality.  Head  of  Moose  Pass,  Branch  of  the  Smoky  River, 
Alberta,  Canada.  Altitude,  7,200  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Larger  than  M.  caligata;  colors  dark;  cheeks  ochra- 
ceous.  Skull  large;  teeth  a  little  smaller  than  those  of  species  com- 
pared. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  nape  grizzled  brown  and  black,  top  of 
nose  and  stripe  on  cheek  black;  forehead  in  center  white;  sides  of 
neck  ochraceous;  shoulders  and  upper  back  the  hairs  are  black  at 
base  then  white  and  tipped  with  brownish  black,  giving  a  grizzled, 
light  appearance  to  this  part;  lower  back  a  grizzled  brown,  black  and 
buff;  throat  ochraceous;  rest  of  underparts  brownish  gray,  becoming 
hazel  at  base  of  tail;  tail  above  black  bordered  and  tipped  with 
mummy-brown;  beneath  all  mummy-brown;  hands  and  feet  black, 
the  hands  with  a  few  white  hairs.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  720;  tail,  210;  hind  foot,  95. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  103.8;  Hensel,  88.2;  zygomatic  width, 
67;  intertemporal  width,  15;  palatal  length,  50.5;  length  of  nasals, 
44;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  22.8;  length  of  mandible,  72.9;  length 
of  lower  molar  series,  20.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Marmota  monax  rufescens  Howell. 

Marmota  monax  rufescens  Howell,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII, 
1914,  p.  13.  ( 

Type  locality.     Elk  River,  Minnesota. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  M.  monax  but  redder. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Southern  part  of  Minnesota,  Wisconsin,  Michigan, 
Ontario  and  the  greater  part  of  the  State  of  New  York. 

Color.  Upper  parts  from  nape  to  lower  back  ochraceous-buff ,  and 
from  middle  of  back  to  tail  darker  buff,  all  the  hairs  tipped  with  white ; 
flanks  like  lower  back;  top  of  head  blackish;  cheeks  and  upper  lip 
cream  white,  base  of  hairs  black;  outer  side  of  limbs  bright  chestnut, 
slightly  darker  than  limbs;  tail  blackish,  hairs  at  base  white-tipped, 
beneath  black,  tinged  with  chestnut;  hands  and  feet  black.  Ex  type 
in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  average  of  five,  548;  tail,  143; 
hind  foot,  83.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  85;  Hensel,  77.3;  zygo- 
matic width,  64.7;  intertemporal  width,  17.7;  length  of  nasals,  35; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  20.7;  length  of  mandible,  57.6;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  20.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


MARMOTA. 


35 


Marmota  monax  preblorum  Howell. 

Marmota  monax  preblorum  Howell,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII, 
1914,  p.  14- 

Type   locality.     Wilmington,    Massachusetts. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Connecticut,  north  to  Rutland,  Vermont  and  Ossi- 
pee,  New  Hampshire,  but  how  much  farther  its  range  may  extend  has 
not  been  ascertained. 

Genl.  Char.  Very  similar  to  M .  m.  rufescens  but  paler,  light  buff 
on  upperparts,  hairs  white-tipped;  top  of  head  seal-brown;  under- 
parts  pale  chestnut;  tail  at  root  inclined  to  grayish,  rest  of  tail  above 
and  below  like  that  of  M.  m.  rufescens;  hands  and  feet  black.  Ex 
type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

,  Measurements.  Total'  length,  500;  tail,  140;  hind  foot,  80. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  87.8;  Hensel,  76.3;  zygomatic  width, 
57.4;  intertemporal  width,  17;  length  of  nasals,  35.1;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  17.7;  length  of  mandible,  48.6;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  17.7.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Marmota  flaviventer  parvula  Howell. 

M armota  flaviventer  parvula  Howell,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII, 
1914,  p.  14. 

Type  locality.     Jefferson,  Nye  County,  Nevada. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Known  only  from  the  Toyabe  and  Toquima  Ranges, 
Nevada,  but  probably  will  be  found  in  the  other  ranges  in  the  central 
part  of  the  State. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  M .  f.  avara  but  smaller  and  darker. 

Color.  Band  above  nose  black;  lips  and  chin  whitish;  top  of 
head  and  nape  dark  chestnut;  upperparts  pale  buff  to  middle  of  back, 
darker  on  lower  back  to  tail,  all  hairs  tipped  with  white;  flanks  like 
lower  back;  throat  and  middle  of  abdomen  pale  chestnut;  chest  deep 
buff;  thighs  and  scrotum  pale  buff;  cheeks  black,  white-spotted ;  arms 
.buff;  hands  reddish,  feet  buff;  tail  above  chestnut  speckled  sparsely 
with  white  on  basal  half;  beneath  blackish.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  470;  tail,  130;  hind  foot,  70.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  72.2;  Hensel,  62;  zygomatic  width,  48.6;  inter- 
temporal  width,  19.3;  length  of  nasals,  29.3;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  18.6;  length  of  mandible,  46;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  18.3. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Marmota  flaviventer  nosophora  Howell. 

Marmota  flaviventer   nosophora   Howell,    Proc.   Biol.   Soc.   Wash., 
XXVII,  1914,  p.  15. 


36  MARMOTA. 

Type  locality.  Willow  Creek,  7  miles  east  of  Corvallis,  Montana. 
Altitude,  4000  feet. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Northern  Rocky  Mountain  region  from  Flathead 
Lake,  Montana,  south  to  the  Wahsatch  Mountains,  Utah,  and  east 
to  the  Bighorn  Mountains,  Wyoming. 

Color.  Nose  white  with  a  black  bar  near  tip ;  lips  and  chin  white ; 
top  of  head  black,  white  intermixed;  upper  half  of '  back  and  flanks 
golden-yellow;  lower  back  with  central  portion  black,  hairs,  white- 
tipped,  remainder  slightly  darker  than  upper  back;  arms,  hands  and 
underparts  burnt-sienna;  thighs  golden-buff,  feet  darker;  tail  above 
chestnut,  beneath  black  margined  with  chestnut.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  583;  tail,  170;  hind  foot,  75.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  79.3;  Hensel,  78.8;  zygomatic  width,  53.2; 
length  of  nasals,  33;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  20;  length  of  man- 
dible, 58.2;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  13.4.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Marmota  flaviventer  luteola  Howell. 

Marmota  flaviventer  luteola  Howell,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII, 
1914,  p.  15. 

Type  locality.  Woods  P.  O.,  in  Medicine  Bow  Mountains,  Wyo- 
ming. Altitude,  about  7000  feet. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Mountains  of  northern  Colorado,  and  southeastern 
Wyoming,  from  the  Laramie  Mountains  south  to  Park  County,  Colo- 
rado. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  M.  dacota  and  M.  f.  nosophora  but  paler, 
less  deeply  ochraceous  above;  skull  with  longer  ro'strum  and  smaller 
audital  bullae. 

Color.  Head  like  M .  f.  nosophora;  upper  part  of  back  light  buff, 
all  hairs  tipped  with  white;  lower  back  much  darker,  more  like  under- 
parts, and  the  white  much  less  conspicuous;  chin  and  upper  part  of 
throat  yellowish  white;  rest  of  underparts  ochraceous-tawny,  palest 
near  tail;  limbs,  hands  and  feet  similar  to  those  of  M.  f.  nosophora,  but 
fingers  and  toes  mixed  black  and  buff;  tail  above  reddish  on  basal 
half,  remainder  much  paler,  almost  ochraceous;  beneath  black  edged 
with  tawny.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  650;  tail,  182;  hind  foot,  90. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  87.5;  Hensel,  75.5;  zygomatic  width, 
50.4;  intertemporal  width,  15.9;  length  of  nasals,  35.1;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,  21 ;  length  of  mandible,  56.9;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  20.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


MARMOTA.  37 

Marmota  flaviventer  warreni  Howell. 

Marmota  flaviventer  warreni  Howell,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII y 
1914,  p.  16. 

Type  locality.     Crested  Butte,  Colorado. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Western  Colorado,  limits  of  range  unknown. 

Gent.  Char.  Size  large;  color  deep  red;  skull  large,  rostrum  long, 
slender. 

Color.  Head  chestnut-red;  upper  parts  reddish,  hairs  white- 
tipped;  arms  above  and  beneath,  and  underparts  tawny-ochraceous ; 
underpart  of  thighs  ochraceous-buff;  hands  chestnut,  feet  dark  red; 
tail  above  tawny-red,  beneath  chestnut.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  565;  tail,  131;  hind  foot,  82. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  90.5;  Hensel,  79;  zygomatic  width,  59; 
intertemporal  width,  16.5;  length  of  nasals,  38.5;  length  of  mandible, 
58;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  19.5.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Marmota  flaviventer  obscura  Howell. 

Mar mota  flaviventer  obscura  Howell,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII, 
1914,  p.  16. 

Type  locality.  Wheeler  Peak,  5  miles  south  of  Twining,  New  Mex- 
ico. Altitude,  11,300  feet. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Upper  slopes  above  timber  line  of  the  high  peaks  in 
northern  New  Mexico  and  southern  Colorado,  from  the  Pecos  River 
Mountains  north  to  the  Sangre  de  Christo  and  San  Juan  Ranges, 
Colorado. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  large;  tail  long;  colors  dark;  skull  like  that  of 
M.  dacota  but  the  palatal  foramina  are  narrower. 

Color.  Head  and  nape  dark  chestnut;  upperparts  chestnut-brown, 
hairs  white-tipped;  base  of  hairs  black  followed  by  buff;  lips  and 
chin  white;  underparts,  sides  of  chest  and  belly  like  upperparts  but 
darker ;  middle  of  chest  and  abdomen  buff y ;  hands  and  feet  blackish 
chestnut;  tail  above  dark  ochraceous-buff,  beneath  black  in  center 
margined  by  dark  ochracoeus-buff .  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum.  , 

Measurements.  Total  length,  "average  of  three,  655;  tail,  204; 
hind  foot,  90.7.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  83.9;  Hensel,  72.8; 
zygomatic  width,  59.4;  intertemporal  width,  16.3;  length  of  nasals, 
34.2;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  20;  length  of  mandible,  57.7; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  18.7;  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 


38  MARMOTA. 

Marmota  caligata  cascadensis  Howell. 

Marmota  caligata  cascadensis  Howell,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXVII,  1914,  p.  17. 

Type  locality.     Mt.  Rainier,  Washington. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Mt.  Rainier,  Washington,  to  the  Mount  Baker 
Range,  British  Columbia. 

Gent.  Char.     Size  large;   similar  in  color  to  M.  caligata. 

Color.  Nose,  and  extending  back  to  eyes  white,  a  black  band 
across  nose  near  tip ;  rest  of  head  above  mixed  black  and  white;  sides 
of  head  grizzled;  entire  upperparts  and  sides  yellowish  white;  outer 
side  of  arms  and  entire  hind  legs  yellowish  white;  inner  side  of  arms 
and  underparts  a  mixture  of  pale  and  dark  buff;  tail  above  mixed  buff 
and  reddish,  beneath  dark  reddish  and  black;  hands  and  feet  black. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  740;  tail,  230;  hind  foot,  107. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  101;  Hensel,  85.2;  zygomatic  width, 
66.2;  intertemporal  width,  15.3;  length  of  nasals,  42.4;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,  23;  length  of  mandible,  68.3;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  21.1.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Marmota  caligata  nivaria  Howell. 

Marmota  caligata  nivaria  Howell,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII, 
1914,  p.  17. 

Type  locality.     Upper  St.  Mary's  Lake,  Montana,  Altitude,  6100  ft. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Type  locality  to  Bitterroot  and  Salmon  River 
Mountains,  Idaho. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  M .  oxytona  but  whiter. 

Color.  Forehead  white,  rest  of  head  mixed  black  and  white; 
back  from  head  to  lumbar  region  and  flanks  white;  hairs  blackish 
white-tipped  on  small  of  the  back;  rump  ochraceous,  with  hairs  black- 
tipped;  underparts  grayish  white,  inclined  to  buff  towards  tail;  tail 
above  and  below  reddish,  black  at  base,  hairs  white- tipped ;  hands 
and  feet  black.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length  "average  of  four,"  751;  tail,  224; 
hind  foot,  105.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  99.3;  Hensel,  86.5; 
zygomatic  width,  64.7;  intertemporal  width,  14.2;  length  of  nasals, 
39.7;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  21.7;  length  of  mandible,  66.5; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  19.5.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Marmota  caligata  sheldoni  Howell. 

Marmota  caligata  sheldoni  Howell,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII, 

1914,  p.    18. 
Type,    locality.     Montague    Island,    Alaska. 


CASTOR.  39 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  M.  caligata,  but  smaller;  skull  has  shorter 
nasals  and  the  premaxillae  narrower. 

Color.  Nose  white;  head  on  top  black;  sides  of  neck  and  shoul- 
ders iron-gray,  as  are  also  the  flanks;  hind  neck  and  between  shoulders 
grayish  white;  lower  back  and  rump  buff,  hairs  tipped  with  black; 
underparts  whitish;  tail  all  around  reddish,  tip  black;  hands  and 
feet  black.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  670;  tail,  185;  hind  foot,  94. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  88.5;  Hensel,  77.9;  zygomatic  width, 
61.5;  intertemporal  width,  17;  length  of  nasals,  33.4;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  22.6;  length  of  mandible,  67.4;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  20.2.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Family  Castoridae.     Beavers. 
Genus  Castor  (57). 

Castor  canadensis  phaeus  Heller. 

Castor  canadensis  phceus  Heller,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  V,  1909, 

p.  250. 
Type  locality.     Pleasant  Bay,  Admiralty  Islands,  Alaska. 

Castor  subauratus  Taylor. 

Castor  subauratus  Taylor,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  X,  1912,  p.  167. 

Type  locality.  Grayson,  San  Joaquin  River,  Stanislaus  County, 
California. 

Castor  canadensis  texensis  Bailey. 

Castor  canadensis  texensis  Bailey,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  25,  1905, 

p.  122. 
TEXAS  BEAVER. 

Type  locality.     Cummings  Creek,  Colorado  County,  Texas. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Eastern  Texas. 

Genl.  Char.  Coloration  pale;  skull  with  short  sagittal  crest,  lateral 
ridges  lyrate  or  spreading;  supra-occipital  crest  doubly  curved;  nasals 
long,  spatulate,  tapering  to  a  point  posteriorly. 

Color.  Pale  brown  above,  beneath  ash-gray.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Hind  foot,  .74;  naked  portion  of  tail,  265  long, 
113  wide  (dry  skin).  Skull:  basal  length,  136;  nasals,  57;  breadth 
of  nasals,  30;  zygomatic  breadth,  107;  intertemporal  breadth,  29; 


40  CASTOR. 

mastoid  breadth,  67;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  32;  length  of  man- 
dible, 110.9;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  39.4.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Castor  canadensis  leucodontus  Gray. 

Castor  canadensis  leucodontus  Gray,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist., 
Ser.  4,  IV,  1869,  p.  293;  Osgood,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX, 
1907,  p.  47. 

Castor  canadensis  pacificus  Rhoads,  Proc.  Am.  Philos.  Soc.,  N.  S., 
XIX,  1898,  pp.  422-423,  pi.  xxi,  fig.  i,  pi.  xxii,  fig.  i;  Elliot, 
Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  F.  C.  M.  Pub.,  II,  1901,  p.  117,  Zool. 
Ser.;  Id.  Check-List  Mamm.  N.  Am.  Cont.  and  West  Indies, 
F.  C.  M.  Pub.,  VI,  1905,  p.  129. 

Type  locality.  Lake  Kichelos,  Cascade  Mountains,  Kittiloss 
County,  Washington. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Pacific  Slope;    California  to  Alaska. 

This  well-known  species  has  usually  been  recognized  as   C.   c. 

pacificus,  the  name  bestowed  upon  it  by  Rhoads  (I.  c.},  but  Osgood 

has  shown  (1.  c.)  that  the  name  C.  c.  leucodontus  was  given  it  by  Gray 

(/.  c.)  as  far  back  as  1869,  and  that  is  the  one  it  must  bear  in  the  future. 

Castor  canadensis  michiganensis  Bailey. 

Castor  canadensis  michiganensis  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXVI,  1913,  p.  192. 

Type  locality.  Tahquamenaw  River,  five  miles  above  falls,  Luce 
County,  Michigan. 

Genl.  Char.  Color  dark;  ears,  hands  and  feet  black.  Skull  short, 
wide,  zygomatic  arches  wide;  rostrum  short;  nasals  constricted  pos- 
teriorly; occipital  crest  present. 

Color.  Head  and  cheeks  mahogany-brown;  upperparts  dark 
umber-brown;  underparts  blackish  on  breast,  rest  like  upperparts 
but  darker;  flanks  blackish;  ears,  hands  and  feet  black.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  1170;  tail,  470;  hind  foot,  183. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  26.2;  intertemporal  width,  25.5;  Hen- 
sel,  115.2;  zygomatic  width,  96.4;  length  of  nasals,  46;  palatal  length, 
28.3;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  29.4;  mastoid  breadth,  65;  length 
of  mandible,  92.7;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  31.4.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Castor  canadensis  mexicanus  Bailey. 

Castor  canadensis  mexicanus  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI, 
P-  iQ1- 


CASTOR.  EPINOMYS.  41 

Type  locality.  Ruidoso  Creek,  six  miles  below  Ruidoso,  New 
Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Medium  size,  pale  in  hue  and  but  little  of  the  chest- 
nut color.  Skull,  short,  wide;  rostrum  and  nasals  wide. 

Color.  Above  dull  russet,  crown  brighter;  cheeks  and  rump  paler; 
underparts  drab,  sometimes  buffy  gray;  hands  and  feet  dark  drab, 
with  some  chestnut  color  on  feet;  flanks  dark  drab.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  1072;  tail,  400;  hind  foot,  172. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  145.6;  zygomatic  width,  101;  Hensel, 
122.6;  length  of  nasals  (medium),  48.7;  palatal  length,  32.9;  length 
of  upper  molar  series,  30;  length  of  mandible,  110.5;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  35.3.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Castor  caecator  Bangs. 

Castor  creator  Bangs,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  54,  1913,  p.  513. 
Type  locality.     Bay  St.  George,  Newfoundland. 


Family  Muridae.     Rats,  Mice,  Voles. 

Subfamily  Murinae. 

Genus  Epinomys. 

Rattus  Fitzinger,   Sitzungsb.   Math.-Naturw.   Clas.   Kong.  Akad. 

Wiss.  Wien,  LVI,  1867,  Pt.  II,  p.  63.     Type  Mus  rattus  Linn. 

(nee  Rattus  Donovan,  1827). 
Epimys    (Epinomys)    Trouess.,   Bull.   Soc.   d'Etudes   Sci.   Angers, 

1881,  X,  p.   117. 

In  a  paper  published  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Society 
of  Washington,  Vol.  XXIII,  1910,  p.  57,  on  "The  Generic  name  of 
the  House  Rats,"  Mr.  G.  S.  Miller,  Jr.,  shows  that  the  term  Epimys 
(Epinomys)  Trouessart  should  be  applied  to  the  House  Rats,  of  which 
by  tautonymy,  Rattus  domesticus  Fitzinger  =  M us  rattus  Linn.,  is  the 
type;  and  that  Mus  musculus  should  typify  the  genus  Mus  Linnaeus.1 

The  introduced  species  occurring  in  North  America  would  there- 
fore stand  as  follows : 

1  [Since  the  above  was  written  by  Dr.  Elliot  further  research  has  shown  that 
Rattus  Fischer,  1803,  antedates  Epimys  for  the  same  group  by  many  years.  (Cf. 
Hollister,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Washington,  XXIX,  p.  206,  and  the  references  there  cited.) 
— •  EDITOR.] 


42  EPINOMYS.  ONYCHOMYS. 

Epinomys  rattus  (Linnaeus). 
Epinomys  norwegicus  (Erxleben). 
Epinomys  alexandrinus  (E.  Geoffroy). 

Subfamily  Cricetinae. 
Genus  Onychomys  (59). 

Onychomys  torridus  clarus  Hollister. 

Onychomys  torridus  clarus  Hollister,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI, 
1913,  p.  215. 

Type  locality,     Keeler,  Inyo  County,  California. 

Gent.  Char.  Like  O.  t.  longicaudus  but  brighter  colored  and  with 
very  little  dark  streaking  above.  Anterior  palatine  foramina  reaching 
to  anterior  line  of  first  .molars. 

Color.  Head  pinkish  cinnamon;  cheeks,  white;  upperparts  bright 
pinkish  cinnamon,  hairs  with  subapical  buff  band;  underparts,  limbs, 
hands  and  feet  white,  under-fur  neutral  gray;  grayish  brown  on  upper 
side  of  tail  for  two-thirds  its  length,  remainder  above  and  below  white. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  143;  tail,  51;  hind  foot,  20.5;  ear, 
15.7.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  25;  Hensel,  18.5;  zygomatic 
width,  13.2;  intertemporal  width,  5 ;  length  of  nasals,  9  6 ;  breadth  of 
braincase,  n.6;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  3.5;  length  of  mandible, 
11.4;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  3.4.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Onychomys  leucogaster  capitulatus  Hollister. 

Onycomys  leucogaster  capitulatus  Hollister,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXVI,  1913,  p.  215. 

Type  locality.  Prospect  Valley,  Hualpai  Indian  Reservation, 
Grand  Canon,  Arizona.  Altitude,  4500  feet. 

Genl.  Char.     Like  O.  1.  ruidosa  but  darker.     Skull  smaller. 

Color.  Upperparts  mixed  cinnamon  and  black,  the  latter  color 
most  prominent  on  lower  back  and  rump;  cheeks  paler  cinnamon; 
flanks  like  back;  underparts  and  limbs,  hands  and  feet  white;  tail 
dark  brown  on  basal  half  above,  beneath  white.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  142;  tail,  43;  hind  foot,  21;  ear, 
14.6;  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  29.1;  Hensel,  20.6;  zygomatic 
width,  14;  intertemporal  width,  4.7;  breadth  of  braincase,  13;  length 
of  nasals,  9.2;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  3.8;  length  of  mandible, 


ONYCHOMYS.  43 

12.4;    length  of  lower  molar  series,  4.2.     Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Onychomys  leucogaster  breviauritus  Hollister. 

Oriychomys  leucogaster  breviauritus  Hollister,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXVI,  1913,  p.  216. 

Type  locality.     Fort  Remo,  Oklahoma. 

Genl.  Char.  Like  0.  I.  longipes  but  darker,  with  shorter  tail, 
smaller  hind  feet  and  ears. 

Color.  Head  and  back  blackish  brown,  the  color  coming  from  the 
tips  of  the  hairs,  the  color  of  the  remaining  apical  part  being  pinkish 
cinnamon;  cheeks  and  flanks  paler,  hips  and  lower  rump  cinnamon; 
nose  gray;  spots  at  base  of  whiskers  cinnamon;  underparts,  limbs, 
hands  and  feet  white;  tail  above  grayish  brown,  beneath  white;  ear- 
tufts  cinnamon-buff.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  164;  tail,  42;  hind  foot,  2;  ear, 
13.2.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  29.5;  Hensel,  23.8;  zygomatic 
width,  15.1;  intertemporal  width,  4.8;  width  of  braincase,  12.5; 
length  of  nasals  (median),  11.2;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  4.6; 
length  of  mandible,  14.3;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  4.9.  Ex  type 
in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Onychomys  leucogaster  fuscogriseus  Anthony. 

Onychomys  leucogaster  fuscogriseus  Anthony,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  XXII,  1913,  p.  ii. 

Type  locality.     Ironside,  Malheur  County,  Oregon. 

Genl.  Char.  Smaller  than  O.  leucogaster  and  the  adult  pelage 
darker,  more  a  pale  cinnamon-rufous  than  the  ochraceous-buff  of  the 
species  compared;  hind  feet  smaller. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  upperparts  dark  gray  with  a  slight  inter- 
mixture of  pale  cinnamon-rufous;  sides  of  head  and  face  paler  gray; 
orbital  ring  blackish;  nose,  lips,  cheeks,  flanks,  entire  underparts, 
arms,  outer  side  of  thighs  pure  white;  tail  above  for  three-fourths  its 
length  paler  than  the  back,  more  of  a  pale  cinnamon-rufous,  remain- 
ing portion  and  underpart  white;  ears  very  dark  gray,  almost  blackish, 
with  basal  tufts  and  tips  white.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of 
Natural  History. 

A  somewhat  older  specimen  has  the  head  and  entire  upperparts  a 
pale  cinnamon-rufous,  both  .much  darker  in  color  than  the  upperparts 
of  O.  leucogaster,  and  there  is  very  little  of  the  gray  exhibited  which 
is  the  dominant  color  of  the  type  of  the  present  species. 

Measurements.     Total  length,  140;  hind  foot,  34;  tail,  20.     Skull: 


44  PEROMYSCUS. 

Occipito-nasal  length,  25.7;  Hensel,  14.2;  zygomatic  width,  12.7; 
intertemporal  width,  4.5;  length  of  nasals,  10;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  4.3;  length  of  mandible,  8.7;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  3.8. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

It  is  worthy  of  consideration  whether,  on  account  of  the  great 
difference  in  color  and  size,  and  the  northern  habitat,  this  mouse  is 
not  entitled  to  full  specific  rank,  instead  of  being  classed  as  a  subspecies. 


Genus  Peromyscus  (60). 
Subgenus  Baiomys. 

Peromyscus  taylori  subater  Bailey. 

Peromyscus  taylori  subater  Bailey,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  25,  1905, 
p.  102. 

Type  locality.  Bernard  Creek,  near  Columbia,  Brazoria  County, 
Texas. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  P.  taylori,  but  darker. 

Color.  Entire  upperparts  sooty-gray;  underparts  buffy.  Ex 
type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  91;  tail,  37;  hind  foot,  15.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  18.1;  Hensel,  13.2;  zygomatic  width,  10; 
intertemporal  width,  3.6;  length  of  nasals,  6.3;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  3;  length  of  mandible,  7.7;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  3.1. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Peromyscus  taylori  analogus  Osgood. 

Peromyscus  taylori  analogus  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  28,  1909, 
p.  256.' 

Type  locality.     Zamora,  Michoacan,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  P.  t.  subater,  darker  than  P.  paulus. 

Color.  Upperparts  blackish  sepia;  flanks  sepia;  underparts  slaty 
gray,  washed  with  wood-brown;  hands,  feet  and  toes  dusky  brown 
and  grayish;  tail,  black  above,  paler  below.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  no;  tail,  48;  hind  foot,  14;  ear, 
9.9.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  17.5;  Hensel,  13.4;  zygomatic 
width,  9.7;  intertemporal  width,  3.4;  length  of  nasals,  5.5;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,  3.3;  length  of  mandible,  8.1 ;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  2.6.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


PEROMYSCUS.  45 


Subgenus  Megadontomys. 

Peromyscus  pirrensis  Goldman. 

Peromyscus  pirrensis  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX,  No.  2,  1912, 

P-  5- 

Type  locality.  Near  head  of  Rio  Limon,  Mount  Pirri,  eastern 
Panama. 

Gent.  Char.  Size  large,  similar  to  P.  fiamdus,  but  with  a  longer 
hind  foot;  color  darker.  Skull  with  a  slender  rostrum,  first  upper 
molar  very  narrow. 

Color.  Upperparts  cinnamon-rufous,  the  black  bases  of  hairs 
showing;  rump  rusty;  flanks  orange-buff;  underparts  creamy  white; 
fingers  of  hands  white;  hind  feet  whitish,  the  metatarsus  brown; 
tail  brown  above,  slightly  paler  beneath.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  348;  tail,  185;  hind  foot,  35.5. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  40.5;  Hensel,  31.5;  zygomatic  width, 
19;  intertemporal  width,  6;  length  of  nasals,  15.3;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  5.7;  length  of  mandible,  17;  length  of  lower  molar  series, 
5.7.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Subgenus  Haplomylomys. 

Peromyscus  eremicus  insulicola  Osgood. 

Peromyscus  eremicus  insulicola  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  28, 
1909,  p.  246. 

Type  locality.  Espiritu  Santo  Island,  off  east  coast  of  Lower 
California,  Mexico. 

Gent.  Char.  Similar  to  P.  e.  eva,  but  somewhat  darker;  pectoral 
stripe  prominent. 

Color.  Upperparts  mixed  ochraceous-buff  and  dusky;  underparts 
creamy  white;  buff  line  on  center  of  chest;  tail  above  dusky,  lighter 
beneath.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  196;  tail.  115;  hind  foot,  20;  ear, 
16.5.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  25.3;  Hensel,  18.9;  zygomatic 
width,  12.4;  intertemporal  width,  3.9;  length  of  nasals,  8.5;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,  3.9;  length  of  mandible,  11.2;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  3.7.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Peromyscus  eremicus  avius  Osgood. 

Peromyscus  eremicus  avius  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  28,  1909, 
p.  247. 


46  PEROMYSCUS. 

Type  locality.  Ceralbo  Island,  off  east  coast  of  Lower  California, 
Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  P.  e.  eva,  but  larger,  ears  smaller,  teeth 
larger. 

Color.  Upperparts  like  P.  e.  eva  mixed  ochraceous  and  dusky; 
entire  underparts  cream-buff;  tail  above,  blackish  brown,  beneath 
dull  white.  No  pectoral  spot.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  212;  tail,  108.2;  hind  foot,  28.3 
(skin).  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  25.6;  Hensel,  20;  zygomatic 
width,  13.2;  intertemporal  width,  4;  length  of  nasals,  10.2;  length  of 
mandible,  12.4;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  4.5.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Peromyscus  eremicus  polypolius  Osgood. 

Peromyscus  eremicus  polypolius  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  28, 
1909,  p.  248. 

Type  locality.  Margarita  Island,  off  the  east  coast  of  southern 
California,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  P.  e.  eva,  but  grayer;  rostrum  more  de- 
pressed; braincase  shorter,  more  inflated. 

Color.  Upperparts  a  mixture  of  gray,  dusky  and  pinkish  buff, 
grayest  on  head  and  shoulders;  a  narrow  streak  on  cheeks  and  lower 
sides  pale  ochraceous  buff;  underparts  pale  cream-buff;  hands  and 
feet  white,  ankles  dusky;  tail  above  dusky,  beneath  mixed  whitish 
gray  and  dusky.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  192;  tail,  99.5;  hind  foot,  17.5  (skin). 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  24;  Hensel,  17.5;  zygomatic  width, 
1 2. i ;  intertemporal  width,  4.2;  length  of  nasals,  8.70;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  3.7;  length  of  mandible,  9.2;  length  of  lower  molar  series 
4.1.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Peromyscus  eremicus  carmeni  Townsend. 

Peromyscus  eremicus  carmeni  Townsend,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
XXXI,  1912,  p.  126. 

Type  locality.     Carmen  Island,  Gulf  of  California,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  P.  e.  eva,  but  grayer,  less  rufescent. 

Color.  Forepart  of  head  and  nose  grayish  buff;  top  of  head  and 
entire  Upperparts  pale  ochraceous-buff;  finely  lined  with  black;  flanks 
pale  ochraceous-buff;  entire  underparts  and  inner  side  of  limbs  white, 
the  plumbeous  under-fur  showing,  especially  on  the  hind  legs;  hands 
and  feet  white,  tail  above  dark  brown,  beneath  whitish.  Ex  type 
in  United  States  National  Museum. 


PEROMYSCUS.  47 

Measurements.  Total  length,  206;  tail,  116;  hind  foot,  21.  Skull: 
Total  length,  25.5;  Hensel,  19.4;  zygoma  tic  width,  12.5;  intertempo- 
ral  width,  4;  length  of  nasals,  10.2;  length  of  upper  tooth  row,  3.7; 
length  of  mandible,  13.2;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  3.3.  Ex  type 
in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Peromyscus  stephani  Townsend. 

Peromyscus  stephani  Townsend,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXXI, 
1912,  p.  126. 

Type  locality.     San  Esteban  Island,  Gulf  of  California,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  in  color  to  P.  eremicus,  tail  slightly  shorter. 
Skull  has  a  greater  inter  temporal  width,  and  a  broader,  heavier  ros- 
trum, and  the  nasals  extend  beyond  premaxillaries. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  yellowish  gray  mixed  with  black, 
darkest  on  dorsal  line;  flanks  rich  buff;  entire  underparts  and  inner 
side  of  legs  white;  base  of  fur  black;  outer  side  of  legs  like  flanks; 
hands  and  feet  white;  tail  above  dark  brown,  becoming  blackish  on 
terminal  third.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  TotaHength,  199;  tail,  100;  hind  foot,  23.  Skull: 
Occipital  region  lacking;  skull  broken;  zygomatic  width,  14;  inter- 
temporal  width,  4.3;  length  of  nasals,  10.3;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  4;  length  of  mandible,  12;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  4.1. 
Ex. type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Peromyscus   guardia    Townsend. 

Peromyscus  guardia  Townsend,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXXI, 
1912,  p.  126. 

Type  locality.  Angel  de  la  Guardia  Island,  Gulf  of  California, 
Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Larger  than  P.  eremicus;  rostrum  longer;  incisive 
foramina  longer  reaching  anterior  plane  of  first  molar. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  yellowish  gray  mixed  with  black, 
lightest  on  head,  darkest  on  lower  back  and  rump;  flanks  pale  orange- 
buff;  entire  underparts  white,  base  of  fur  plumbeous;  outer  side  of 
limbs  like  flanks;  hands  and  feet  white;  tail  above  at  base  very  pale 
yellowish  brown,  grading  to  darker  brown  on  central  portion,  and 
becoming  blackish  on  terminal  third.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  214;  tail,  114;  hind  foot,  23.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  26;  Hensel,  20;  zygomatic  width,  12.4;  inter- 
temporal  width,  4;  length  of  nasals,  11.7;  palatal  length,  8.5;  length 
of  upper  molar  series,  3.9;  length  of  mandible,  9.9;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  3.5.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


48  PEROMYSCUS. 


Subgenus  Peromyscus. 

Peromyscus  maniculatus  argentatus  Copeland  and  Church. 

Peromyscus  canadensis  argentatus  Copel.  and  Church,  Proc.  Biol. 
Soc.  Wash.,  XIX,  1906,  p.  122. 

Type  locality.     Grand  Harbor,  Grand  Manan,  New  Brunswick. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Island  of  Grand  Manan,  New  Brunswick. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  P.  m.  abietorum  but  larger,  color  different; 
pronounced  dark  patch  in  front  of  eye. 

Color.  Upperparts  slate-gray;  dorsal  line  darker;  underparts  white, 
base  of  hairs  plumbeous;  dark  patch  in  front  of  eye;  hands  and  feet 
white;  tail  above  black,  beneath  white.  Type  in  United  States  Na- 
tional Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  179.5;  tail,  87;  hind  foot,  21.5; 
ear,  17.5.  Skull:  Greatest  length,  26.4;  basilar  length,  20;  palatal 
length,  ii ;  zygomatic  width,  13.7;  mastoid  breadth,  n.i;  intertem- 
poral  width,  4;  length  of  nasals,  10.3;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  3; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  3.4;  length  of,  mandible,  16.4.  Type  in 
the  United  States  National  Museum. 

Peromyscus  maniculatus  eremus  Osgood. 

Peromyscus  maniculatus  eremus  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  28, 
1909,  p.  47. 

Type  Locality.  Pleasant  Bay,  Grindstone  Island,  Magdalen  Islands, 
Quebec. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  P.  m.  abietorum,  but  darker  and  with  a 
shorter  tail. 

Color.  Orbital  ring  and  spot  at  base  of  whiskers  dusky;  upper- 
parts  russet  and  dusky  mixed;  underparts  cream  white;  tail  bicolor 
above,  beneath  white.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  183;  tail,  83;  hind  foot,  21;  ear, 
15.7.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  26.1;  Hensel,  19.6;  zygomatic 
width,  13.1;  intertemporal  width,  3.8;  length  of  nasals,  10.7;  length 
of  upper  molar  series,  4.1;  length  of  mandible,  11.5,  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  4.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Peromyscus  maniculatus  borealis  Mearns. 

Peromyscus  maniculatus  borealis  Mearns,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 

XXIV,  1911,  p.  102. 
Hesperomys  leucopus  arcticus  Mearns,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 

II,  1890,  p.  285  (nee  Coues). 
Peromyscus  texensis  arcticus  Elliot,  Check-List   Mamm.   N.   Am. 


PEROMYSCUS.  49 

Cont.  and  W.  Indies,  F.  C.  M.  Pub.,  VI,  1905,  p.   146,  No. 
,    287  d.,  Zool.  Ser. 

Peromyscus  maniculatus  arcticus  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  19, 
.1900,  p.  33. 

Peromyscus  maniculatus  nebrascensis  (Coues). 

Hesperomys  sonoriensis  var.  nebrascensis  Baird,  Mamm.  N.  Amer., 

1857,  p.  462  (nomen  nudum). 
Hesperomys  sonoriensis  var.  nebrascensis  Coues,  N.  Am.  Rodent., 

1877,  p.  79,     (Specimens  ex  Deer  Creek,  Nebraska). 
Peromyscus  luteus  Osgood,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XVIII,  1905, 

p.  77  (ex  Kennedy,  Nebraska). 
Peromyscus  maniculatus  nebrascensis  Mearns,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 

XXIV,  1911,  p.  102;  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  28,  1909,  p.  77. 
Type  locality.     Deer  Creek,  Nebraska. 

Peromyscus  maniculatus  osgoodi  Mearns. 

Peromyscus  maniculatus  osgoodi  Mearns,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 

XXIV,  1911,  p.  102. 
Hesperomys  leucopus  nebrascensis  Mearns,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat. 

Hist.,  II,  1890,  p.  285. 
Peromyscus  texensis  nebrascensis  Elliot,  Check-List  Mamm.  N.  Am. 

Cont.  and  W.  Indies,  VI,  1905,  p.  146,  Zool.  Ser. 
Peromyscus  maniculatus  nebrascensis  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No. 

28,  1909,  p.  75. 

Type  locality.  Calf  Creek,  Custer  County,  Nebraska. 
Dr.  Mearns  (/.  c.)  has,  in  his  paper,  called  attention  to  the  fact 
that  of  the  names  of  the  above  three  species,  the  first  two  were  pre- 
occupied, viz.  arcticus  Mearns  1910  nee  arcticus  Saussure  of  Coues, 
1877,  and  as  this  name  is  a  synonym  of  Hesperomys  maniculatus  Wag- 
ler,  arcticus  cannot  be  employed  in  the  nomenclature  of  this  genus, 
and  may  not  be  used  for  the  race  from  Fort  Simpson,  Mackenzie, 
Canada,  and  for  which  he  proposed  the  name  borealis.  The  synonymy 
of  these  three  forms  would  therefore  stand  as  given  above. 

Peromyscus  maniculatus  hylaeus  Osgood. 

Peromyscus  hylczus  Osgood,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXI,  1908, 
p.  141. 

Type  locality.  Hollis,  Kasaan  Bay,  Prince  of  Wales  Island, 
Alaska. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Islands  and  coast  of  southeastern  Alaska,  including 
Prince  of  Wales,  Kupreanof,  Mitkof,  and  Admiralty  Islands,  and  on 
the  mainland  from  Lynn  Canal  to  Frederick  Sound. 


50  PEROMYSCUS. 

Gent.  Char.     Similar  to  P.  keeni,  rostrum  longer  and  more  slender. 

Color.  Top  of  head,  nose,  upperparts  and  flanks  russet  mixed  with 
dusky  on  scapular  region,  and  with  black  on  dorsal  region;  underparts, 
sides  of  face  and  lips,  hands  and  feet  white;  tail  above  blackish  brown, 
beneath  whitish.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  215;  tail,  107;  hind  foot,  19.4 
(skin).  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  26.6;  Hensel,  21.3;  zygomatic 
width,  13.1;  intertemporal  width,  13.7;  length  of  nasals,  10.6;  length 
of  upper  molar  series,  4.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Peromyscus  maniculatus  algidus  Osgood. 

Peromyscus  maniculatus  algidus  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  28, 
1909,  p.  56. 

Type  locality.     Head  of  Lake  Bennett,  British  Columbia,  Canada. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Headwaters  of  the  Yukon  River,  from  Lake  Bennett 
to  the  lower  part  of  the  Lewis  River. 

Geol.  Char.     Similar  to  P.  m.  hylceus,  but  paler,  more  gray. 

Color.  Entire  upperparts  cinnamon,  mixed  with  dusky  on  sides 
and  dorsal  region;  washed  with  grayish  on  head  and  face,  and  in  some 
specimens,  also  on  shoulders;  orbital  ring  and  spot  at  base  of  whiskers 
dusky;  underparts  creamy  white;  feet  and  hands  white;  tail  blackish 
above,  beneath  white.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  227;  tail,  1 08;  hind  foot,  18.3  (skin). 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  27.1;  Hensel,  20.8;  zygomatic  width, 
13.6;  intertemporal  width,  4.3;  length  of  nasals,  10.8;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  4;  length  of  mandible,  11.4;  length  of  lower  molar  series, 
4.4.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Peromyscus  maniculatus  margaritae  Osgood. 

Peromyscus  maniculatus  margaritce  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  28, 
1909,  p.  95. 

Type  locality.  Margarita  Island  off  west  coast  of  southern  Cali- 
fornia, Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  P.  m.  coolidgei,  but  paler. 

Color.  Head,  entire  upperparts  and  flanks  pinkish  buff  lined  with 
dusky;  nose  and  entire  underparts,  limbs,  hands  and  feet  white; 
base  of  hairs  slaty  except  those  on  throat  which  are  white  to  the  roots; 
tail  above  dusky,  beneath  white;  ears  whitish  at  base,  dusky  at  tips. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  167;  tail,  70.5;  hind  foot,  20.9  (skin). 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  25.2;  Hensel,  19.1;  zygomatic  width, 
13;  intertemporal  width,  3.8;  length  of  nasals,  9.7;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  3.5;  length  of  mandible,  10.3;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  3.6.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


PEROMYSCUS.  51 

Peromyscus  maniculatus  dementis  Mearns. 

Peromyscus  texanus  dementis  Mearns,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
XVIII,  1895,  p.  446. 

Type  locality.  San  Clemente  Island,  Los  Angeles  County,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Outer  islands  of  the  Santa  Barbara  group,  off  the 
coast  of  southern  California,  including  San  Clemente,  Santa  Barbara, 
San  Nicolas,  Santa  Rosa,  and  San  Miguel  Islands. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  P.  m.  gambeli  but  larger  and  darker. 

Color.  Upperparts  drab  tinged  with  burnt  umber  on  lower  por- 
tion; top  of  head  drab-gray,  ochraceous-buff  lateral  line;  underparts 
white;  tail  dark  above,  white  beneath;  hands  and  feet  white;  ears 
black.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  177;  tail,  77;  hind  foot,  21;  ear,  17. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  25.5;  Hensel,  20;  zygomatic  breadth, 
12.9;  intertemporal  width,  4;  length  of  nasals,  9.6;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  3.8;  length  of  mandible,  12.7;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  3.7.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Peromyscus  maniculatus  magdalenae  Osgood. 

Peromyscus  maniculatus  magdalena  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  28, 
1909,  p.  101. 

Type  locality.  Magdalena  Islands  off  west  coast  of  southern  Lower 
California,  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Magdalena  Islands  and  a  narrow  strip  of  the  adja- 
cent mainland  of  the  Peninsula  of  Lower  California. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  P.  m.  geronimensis  but  larger,  tail  longer 
and  color  darker. 

Color.  Upperparts  ochraceous-buff  mixed  with  dusky;  face  and 
head  paler;  underparts  creamy  white;  tail  above  dusky,  beneath 
white;  feet  and  hands  white.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  201;  tail,  87;  hind  foot,  5.9  (skin). 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  27;  Hensel,  20.7;  zygomatic  width, 
13.6;  intertemporal  width,  4.5;  length  of  nasals,  10;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  4;  length  of  mandible,  12.3;  length  of  lower  molar  series, 
4.4.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Peromyscus  maniculatus  hollisteri  Osgood. 

Peromyscus  maniculatus  hollisteri  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  28, 
1909,  p.  62. 

Type  locality.  Friday  Harbor,  San  Juan  Island,  San  Juan  County, 
Wash. 


52  PEROMYSCUS. 

Color.  Nose  mixed  buff  and  black;  top  of  head  and  upperparts 
to  rump  mostly  black  with  minute  buff  spots  scattered  through  the 
black;  rump  paler,  but  little  black  showing;  flanks  like  rump  with 
cream-buff  hairs  intermingled ;  sides  of  face  and  nose  at  tip  ochraceous- 
buff;  entire  underparts,  hands  and  feet  white;  tail  above  dark  brown, 
beneath  cream-buff.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  185;  tail,  73;  hind  foot,  22.  Skull: 
Total  length,  26.8;  Hensel,  20.7;  zygoma  tic  width,  14.4;  intertem- 
poral  width,  4;  length  of  nasals,  10.9;  length  of  upper  molar  series, 
4.1;  length  of  mandible,  n;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  3.9.  Ex 
type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Peromyscus  polionotus  (Wagner). 

Mus  polionotus  Wagner,  Wiegm.  Archiv.  f.  Naturg.,  II,  1843,  p.  52. 
Sitomys  niveiventris  subgriseus  Chapm.,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 

V,  1893,  p.  340. 
Peromyscus  subgriseus  arenarius  Bangs,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist., 

XXVIII,  1898,  p.  203  (nee  Mearns). 
Peromyscus  subgriseus  baliolus  Bangs,  Science,  N.  S.,  VIII,  1907, 

p.  214;  Elliot,  Check-List,  Mamm.  N.  Am.  Cont.  and  W.  Indies, 

F.  C.  M.  Pub.,  VI,  1905,  p.  139. 
Peromyscus  polionotus  Osgood,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX,  1907, 

p.  49- 

Type  locality.     Hursman  Lake,  Scriven  County,  Georgia. 

The  type  of  Wagner's  species  is  in  the  Universitat  Institute  uiid 
Sammlungen  in  Zurich,  Switzerland,  where  it  was  examined  by  Mr. 
Osgood  who  says  of  it  (/.  c.)  "its  identity  as  a  member  of  the  group  of 
small  mice  containing  the  forms  well-known  under  the  names  sub- 
griseus and  niveiventris  is  obvious.  It  is  said  to  have  come  from 
Georgia,  and  its  color,  which  is  not  greatly  changed  by  exposure,  agrees 
well  with  recently  collected  specimens  from  that  region." 

Wagner's  name  will  therefore  take  precedence  of  those  later  be- 
stowed upon  the  species,  its  synonymy  being  that  here  given. 

Peromyscus  polionotus  albifrons  Osgood. 

Peromyscus  polionotus  albifrons  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  28, 
1909,  p.  108. 

Type  locality.     Whitfield,  Walton  County,  Florida. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Coast  of  western  Florida  and  Alabama. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  P.  p.  rhoadsi,  but  white  on  pelage  more 
widely  distributed. 

Color.  Upperparts  grayish  fawn;  nose  at  end  white,  that  color 
extending  narrowly  to  forehead  between  eyes;  from  lower  border  of 


PEROMYSCUS.  53 

eye  including  all  the  underparts  white;  hands,  feet  and  legs  white; 
tail  grayish  brown  above  on  basal  third,  remainder  and  underpart 
white;  ears  edged  broadly  with  white.  Type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Peromyscus  leucopus  aridulus  Osgood. 

Peromyscus  leucopus  aridulus  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  28,  1909, 
p.  122. 

Type  locality.     Fort  Custer,  Yellowstone  County,  Montana. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Upper  Sonoran  Zone  of  eastern  Wyoming  and 
Montana,  and  the  adjacent  western  parts  of  South  Dakota  and 
Nebraska,  probably  south  of  Oklahoma  and  west  to  eastern  Colorado. 

Gent.  Char.  Similar  to  P.  I.  noveboracensis,  but  larger  and  paler; 
skull  larger,  braincase  wider;  nasals  broader;  molar  teeth  and  audital 
bullae  larger. 

Color.  Entire  upperparts  ochraceous-buff  washed  with  dusky; 
dorsal  line  slightly  darker;  underparts  creamy  white;  hands  and  feet 
white;  tail  above  brown,  beneath  whitish.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  177;  tail,  73;  hind  foot,  22;  ears, 
14.5.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  26.2;  Hensel,  26;  zygomatic 
width,  14.3;  inter  temporal  width,  4.5;  length  of  nasals,  10;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,  4;  length  of  mandible,  11.3;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  4.3.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Peromyscus  leucopus  ochraceus  Osgood. 

Peromyscus  leucopus  ochraceus  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  28, 
1909,  p.  124. 

Type  locality.     Winslow,  Navajo  County,  Arizona. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  P.  I.  tornillo,  but  color  different. 

Color.  Entire  upperparts  ochraceous-buff  lined  with  dusky; 
darkest  on  middle  of  back,  but  not  forming  a  dorsal  line;  underparts 
white,  tinged  with  buff;  tail  above  dusky  brown,  beneath  buffy  white; 
feet  and  hands  buffy  white;  ears  edged  with  creamy  white,  and  wrists 
marked  with  ochraceous-buff.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  180;  tail,  82;  hind  foot,  22.5. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  26.5;  Hensel,  21.1;  zygomatic  width, 
14.5;  intertemporal  width,  3.9;  length  of  nasals,  10;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  3.8;  length  of  mandible,  13.7;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  4.4.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Peromyscus  leucopus  mesomelas  Osgood. 

Peromyscus  texensis  mesomelas  Osgood,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XVII,  1904,  p.  57. 


54  PEROMYSCUS. 

Peromyscus  leucopus   mesomelas   Osgood,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  28, 

1909,  p.  132. 
Type  locality.     Orizaba,  State  of  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico. 

Peromyscus  pectoralis  laceianus  Bailey. 

Peromyscus  pectoralis  laceianus  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XIX,  1906,  p.  57. 

Type  locality.     Lacey  Ranch,  near  Kerrville,  Kerr  County,  Texas. 

Geogr.  Distr.  West  Central  Texas,  from  the  vicinity  of  Austin 
to  the  Big  Bend  of  the  Rio  Grande  and  immediately  adjacent  parts 
of  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  P.  pectoralis;  tail  shorter,  no  pectoral  spot. 

Color.  Upperparts  dark  buffy  gray;  cheeks  and  shoulders  bright 
buff;  underparts  white;  tail  above  dark  brown,  beneath  white;  feet 
white.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  185;  tail,  95;  hind  foot,  23.  Skull: 
Occipi to-nasal  length,  26.8;  Hensel,  19.5;  zygomatic  width,  13.5; 
intertemporal  width,  4.4;  length  of  nasals,  10;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  4;  length  of  mandible,  12.2;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  4.5. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Peromyscus  truei  lagunae  Osgood. 

Peromyscus  truei  lagunce  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  28,  1909, 
p.  172. 

Type  locality.  La  Laguna,  Laguna  Mountains,  Lower  California, 
Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Mountains  of  the  region  of  the  extremity  of  the 
peninsula  of  Lower  California,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.     Like  P.  truei,  tail  longer,  ears  smaller. 

Color.  Upperparts  ochraceous-buff  lined  with  dusky;  nose  and 
region  behind  orbits  grayish;  orbital  ring  dusky;  underparts  creamy 
white;  tail  above  brownish  dusky,  beneath  white;  hands  and  feet 
white;  ankles  dusky.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  215;  tail,  109.6;  hind  foot,  18.6 
(skin).  .Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  27.1;  Hensel,  20.9;  zygomatic 
width,  12.4;  intertemporal  width,  4.1;  length  of  nasals,  10.7;  length 
of  upper  molar  series,  4.6;  length  of  mandible,  12.1;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  5.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Peromyscus  megalops  melanurus  Osgood. 

Peromyscus  megalops  melanurus  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  28, 
1909,  p.  215. 

Type  locality.     Pluma,  Oaxaca,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  P.  melanops,  but  smaller;  skull  and  teeth 
generally  smaller;  pelage  variable  in  color. 


NECTOMYS.  RHEOMYS.  55 

Color.  Orbital  ring  and  spot  at  base  of  whiskers  dusky;  upper- 
parts  Mars-brown;  dorsal  area  darkest;  underparts  yellowish  white; 
tail  blackish  above  and  below;  hands  and  feet  white,  tarsal  joint  brown- 
ish. -Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  219;  tail,  116;  hind  foot,  21  (skin). 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  32.6;  Hensel,  25;  zygoniatic  width,  16; 
intertemporal  width,  5.3;  length  of  nasals,  12.3;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  5.3.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Genus  Nectomys  Peters. 

Nectomys  Peters,  Abhandl.  K.  Preuss.  Akad.  Wiss.  Berlin,  1860- 

61,  p.   151.     Type  Mus  squamipes  Lichtenstein. 
Nectomys  dimidiatus  Thomas. 

Nectomys  dimidiatus  Thomas,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  Ser.  7, 
XVII,.  1906,  p.  422. 

Type  locality.     Escondido  River,  7  miles  below  Rama,  Nicaragua. 

Nectomys  alfari  efficax  Goldman. 

Nectomys  alfari  efficax  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX,  1913,  No. 
22,  p.  7. 

Type  locality.     Cana,  eastern  Panama.     Altitude,   1,800  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  N.  alfari,  but  more  tawny-ochraceous. 
Skull  with  narrower  braincase  and  rostrum  heavy. 

Color.  Upperparts  pale  tawny-ochraceous  and  black;  top  of  head 
and  face  darker;  flanks  and  outer  side  of  limbs  have  the  ochraceous 
color  predominating;  underparts  washed  with  pale  buff  over  white; 
tail  brownish  all  around;  hands  and  feet  flesh  color  sparsely  covered 
with  gray  hairs.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  305;  tail,  179;  hind  foot,  36.5. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  35.6;  Hensel,  28;  zygomatic  width, 
19.7;  intertemporal  width,  7.2;  length  of  nasals,  14.2;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  5.4;  length  of  mandible,  18.9;  length  of  lower  molar  series, 
5.5.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Genus  Rheomys. 

Rheomys  Thomas,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  Ser.  7,  XVII,  1906, 
p.  421.  Type. 

Rheomys  underwood!  Thomas. 

Rheomys  underwoodi  Thomas,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  Ser.  7, 
XVII,  1906,  p.  422. 


56  RHEOMYS.  OTOTYLOMYS.  SIGMODON. 

Rheomys  raptor  Goldman. 

Rheomys  raptor  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX,  No.  2,  1912,  p.  7. 

Type  locality.  Near  head  of  Rio  Limon,  Mount  Pirri,  eastern 
Panama.  Altitude,  4,500  feet. 

GenL  Char.  Size  small;  color  dark.  Skull  with  frontal  region  not 
depressed,  bullse  low,  short. 

Color.  Upperparts,  nose  to  tail,  mixed  cinnamon  and  black; 
flanks  grayer;  underparts  pale  mouse-gray;  under  fur  plumbeous; 
some  white  hairs  on  rump  which  is  slightly  darker  than  back;  tail 
black  above  and  beneath;  hands  and  feet  brown  grading  into  white 
fingers  and  toes.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  201;  tail,  94;  hind  foot,  23.5. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  25.2;  Hensel,  19.8;  zygomatic  width, 
13.5;  intertemporal  width,  4.9;  length  of  nasals,  9.6;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  4.3;  length  of  mandible,  12.4;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  3.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Genus  Ototylomys  (64). 

Ototylomys  fumeus  Allen. 

Ototylomys  fumeus  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXIV,  1908, 
p.  658. 

Type  locality.     Matagalpa,  Nicaragua. 

Color.  Head  and  Upperparts  dusky  grayish  brown,  darkest  on 
dorsal  region;  throat  and  underparts,  and  inner  side  of  limbs  pure 
white;  tail  naked,  black,  annulations  broad;  ears,  dusky  brown, 
mostly  naked.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  330;  tail,  140;  hind  foot,  30  (col- 
lector). Skull:  Total  length,  42;  Hensel,  30.5;  zygomatic  width,  21; 
intertemporal  width,  7.7;  length  of  nasals,  14;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  6.4;  length  of  mandible,  18.2;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  6.7. 
Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Ototylomys  guatemalae  Thomas. 

Ototylomys  guatemala  Thomas,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1909,  p.  670. 

Type  locality.  Tucuru,  Poloehie  River,  about  50  miles  east  of 
Coban,  Guatemala. 

Genus  Sigmodon  (65).     Cotton  Rats. 

Sigmodon  hispidus  griseus  Allen. 

Sigmodon    hispidus    griseus   Allen,    Bull.    Am.    Mus.    Nat.    Hist., 

XXIV,  1908,  p.  657. 
Type   locality.     Chontales,    Nicaragua. 


SIGMODON.  57 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  maize-yellow  and  black;  top  of 
head  and  dorsal  line  much  the  darkest,  being  nearly  all  black;  flanks 
maize-yellow  slightly  lined  with  black,  being  much  lighter  than  back; 
outer  side  of  limbs  like  flanks;  entire  underparts  and  inner  side  of 
limbs  grayish  white,  the  hairs  being  plumbeous  at  base  and  with  white 
tips;  toes  grayish;  tail  black  above,  dark  brown  beneath,  naked; 
ears  blackish.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New 
York. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  230;  tail,  broken,  50;  hind  foot, 
30;  full  length  of  tail  varies  from  no  to  130.  Skull:  Total  length, 
35.9;  Hensel,  30.2;  zygomatic  width,  21.6;  intertemporal  width,  5.2; 
length  of  nasals,  15;  length  of  mandible,  12.5;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  6.8.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New 
York. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  above  differs  considerably  from  Dr. 
Allen's  description,  as  he  calls  it  a  gray  animal,  while  I  fail  to  find 
any  gray  about  it  save  on  the  underparts,  where  white  and  plumbeous 
are  mingled. 

Sigmodon  vulcani  Allen. 

Sigmodon  vulcani  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXII,  1906, 
p.  247. 

Type  locality.  Volcan  de  Fuego,  Jalisco,  Mexico.  Altitude, 
10,000  feet. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  cream-buff  lined  with  black;  flanks 
cream-buff,  no  black;  underparts  gray;  outer  side  of  limbs  like  back; 
feet  gray;  tail  above  blackish,  beneath  grayish  brown.  Ex  type  in 
American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  235;  tail,  95;  hind  foot,  32.  Skull: 
Total  length,  34;  zygomatic  width,  19.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum 
of  Natural  History. 

Sigmodon  minimus  goldmani  Bailey. 

Sigmodon  minimus  goldmani  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI, 

1913,  P-  i32- 

Type  locality.  7  miles  north  of  Palomas,  New  Mexico.  Altitude, 
4200  feet. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  S.  minimus,  but  darker. 

Color.  Upperparts  and  head  grizzled  white,  black  and  buff;  under- 
parts dark  fulvous;  tail  black;  hands  and  feet  blackish;  ears  black. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  256;  tail,  107;  hind  foot,  31. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  32.7;  Hensel,  27.4;  zygomatic  width, 


58  ORYZOMYS. 

19.2;  intertemporal  width,  5.1;  length  of  nasals,  11.3;  palatal  length, 
7.1;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  6.2;  length  of  mandible,  19.3; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  6.5.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Genus  Oryzomys  (66). 

Oryzomys  alfaroi  incertus  Allen. 

Oryzomys  alfaroi  incertus  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXIV, 
1908,  p.  655. 

Type  locality.     Rio  Grande,  Nicaragua. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  O.  alfaroi,  but  smaller  and  darker. 

Color.  Head  and  entire  upperparts  golden  rufous,  darkest  on 
dorsal  region;  outer  side  of  limbs  paler;  underparts  and  inner  side 
of  limbs  whitish;  hands  white,  feet  pale  brown;  tail  naked,  above 
blackish,  beneath  paler;  ears  blackish  brown.  Ex  type  in  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  190;  tail,  101;  hind  foot,  19.7. 
Skull:  Broken;  intertemporal  width,  4.7;  length  of  nasals,  10.2; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  5.2;  length  of  mandible,  13.4;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  4.6.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History. 

Oryzomys  bombycinus  Goldman. 

Oryzomys  bombycinus  Goldman,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LVI,  1912, 
No.  36,  p.  6. 

Type  locality.  Cerro  Azul,  near  headwaters,  of  Chagres  River,. 
Panama.  Altitude,  2500  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  0.  carrikeri,  but  fur  longer,  and  the  skull 
more  slender. 

Color.  Face  blackish;  upperparts  vandyke-brown ;  dorsal  line 
black,  flanks  paler;  underparts  whitish;  plumbeous  color  of  under- 
fur  showing;  hands  and  feet  dark  flesh  color;  tail  above  brownish, 
beneath  grayish.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  252;  tail,  127;  hind  foot,  32. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  31.1;  Hensel,  23.7;  zygomatic  width, 
15.4;  intertemporal  width,  5.5;  length  of  nasals,  12.2;  palatal  length, 
6.2;  'length  of  upper  molar  series,  3.6;  length  of  mandible,  14.1 ;  length 
of  lower  molar  series,  5.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Oryzomys  pirrensis  Goldman. 

Oryzomys  pirrensis  Goldman,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX,  1913,  No.  22,. 
P-  5- 


ORYZOMYS.  59 

Type  locality.  Near  head  of  Rio  Limon,  Mount  Pirri,  Panama. 
Altitude,  4,500  feet. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  O.  devius,  but  darker. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  upperparts  Mars-brown,  darkest  on 
median  line  from  top  of  head  to  tail;  cheeks  paler,  rufescent,  as  are 
also  shoulders  and  flanks;  throat  grayish;  rest  of  underparts  dark 
ochraceous-buff;  base  of  fur  plumbeous;  outer  side  of  limbs  dark 
brownish,  a  buffy  line  from  wrists  to  lower  edge  of  forearm;  tail  above 
dark  brown,  beneath  paler;  hands  blackish,  fingers  lighter;  hind  feet 
dark  brown,  toes  with  tufts  of  silvery  hairs  at  end  of  longest  four; 
ears  blackish.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  340;  tail,  185;  hind  foot,  38. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  37.3;  Hensel,  28.7;  zygomatic  width, 
20;  intertemporal  width,  6;  length  of  nasals,  14;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  6;  length  of  mandible,  19.6;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  6.1. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Oryzomys  carrikeri  Allen. 

Oryzomys  carrikeri  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXIV,  1908. 
p.  656. 

Type  locality.     Rio  Sicsola,  Talamanca;  Costa  Rica. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  Mars-brown  lined  with  light  ochra- 
ceous-buff, darkest  on  dorsal  region;  flanks  ochraceous-buff;  outer 
side  of  limbs  Mars-brown;  underparts  and  inner  side  of  limbs  gray- 
ish white;  tail  dark  brown,  beneath  slightly  paler;  hands  white;  feet 
pale  brown.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  265;  tail,  133;  hind  foot,  30.5. 
Skull:  Total  length,  31.5;  intertemporal  width,  5;  zygomatic  width, 
14.7;  length  of  nasals,  12;  length  of  molar  series,  5;  length  of  man- 
dible, 17.1;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  5.2.  Ex  type  in  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Oryzomys  frontalis  Goldman. 

Oryzomys  frontalis  Goldman,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LVI,  No.  36, 
1912,  p.  6. 

Type  locality.     Corozal,  Canal  Zone,  Panama. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  O.  flavicans,  but  larger  and  darker. 

Color.  Head  cinnamon-rufous  and  dusky;  upperparts  cinnamon- 
rufous;  flanks  paler;  underparts,  lips  and  inner  side  of  limbs  white; 
hands  brownish ;  feet  white ;  tail  dusky  above  and  below ;  ears  brown- 
ish. Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  309;  tail,  161;  hind  foot,  30.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  35.1;  Hensel,  27;  zygomatic  width,  18;  inter- 


60  ORYZOMYS. 

temporal  width,  6.7;  length  of  nasals,  12;  palatal  length,  6.7;  length 
of  upper  molar  series,  4.9;  length  of  mandible,  17.1;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  5.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Oryzomys  gatunensis  Goldman. 

Oryzomys  gatunensis  Goldman,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.  LVI,  No.  36, 
1912,  p.  7. 

Type  locality.     Gatun,  Canal  Zone,  Panama. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  O.  richmondi  but  paler;  skull  wider  between 
orbits;  interparietal  smaller. 

Color.  Face  brownish;  head  and  upperparts  grizzled  black  and 
raw-umber;  flanks  buffy;  underparts  pinkish  buff,  plumbeous  of 
under  fur  showing  through;  hands  and  feet  flesh  color;  tail  above 
grayish  brown,  beneath  paler.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  224;  tail,  115;  hind  foot,  31.5. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  26.6;  Hensel,  20.8;  zygomatic  width. 
14.5;  intertemporal  width,  5.3;  length  of  nasals,  10.2;  palatal  length, 
5.2;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  4.7;  length  of  mandible,  12.9; 
length  of  lower  molar  series;  5.1.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Oryzomys  nicaraguae  Allen. 

Oryzomys  nicaragua  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist..  XXVIII, 
1910,  p.  100. 

Type  locality.     Vijagua,  Nicaragua. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  light  ochraceous-buff  and  black; 
flanks  light  ochraceous-buff;  chin  and  throat  white;  pectoral  region 
buffy  white,  abdominal  region  grayish  white;  tail  above  blackish, 
beneath  paler;  hands  white,  feet  pale  brown.  Ex  type  in  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  180;  tail,  no;  hind  foot,  20. 
Skull:  Total  length,  21.3;  Hensel,  15.4;  zygomatic  width,  n;  width 
of  braincase,  10;  length  of  nasals,  8.6;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  3; 
length  of  mandible,  9.7;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  3.  Ex  type  in 
American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Oryzomys  ochraceus  Allen. 

Oryzomys  ochraceus  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXIV, 
1908,  p.  655. 

Type  locality.     Rio  Grande,  Nicaragua. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  ochraceous  mixed  with  black  on 
dorsal  region;  flanks  ochraceous-buff;  underparts  buff;  hands  and 


ORYZOMYS.  MELANOMYS.  61 

feet  reddish  brown;    tail  above  and  beneath  dark  brown,  uniform, 
naked.     Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  300;  tail,  180;  hind  foot,  40. 
Skull:.  Total  length,  36;  Hensel,  28.3;  zygomatic  width,  20;  inter- 
temporal  width,  7;  length  of  nasals,  14;  length  of  upper  molar  series, 
5.3;  mastoid  width,  13;  length  of  mandible,  15.4;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  5.3.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Oryzomys  richardsoni  Allen. 

Oryzomys  richardsoni  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXVIII, 
1910,  p.  99. 

Type  locality.     Pena  Blanca,  Nicaragua. 

Color.  Upperparts  warm  buff;  hairs  tipped  with  black,  base  of 
hairs  plumbeous;  flanks  light  buff,  hairs  black-tipped;  underparts 
white  with  a  pinkish  tinge;  top  of  head  like  back;  sides  of  head  and 
neck  like  flanks;  outer  side  of  limbs  slightly  darker  than  flanks; 
hands  buffy;  feet  covered  sparsely  with  fine  white  hairs;  tail  above 
pale  brown,  lighter  beneath;  ears  dark  brown.  Ex  type  in  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  270;  tail,  150;  hind  foot,  32.5. 
Skull:  Total  length,  31;  Hensel,  24.9;  zygomatic  width,  17;  inter- 
temporal  width,  5 ;  length  of  nasals,  1 2 ;  length  of  upper  molar  series, 
4.7;  length  of  mandible,  15.9;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  5.2.  Ex 
type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 


Genus  Melanomys. 

Melanomys  Thomas,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  7th  ser.,  X,  1902, 
p.  248.  Type  Oryzomys  phceopus  Thomas. 

Melanomys  was  originally  proposed  by  Thomas  as  a  subgenus  of 
Oryzomys  to  embrace  an  aberrant  group  included  by  Bangs  in  the 
genus  Zygodontomys,  but  differing  from  the  species  in  that  genus  by 
wide  skulls,  especially  between  the  orbits,  and  well-marked  supra- 
orbital  ridges,  a  dark  colored  pelage,  almost  naked  feet  and  hands, 
and  white  nails.  Dr.  J.  A.  Allen,  has  reviewed  the  group  (Bull. 
Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXXII,  1913,  p.  533)  and  raised  Thomas' 
subgenus  to  full  generic  rank,  recognizing  nine  species  and  five  sub- 
species, ranging  from  the  highlands  of  Nicaragua  to  northern  Bolivia., 
and  eastward  to  Bogota  and  the  region  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa 
Marta.  In  Central  America  two  species  have  been  recognized  as 
Zygodontomys  chrysomelas  and  Z.  idoneus  which  must  hereafter  be 
included  in  the  genus  Melanomys.  The  first  is  among  the  species 


62  MELANOMYS.  NEACOMYS. 

of  Zygodontomys  in  the  Check-List,  1905.  p.  190,  the  second  is  described 
below. 

N 

Melanomys  idoneus  (Goldman). 

Oryzomys  idoneus  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.  LVI,  No.  36,  p.  5. 

Melanomys  idoneus  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXXII, 
1913,  P-  548. 

Type  locality.  Cerro  Azul,  near  headwaters  of  Chagres  River, 
Panama.  Altitude,  2500  feet. 

Color.  Above  mixed  cinnamon-rufous  and  black;  flanks  paler; 
underparts  tawny  ochraceous;  outer  side  of  limbs  dark  brownish 
cinnamon;  hands,  feet  and  tail  black,  hairs  thinly  dispersed  over  the 
black  skin.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  218;  tail,  88;  hind  foot,  30.  Skull: 
Total  length,  31.5;  Occipito-nasal  length,  30.9;  zygomatic  width, 
17.5;  intertemporal  width,  6.5;  length  of  nasals,  12.5;  palatal  length, 
7.5;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  4.8;  length  of  mandible,  16.6; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  3.5.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Genus  Neacomys. 

Neacomys  Thomas,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  yth  ser.,  V,  1900, 

p.  153.     Type  Oryzomys  spinosus  Thomas. 
Neacomys  pictus  Goldman. 

Neacomys  pictus  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX,  1912,  No.  2,  p.  6. 

Type  locality.     Cana,  eastern  Panama.     Altitude,  1800  'feet. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  N.  pusillus,  but  larger;  feet  white. 

Color.  Feet  and  upperparts  mixed  orange-rufous  and  black,  the 
black  being  less  strong  on  cheeks,  shoulders  and  sides  where  the 
ochraceous-buff  predominates,  and  forms  a  line  between  the  upper  and 
underparts;  orbital  rings  and  nose  dusky;  lips,  throat,  inner  sides  of 
forearms  and  underparts  white,  the  white  going  to  the  roots  of  hairs 
on  the  throat;  outer  side  of  forearms  ochraceous  buffy,  becoming 
brownish  near  wrists;  inner  side  of  legs  pale  buffy;  tail  above  dark 
brown,  paler  beneath,  but  the  tip  is  dark  all  around.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  159;  tail,  83;  hind  foot,  21.5. 
Skull:  Greatest  length,  21.4;  Hensel,  15;  zygomatic  width,  11.2; 
intertemporal  width,  4.4;  length  of  nasals,  8.6;  palatal  length,  3.8; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  2.7;  length  of  mandible,  8.6;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  2.8.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


ZYGODONTOMYS.  RHITHRODONTOMYS.  63 


Genus  Zygodontomys  (68). 

Zygodontomys  cherriei  ventriosus  Goldman. 

Zygodontomys  cherriei  ventriosus  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LVI, 
No.  36,  1912,  p.  8. 

Type  locality.     Tabernilla,  Canal  Zone,  Panama. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  Z.  cherriei,  but  larger,  color  paler. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  grayish  brown,  dorsal  line  darker; 
flanks  paler,  more  gray;  outer  side  of  limbs  like  flanks;  underparts 
and  inner  side  of  limbs  creamy  white;  tail  above  grayish,  beneath 
whitish;  hands  and  feet  white,  ears  brownish,  long  rusty  hairs  on 
anterior  base.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  240;  tail,  104;  hind  foot,  28. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  31.7;  Hensel,  25.3;  zygomatic width, 
15.9;  intertemporal  width,  4.9;  length  of  nasals,  10.4;  palatal  length, 
6.5;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  4.2;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  5. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Genus  Rhithrodontomys  (70).     Harvest  Mice. 

Rhithrodontomys  australis  modestus  Thomas. 

Reithrodontomys  (!)  modestus  Thomas,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist., 

7th  ser.,  XX,  1907,  p.  163. 
Reithrodontomys  (!)  australis  modestus  Howell,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No. 

36,  1914,  p.  63. 
Type  locality.     Jinotega,  Nicaragua,  Central  America. 

Rhithrodontomys  humulis  (Bachman). 

Mus  humulis  Bachman,  in  Aud.  and  Bach.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 

Phila.,   1841,  p.  97. 
Mus  lecontii.    Aud.  and  Bach.,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1842, 

P-  307- 
Mus  humilis  Aud.  and  Bach.,  Quad.  N.  Am.,  II,  1851,  p.  103,  pi. 

Ixv,  p.  i i 6. 
Reithrodontomys  humulis  Osgood,  Pro.c.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX,  1907, 

p.  49;  Howell,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  36,  1914,  p.  19. 
Rhithrodontomys   lecontei  Elliot,    Check-List   Mamm.    N.   Am.    & 

W.  Indies,  F.  C.  M.  Pub.,  VI,  1905,  p.  191,  Zool.  Ser. 
Dr.  Allen  (Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  VII,  1895,  p.  116)  rejected 
Bachman's  name  of  humulis  for  this  species  because  it  was  not  stated 
in  the  description  that  the  incisors  were  grooved,  and  therefore  it 


64  RHITHRODONTOMYS. 

could  not  have  been  a  Rhithrodontomys.  Mr.  Osgood  (/.  c.)  decides 
against  this  view  of  the  case  because  the  original  description,  the 
vernacular  name  " Little  Harvest  Mouse"  and  the  colored  plate 
(No.  LXV)  all  indicate  a  species  of  this  genus,  and  not  a  Mus  or 
Peromyscus.  It  might  also  be  advanced  that  as  Bachman  regarded  it 
as  belonging  to  the  Linnsean  genus  Mus,  he  probably  did  not  look  for 
or  perceive  any  generic  character  which  might  separate  his  specimen 
from  the  genus  in  which  he  placed  it,  and  the  grooving  was  either  not 
noticed  at  all,  or  else  regarded  as  of  no  especial  consequence.  The 
evidence  would  seem  to  prove,  however,  that  it  was  a  Rhithrodontomys 
he  called  Mus  humulis,  and  this  was  identical  with  the  species  found 
on  the  eastern  coast  of  South  Carolina  and  Georgia,  and  that  R. 
lecontii  (Aud.  &  Bach.)  must  become  a  synonym. 

Rhithrodontomys  raviventris  Dixon. 

Reithrodontomys  (!)  raviventris  Dixon,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXI, 
1908,  p.  197. 

Type  locality.     Redwood  City,  San  Mateo  County,  California. 

Genl.  Char.     Darker  than  R.  longicauda,  underparts  bright  fulvous. 

Color.  Sides  of  nose  brownish  black;  lips  black;  chin  has  white 
spot  in  some  examples:  upperparts  black;  hands  and  feet  purple; 
fingers  and  toes  white;  underparts  bright  fulvous;  tail  black. 

Measurements.     Total  length,  146;  tail,  70;  hind  foot,  17. 

Rhithrodontomys  halicostes  Dixon. 

Reithrodontomys  (!)  halicostes  Dixon,  Univ.  Cal.  Pub.  Zool.,  V.  1909, 
p.  271. 

Type  locality.  Three  miles  south  of  Petaluma,  Sonora  County, 
California. 

Rhithrodontomys  griseus  Bailey. 

Reithrodontomys  griseus  Ba'ley,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  25,  1905,  p.  106. 
Little  Gray  Harvest  Mouse. 

Type  locality.     San  Antonio,  Texas. 

Geogr.  Dist.     From  San  Antonio  north  into  southeastern  Nebraska. 

Genl.  Char.     Size  small;   tail  short,  bicolor. 

Color.  Above  dark  buffy  gray,  dorsal  line  darker;  black  spots  on 
upper  outer  surface  of  ear,  and  another  on  the  lower  inner  surface; 
hands,  feet,  and  underparts  white;  tail  above  blackish,  beneath  white. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  120;  tail  vertebrae,  56;  hind  foot,  14. 
Skull:  Occipi to-nasal  length,  19.2;  basal  length,  16;  nasals,  7;  zygo- 
matic  breadth,  10.4;  mastoid  breadth,  9;  width  of  braincase,  9.8; 


RITHRODONTOMYS.  65 

interorbital    constriction,    3.      Ex   type   in   United   States   National 
Museum. 

4680.     Rhithrodontomys  amoenus  Elliot. 

Rhithrodontomys  amcenus  Elliot,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XVIII, 
iQ05>  p.  234. 

Type  locality.     Reforma,  State  of  Oaxaca,  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Known  only  from  State  of  Oaxaca,  Mexico. 

Gent.  Char.     Allied  to  R.  helvolus  but  color  different. 

Color.  Fore  part  of  back,  cheeks  and  shoulders  pale  ochraceous  - 
buff ;  top  of  head,  lower  part  of  back,  rump  and  flanks  dull  ochraceous- 
rufous,  tinged  with  hazel;  underparts,  hands  and  feet  white;  tail 
brownish  above,  white  beneath.  Ex  type  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural 
History,  Chicago. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  148;  tail,  81;  hind  foot,  8.5.  SkuU: 
Total  length,  20;  Hensel,  14;  zygomatic  width,  10;  interorbital  con- 
striction, 3;  palatal  length,  8;  length  of  nasals,  6;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  4;  length  of  mandible,  12;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  4. 
Ex  type  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History,  Chicago. 

Rhithrodontomys   megalotis   nigrescens   Howell. 

Reithrodontomys  (!)  megalotis  nigrescens  Howell,  N.  Am.  Fauna, 
1914,  No.  36,  p.  32. 

Type   locality.     Payette,  Idaho. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Eastern  Oregon  and  western  Idaho;  north  to  Pres- 
cott,  Washington,  south  to  Bieber,  California. 

Gent.  Char.     Similar  to  R.  megalotis,  but  black  above  less  buffy. 

Color.  Summer  Pelage.  More  brownish  generally  and  less  black 
than  in  winter. 

Winter  Pelage.  Upperparts  mixed  black  and  pale  ochraceous, 
darkest  on  dorsal  region;  buff  lateral  line  indistinct ;  tail  above  black- 
ish brown,  beneath  white;  underparts,  hands  and  feet  white;  ears 
hair-brown;  hairs  ochraceous.  Type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Rhithrodontomys  amoles  Howell. 

Reithrodontomys  (!)  amoles  Howell,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  1914,  No.  36, 
p.  40. 

Type  locality.     Pinal  de  Amoles,  Queretaro,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Like  R.  m.  saturatus  but  smaller;  zygomata  parallel; 
bullae  smaller,  flatter. 

Color.  Upperparts  black  and  ochraceous-buff  mixed;  underparts 
whitish,  pectoral  region  tinged  with  ochraceous-buff;  tail  above  fus- 


66  RITHRODONTOMYS. 

cous,  beneath  grayish  white;  hands  white,  with  a  dusky  stripe  on 
upper  side;  feet  whitish;  ears  dark  brown.  Type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  154;  tail,  83;  hind  foot,  16.5.  Type 
in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Rhithrodontomys  fulvescens  chiapensis  Howell. 

Reithrodontomys  (!)  fulvescens  chiapensis  Howell,  N.  Am.  Fauna, 
1914,  No.  36,  p.  53. 

Type  locality.     Can  job,  Chiapas,  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Highlands  of  the  State  of  Chiapas,  Mexico. 

Gent.  Char.     Similar  to  R.  heholus  but  darker  and  smaller. 

Color.  Upperparts  ochraceous-salmon,  lined  with  black;  lateral 
line  salmon;  underparts  grayish  white;  tail  above  fuscous,  beneath 
whitish;  hands  and  feet  grayish ;  ears  fuscous.  Type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Rhithrodontomys  fulvescens  nelsoni  Howell. 

Reithrodontomys^  (I)  fulvescens  nelsoni  Howell,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  1914, 
No.  36,  p.  53. 

Type  locality.     Colima,  State  of  Colima,  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Coast  region  of  the  State  of  Colima  and  Province 
of  Tepic,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  R.  tenuis  but  smaller;  more  ochraceous. 

Color.  Upperparts  deep  ocbraceous-buff;  tail  above  fuscous, 
beneath  grayish  white;  hands  pale  buff,  feet  whitish;  ears  dusky; 
hair  brown.  Type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Rhithrodontomys  fulvescens  mustelinus  Howell. 

Reithrodontomys  (!)  fulvescens  mustelinus  Howell,  N.  Am.  Fauna, 
1914,  No.  36,  p.  54. 

Type  locality.     Llano  Grande,  Oaxaca,  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Coast  regions  of  the  States  of  Oaxaca  and  Guerrero. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  R.  heholus  but  darker;  underparts  buffy. 

Color.  Upperparts  ochraceous-salmon  mixed  with  black;  under- 
parts pinkish  buff;  tail  above  fuscous,  beneath  whitish;  hands  buffy 
white;  hind  feet  grayish  white;  ears  hair-brown.  Type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.     Total  length,  184;    tail,  105;    hind  foot,  20. 

Rhithrodontomys  rufescens  luteolus  Howell. 

Reithrodontomys  (!)  rufescens  luteolus  Howell,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  1914, 
No.  36,  p.  57. 


RHITHRODONTOMYS.  SCOTINOMYS.  67 

Type  locality,     Juquila  Oaxaca,  Mexico.     Altitude,    5,000   feet. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Mountains  in  States  of  Oaxaca  and  Guerrero, 
Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  R.  rufescens  but  not  so  blackish. 

Color.     Upperparts  rich  ochraceous-buff,  suffused  on  back  with 
blackish  brown;    underparts  pale  pinkish  cinnamon;    tail  above  fus- 
cous, beneath  whitish;   hands  and  feet  whitish,  buff  tinged;   ears  fus- 
cous.    Type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 
Rhithrodontomys  alleni  Howell. 

Reithrodontomys  (!)  alleni  Howell,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  36,  1914, 

P-   59- 

Type  locality.     Ozolotepec,  Oaxaca,  Mexico.     Altitude  10,000  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  R.  coiimcz,  but  back  darker,  whiter  beneath, 
and  tail  longer.  Molars  without  accessory  enamel  loops. 

Color.  Upperparts  light  pinkish  cinnamon  mixed  with  black, 
darkest  on  dorsal  .line;  underparts  white;  tail  above  fuscous,  beneath 
paler;  hands  buffy  white,  feet  grayish  white  tinged  with  hair-brown; 
ears  pale  fuscous.  Type  in  United  States  National  Museum.  . 

Measurements.     Total  length,  182;    tail,  100;    hind  foot,  19. 


Genus  Scotinomys. 

Scotinomys  Thomas,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  XI,  8th  ser.,  1913, 

p.  408.     Type  Hesperomys  teguina  Alston. 

This  genus  was  instituted  by  Thomas  to  replace  Acodon  (71)  for 
the  Central  American  species  formerly  referred  to  that  genus. 

Scotinomys  teguina  (Alston). 

Hesperomys  teguina  Alston,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1876,  p.  755; 
Elliot,  Mamm.  Middle  Amer.  and  W.  Indies,  F.  C.  M.  Pub. 
IV,  Pt.  I,  1904,  p.  273, -figs.  44,  xlii,  Zool.  Ser.;  Id.  Check- 
List  Mamm.  N.  Amer.  Cont.  and  W.  Indies,  F.  C.  M.,  Pub.  VI, 
1905,  p.  204,  Zool.  Ser. 
Type  locality.  Coban,  Guatemala. 

Scotinomys  teguina  apricus  (Bangs). 

Akodon  (!)  teguina  apricus  Bangs,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  XXXIX, 
1902,  p.  40;  Elliot,  Mamm.  Middle  Amer.  and  W.  Indies,  F.  C. 
M.  Pub.,  IV,  Pt.  I,  1904,  p.  274,  Zool.  Ser.  Id.  Check-List 
Mamm.  N.  Amer.  Cont.  and  W.  Indies,  F.  C.  M.  Pub.  VI,  1905, 
p.  204,  Zool.  Ser. 
Type  locality.  Boquete,  Chiriqui,  Panama. 


58  SCOTINOMYS.  RHIPIDOMYS.  NEOTOMA. 

Scotinomys  irazu  (Allen). 

Akodon  (!)  irazu  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XX,  1904,  p.  46; 
Elliot,  Mamm.  Middle  Amer.  and  W.  Indies,  F.  C.  M.  Pub. 
IV,  Pt.  i,  1904,  p.  274;    Id.     Mamm.  N.  Amer.  Cont.  and  W. 
Indies,  F.  C.  M.  Pub.,  VI,  1905,  p.  204,  Zool.  Ser. 
Type  locality.     Volcan  de  Irazu,  Costa  Rica. 

Scotinomys  xerampelinus  (Bangs). 

Akodon  (!)  xerampelinus  Bangs,  Bull.  Mus.  Compf  Zool.,  XXXIX, 

1902,  p.   41;    Elliot,   Mamm.   Middle  Amer.   and  W.   Indies, 

F.  C.  M.  Pub.,  IV,  Pt.  i,  1904,  p.  275,  Zool.  Ser.;  Id.    Mamm. 

N.  Amer.  Cont.  and  W.  Indies,  F.  C.  M.  Pub.,  VI,  1905,  p.  205, 

Zool.  Ser. 
Type  locality.     Volcan  de  Chiriqui,  Chiriqui,  Panama. 

Genus*  Rhipidomys. 

Rhipidomys  Tschudi,  Wiegm.  Archiv.  Naturg.,  I,    1844,  p.   252. 
Type  Hesperomys  leucodactylus  Tschudi. 

Rhipidomys  scandens   Goldman. 

Rhipodomys  scandens  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.  LX,  1913,  No.  22, 
p.  8. 

Type  locality.  Rio  Limon,  Mount  Pirri,  eastern  Panama.  Alti- 
tude, 5000  feet. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  R.  Venezuela,  but  darker. 

Color.  Entire  upperparts  pale  cinnamon-rufous  lined  with  black; 
underparts,  hairs  white  to  the  roots;  tail  brownish  above  and  beneath 
with  slight  tuft  at  tip;  hands  white;  feet  white,  on  outer  side;  choco- 
late-brown on  inner.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  330;  tail,  198;  hind  foot,  32. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  31.1;  Hensel,  26.8;  zygomatic  width, 
19.2;  intertemporal  width,  5.3;  length  of  nasals,  18.8;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  5.7;  length  of  mandible,  15.2;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  5.7.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Subfamily  Neotominae.     Wood  Rats. 
Genus  Neotoma  (72). 

Neotoma  fuscipes  simplex  True. 

Neotoma  macrotis  simplex  True,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.   Mus.,  XVII, 
1894,  p.  354. 


NEOTOMA.  69 

Neotoma  fuscipes  dispar  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  IX,  1894, 
p.  124;  Elliot,  Syn.  Mamm.  N.  Amer.,  1901,  p.  160  (F.  C.  M. 
Pub.,  Zool.  Ser.  II). 

Type  locality.     Fort  Tejon,  California. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Eastern  basal  slopes  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  in  Inyo 
and  Kern  Counties,  California,  and  through  Walker  Pass  to  the  foot- 
hill region  at  the  southern  end  of  the  San  Joaquin  Valley,  Upper 
Sonora  Zone. 

Genl.  Char.  Hairs  of  under  surfaces  unicolored  to  roots;  anterior 
palatal  spine  touches  the  vomer. 

Color.  Entire  upperparts  fuscous  and  buff;  underparts  white  to 
root  of  hairs;  hands  and  feet  white;  tail  black  above,  white  beneath. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  380;  tail,  167;  hind  foot,  35;  ear, 
27. 

Neotoma  floridana  illinoensis  Howell. 

Neotoma  floridana  illinoensis  Howell,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXIII, 
1910,  p.  28. 

Type  locality.     Wolf  Lake,  Union  County,  Illinois. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Swamp  region  of  southern  Illinois  and  southward  to 
northeastern  Arkansas.  Austroriparian  division  of  lower  austral  zone. 

Genl.  Char.     Like  N.  baileyi  but  tail  darker  and  longer. 

Color.  Fore  part  of  head  and  face  gray,  above  mixed  buff  and 
black,  sometimes  ochraceous-buff  and  black ;  underparts  grayish  white 
with  a  yellow  tinge;  tail  blackish  above,  grayish  white  below;  hands 
and  feet  white.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  395;  tail,  190;  hind  foot,  37.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  49;  in tertemporal  width,  6.5;  zygomatic  width, 
25;  length  of  nasals,  19.6;  palatal  length,  8.6;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  10;  length  of  mandible,  26.6;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  8.9. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Neotoma  intermedia  pretiosa  Goldman. 

Neotoma  intermedia  pretiosa  Goldm.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXII,  1909,  p.  139. 

Type  locality.  Matancita  (also  called  Soledad),  50  miles  north 
of  Magdalena  Bay,  Lower  California,  Mexico.  Altitude  100  feet. 

Geogr.  Distr.  West  coast  and  islands  of  Lower  California  from 
San  Jorge  (southwest  of  Comondu)  south  to  Margarita  Island,  Lower 
Sonoran  Zone. 

Genl.  Char.  Larger  and  paler  than  N.  intermedia,  tail  shorter; 
bullse  larger. 


70  NEOTOMA. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  one-third  of  upperparts  pale  drab-gray 
mixed  with  dusky  or  rusty  hairs;  rest  of  upperparts  pale  ochraceous- 
buff,  more  ochraceous  on  dorsal  line;  cheeks  and  flanks  pale  drab-gray, 
underparts  white;  hands  and  feet  white;  tail  above  blackish,  beneath 
grayish.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  370;  tail,  165;  hind  foot,  41.  Skull: 
Total  length,  47.4;  Hensel,  39.6;  zygomatic  width,  24.6;  intertempo- 
ral  width,  6.4;  length  of  nasals,  18.2;  palatal  length,  6.4;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,  8.4;  length  of  mandible,  24;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  8.4.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

It*  will  be  noticed  that  the  above  description  does  not  agree  with 
that  of  Mr.  Goldman  (/.  c.)  as  he  makes  the  entire  upperparts  pale 
drab-gray,  while  the  type  has  only  about  one-third  of  the  upperparts 
of  that  color. 

Neotoma  intermedia  perpallida  Goldman. 

Neotoma  intermedia  perpallida  Goldm.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXII,  1909,  p.  139. 

Type  locality.  San  Jose  Island,  Gulf  of  California,  Mexico,  Lower 
Sonoran  Zone. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  N.  intermedia  but  smaller  and  paler. 

Color.  Top  of  head  grizzled;  upperparts  pale  drab-gray,  tinged 
with  rusty 'or  cinnamon,  darkest  on  lower  back;  cheeks  and  flanks  light 
buff  paler  than  upperparts;  -underparts  white,  under  fur  plumbeous; 
hands  and  feet  white;  tail  above  pale  grayish,  beneath  white.  Ex 
type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  308.4;  tail,  151.9;  hind  foot,  32.6. 
Skull:  Badly  broken.  Zygomatic  width,  22;  length  of  nasals,  16.8; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  9.6;  length  of  mandible,  18.8;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  8.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Mr.  Goldman  in  his  description  makes  the  cheeks  and  flanks  drab- 
gray,  but  in  the  type  I  find  these  parts  are  a  light  buff. 

Neotoma  intermedia  vicina  Goldman. 

Neotoma  intermedia  vicina  Goldm.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXII, 
1909,  p.  140. 

Type  locality.  Espiritu  Santo  Island,  off  east  coast  of  southern 
Lower  California,  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Espiritu  Santo  Island,  Gulf  of  California,  Mexico. 
Lower  Sonoran  Zone  and  upper  border  of  arid  Tropical  Zone. 

Genl.  Char.     Nearest  to  N.  i.  perpallida  but  darker  in  color. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  upperparts  pale  buff  and  rusty,  plumbeous 
of  under  fur  affecting  slightly  the  general  color;  darkest  on  dorsal 


NEOTOMA.  71 

region,  rump  like  interscapular  region;  cheeks  and  flanks  pale  buff; 
underparts  white;  hands  and  feet  white;  tail  above  blackish,  beneath 
grayish.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  359;  tail,  153;  hind  foot,  27.9. 
Skull:  Total  length,  43.9;  intertemporal  width,  5.5;  zygomatic  width, 
23.5;  length  of  nasals,  16.4;  palatal  length,  6.8;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  8.1;  length  of  mandible,  22.9;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  7.9. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Mr.  Goldman  (I.  c.)  describes  the  upperparts  of  this  form  as  a 
brownish  drab,  but  I  do  not  find  it  so  in  the  type,  but  as  given  above, 
nor  are  the  cheeks  and  flanks  brownish  drab,  but  decidedly  a  pale  buff. 

JNTeotoma  abbreviata  Goldman. 

Neotoma  abbreviata  Goldm.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXII,  1909, 
p.  140. 

Type  locality.  San  Francisco  Island  (near  southern  end  of  San 
Jose  Island),  Gulf  of  California,  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Known  only  from  type  locality. 

Genl.  Char.     Like  N.  intermedia  but  smaller;  tail  very  short. 

Color.  Above  pale  drab-gray,  dusky  hairs  mingled  on  top  of  head 
and  back,  rump  tinged  with  cinnamon  or  pale  rusty;  underparts 
whitish,  fur  at  base  plumbeous;  hands  and  feet  white;  tail  above  pale 
grayish,  beneath  white.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Neotoma  ferruginea  chamula  Goldman. 

Neotoma  ferruginea  chamula  Goldm.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXII, 
1909,  p.  141. 

Type  locality.  Mountains  near  San  Cristobal,  Chiapas,  Mexico. 
Altitude  8,400  feet. 

Geogr.  Distr.  High  mountains  of  Central  Chiapas,  Mexico,  and 
southwestern  Guatemala,  Transition  and  Canadian  Zones. 

Genl.   Char.     Resembling  N.  ferruginea  but  darker.     Size  large. 

Color.  Upperparts  tawny  cinnamon-rufous,  many  hairs  tipped 
with  black;  outer  sides  of  limbs  hair-brown,  a  brownish  buff  tinge 
on  hind  legs;  underparts  dull  white;  hands  white;  feet  dusky;  toes 
white;  nose,  lips  and  ankles  dusky;  tail  blackish  above,  grayish  brown 
below.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  363;  tail,  178;  hind  foot,  39. 
Skull:  Total  length,  45.6;  zygomatic  width,  23;  intertemporal  width, 
5.8;  length  of  nasals,  18.3;  palatal  length,  8.9;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  9.3;  length  of  mandible,  22.7;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  9.6. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


72  NEOTOMA. 

Neotoma  albigula  warreni  Merriam. 

Neotoma  albigula  warreni  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXIr 
1908,  p.  143. 

Type  locality.  Gaumes  Ranch,  Baca  County  (northwest  corner)  r 
Colorado.  Altitude  4,600  feet. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Plains  region  of  southeastern  Colorado,  and  north- 
eastern New  Mexico,  Upper  Sonoran  Zone. 

Genl.  Char.  Skull  compared  with  that  of  N.  albigula,  its  nearest 
relative,  is  shorter  and  broader;  rostrum  more  swollen;  nasals  broader f 
wider  anteriorly;  zygomatic  arch  more  spreading;  bullae  smaller. 

Color.  Upperparts  gray,  darkest  on  lower  back;  cheeks  gray; 
underparts  white;  tail  above  black,  beneath  white;  hands  and  feet 
white.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  324;  tail,  137;  hind  foot,  36.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  43.5;  Hensel,  36.2;  zygomatic  width,  23.4; 
intertemporal  width,  5.7;  length  of  nasals,  17.6;  palatal  length,  8; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  8.4;  length  of  mandible,  23.2;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  8.7.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Neotoma  albigula  zacatecae  Goldman. 

Neotoma  leucodon  zacatecce  Goldm.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XVIII, 
1905,  p.  30. 

Neotoma  albigula  zacatecce  Goldm.,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  1910,  No.  31,. 
1910,  p.  38. 

Type  locality.     Plateado,  Zacatecas,  Mexico.     Altitude  7000  feet. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Sierra  Madre  in  western  Zacatecas,  Mexico,  Transi- 
tion Zone. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  N.  leucodon  but  darker,  skull  across  ante- 
rior roots  of  zygomata  more  arched;  rostrum  more  decurved;  upper 
incisors  smaller. 

Color.  Entire  upperparts  pale  cinnamon;  cheeks  and  sides  paler; 
dorsal  line  darker,  hairs  black- tipped ;  rump  reddish;  upper  lip  dusky; 
chest  and  inguinal  region  pure  white;  rest  of  underparts  creamy  white; 
tail  above  brownish  black,  beneath  white;  hands  and  feet  white.  Ex 
type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  358;  tail,  162;  hind  foot,  37. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  45.3;  Hensel,  38.7;  zygomatic  width 
(broken);  intertemporal  width,  9.3;  length  of  nasals,  16.6;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,  9;  length  of  mandible,  23.7;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  8.7.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Neotoma  albigula  seri  Townsend. 

Neotoma  albigula  seri  Towns.,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXXI f 
1912,  p.  125. 


NEOTOMA.  73 

Type  locality.     Tiburon  Island,  Gulf  of  California,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Very  like  N.  albigula;  skull  has  a  narrower  inter- 
temporal  area;  narrower  nasals,  especially  at  anterior  end. 

Color.  Head,  entire  upperparts  and  flanks  light  buff;  the  hairs  on 
lower  back  and  rump  tipped  with  black,  giving  these  parts  a  darker  hue; 
entire  underparts  and  inner  side  of  limbs  white;  hands  and  feet  white; 
outer  side  of  arms  light  buff  like  flanks ;  outer  side  of  hind  legs  darker, 
like  rump;  tail  above  blackish,  thinly  haired;  beneath  white;  ears 
naked,  dark.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.     Total  length,  334;  tail,  154;  hind  foot,  35. 

This  rat  in  general  appearance  is  almost  precisely  like  N.  albigula, 
but  the  skull  of  the  type,  that  of  a  young  adult  male  exhibits  differences 
as  mentioned  above.  Whether  these  would  retain  their  comparative 
dimensions  in  a  series  of  old  adult  examples  is  difficult  to  determine, 
but  a  comparison  with  such  specimens,  when  obtained,  is  desirable. 
The  type  could  not  well  be  separated  from  N.  albigula  on  its  exterior 
appearance. 

Neotoma  insularis  Townsend. 

Neotoma  insularis  Towns.,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXXI, 
1912,  p.  125. 

Type  locality.  Angel  de  la  Guardia  Island,  Gulf  of  California, 
Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  N.  intermedia  gilva,  but  paler.  Skull  is 
broader,  the  rostrum  and  teeth  heavier. 

Color.  Entire  upperparts  and  head  light  buff,  lined  on  lower  back 
and  rump  with  black;  entire  underparts,  inner  side  of  limbs,  hands 
and  feet  white;  outer  side  of  limbs  pale  buff;  tail  above  very  sparsely 
covered  with  short  white  hairs,  beneath  white.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  290;  tail,  120;  hind  foot,  35. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  38.8;  Hensel,  36.8;  zygomatic  width, 
21.8;  intertemporal  width,  5.2;  length  of  nasals,  17.6;  length  of  palate, 
16.7;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  8.5;  length  of  mandible,  20.6; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  8.6.  Ex  type  in  United  States. National 
Museum . 

Neotoma  chrysomelas  Allen. 

Neotoma  chrysomelas  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXIV, 
1908,  p.  653. 

Type  locality.     Matagalpa,  Nicaragua.  . 

Geogr.  Distr.  Known  only  from  the  type-locality.  Altitude  3000 
feet. 


74  EVOTOMYS. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  dorsal  region  to  base  of  tail  golden-brown 
lined  with  black;  sides  of  head  and  body  golden-brown;  no  black  lines; 
throat,  underparts  and  inner  side  of  limbs  white;  outer  side  of  limbs 
golden-brown,  passing  into  dusky  toward  wrists  and  ankles;  hands 
white,  feet  mixed  white  and  dusky;  tail  hairy,  black  above  grayish 
beneath;  ears  dark  brown,  mostly  naked.  Ex  type  in  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  380;  tail,  170;  hind  foot,  36. 
Skull:  Total  length,  47;  Hensel,  38.5;  zygomatic  width,  25;  inter- 
temporal  width,  6.6;  length  of  nasals,  19;  length  of  upper  molar  series, 
8.7;  length  of  mandible,  24.1;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  9.1.  Ex 
type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 


Subfamily  Microtinae. 
Genus  Evotomys  (80). 

Evotomys  phaeus  Swarth. 

Evotomys  phaus  Swarth,  Univ.  Calif.  Publ.  Zool.,  VII,  1911,  p.  127. 
Type  locality.     Marten  Arm,  Boca  de  Quadra,  Alaska. 

Evotomys  dawsoni  insularis  Heller. 

Evotomys  dawsoni  insularis  Heller,   Univ.   Calif.   Publ.   Zool.,  V, 

iQio,  P-  339- 

Type  locality.  Canoe  Passage,  Hawkins  Island,  Prince  William 
Sound,  Alaska. 

Evotomys  gapperi  athabascae  Preble. 

Evotomys  gapperi  athabasca  Preble,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  1908,  No.  27, 
p.  178. 

Type  locality.  Fort  Smith,  Slave  River,  near  Alberta- Mackenzie 
Line,  Canada. 

Genl.  Char.  Equal  in  size  to  E.  gapperi;  face  grayer,  flanks  and 
lower  parts  lighter.  Skull  larger;  braincase  less  round. 

Color.  Red  Phase.  Nose  and  sides  of  face  gray;  underparts  white ; 
hands  white;  feet  pale  brown;  tail  above  brown,  white  beneath.  Ex 
type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  148;  tail,  38;  hind  foot,  1 8.  Skull: 
Occipi to-nasal  length,  25.3;  Hensel,  21.5;  zygomatic  width,  13.1; 
intertemporal  width,  3.9;  length  of  nasals,  7.8;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  5.2;  length  of  mandible,  13;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  5.4. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


EVOTOMYS.  MICROTUS.  75 

Evotomys  limitis  Bailey. 

Evotomys  limitis  Bailey,  Proc.   Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI,  1913,  p. 

133: 

Type    locality.     Mogollon     Mountains,     New    Mexico.     Altitude 

8500  'feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Larger  and  grayer  than  E.  galei.  Skull  and  teeth 
heavier. 

Color.  Nose  and  face  dark  gray ;  top  of  head  and  upperparts  pale 
chestnut;  flanks  buffy;  underparts  white;  plumbeous  of  under-fur 
showing;  tail  reddish  brown  above,  white  beneath;  hands  and  feet 
whitish.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  162;  tail,  42;  hind  foot,  20.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  26.1;  Hensel,  22.9;  zygomatic  width,  14.7; 
intertemporal  width,  3.9;  length  of  nasals,  8;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  5.3;  length  of  mandible,  13.6.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Genus  Micro tus  (81). 

Microtus  admiraltiae  Heller. 

Micro  tus  admiralties  Heller,  Univ.  Calif.  Publ.  Zool.,  V,  1909,  p. 

256. 
Type  locality.     Windfall  Harbor,  Admiralty  Island,  Alaska. 

Microtus  miurus  Osgood. 

Microtus  miurus  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  1901,  No.  21,  p.  64. 

Type  locality.  Head  of  Bear  Creek  in  mountains  near  Hope  City, 
Turnagain  Arm,  Cook  Inlet,  Alaska. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  small,  tail  short.  Skull:  Superior  outline  nearly 
straight,  interorbital  region  slightly  depressed;  dorsal  depressions 
between  fron to-maxillary  sutures;  interparietal  twice  as  long  as  wide; 
third  upper  molar  with  two  closed  triangles;  first  lower  molar  with  five 
closed  triangles,  five  inner  and  four  outer  salient  angles. 

Color.  Fall  Pelage.  Upperparts,  face,  sides  and  flanks  pale  tawny, 
mixed  slightly  with  black;  underparts  buffy;  tail  dusky  above,  on 
sides  and  beneath  buffy.  Worn  Summer  Pelage.  Upperparts  pale 
buffy  gray,  plumbeous  at  roots  of  hair;  underparts  whitish  gray, 
faintly  suffused  with  buff.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  153;  tail  vertebrae,  31;  hind  foot, 
90.  Skull:  Basal  length,  26;  zygomatic  breadth,  15;  mastoid  breadth, 
11.4;  nasals,  7;  alveolar  length  of  upper  molar  series,  6.2.  Ex  type 
in  United  States  National  Museum. 


76  MICROTUS. 

Microtus  miurus  oreas  Osgood. 

Microtus  miurus  oreas  Osgood,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX,  1907, 
p.  61. 

Type  locality.     Toklat  River,  Alaskan  Range,  Alaska. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  M.  miurus,  but  more  ochraceous;  tail 
shorter.  Skull  narrower;  braincase  longer;  zygomata  not  so  wide 
anteriorly. 

Color.  Upperparts  and  flanks  clay-color,  mixed  on  back  with 
dusky;  underparts  pale  ochraceous-buff;  hands  and  feet  cream-buff; 
tail  pale  ochraceous-buff,  tinged  with  dusky  above.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  125;  tail,  20;  hind  foot,  19.2. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  26;  Hensel,  24.5;  zygomatic  width,  13; 
intertemporal  width,  3.4;  length  of  nasals,  7.4;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  5.2;  length  of  mandible,  14.5;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  5.7. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Microtus  ochrogaster  (Wagner). 

Hypudaus  ochrogaster  Wagn.,  Schreb.  Saugeth.  Suppl.,  Ill,  1842, 

p.  592. 
Armcola  austerus  Le  Conte,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VI,  1853, 

p.  405. 
.  Armcola  (Pedomys)  cinnamomea  Baird,  Mamm.  N.  Am.,  1857,  P- 

541- 

Microtus  austerus  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  F.  C.  M.  Pub.,  II, 
1901,  p.  196,  fig.  40,  Zool.  Ser.;  Id.  Check-List  Mamm.  N.  Am. 
Cont.  and  West  Indies,  VI,  1905,  p.  248. 
Microtus  ochrogaster  Osgood,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX,  1907, 

p.  48. 

Type  locality.     Racine,  Racine  County,  Wisconsin. 
Geogr.  Distr.     Central  portion  of  Mississippi  Valley  from  Wisconsin 
to  southern  Missouri  and  Fort  Reno,  Oklahoma,  west  to  eastern  Kan- 
sas and  Nebraska. 

In  the  synonymy  of  Microtus  austerus  (which  was  the  name  of 
this  species  in  the  Check-List,  p.  248)  Hypudaus  ochrogaster  is 
placed  with  a  ?.  Osgood  (/.  c.)  has  shown  that  his  name  belongs  to  the 
larger  specimen  of  the  two  Wagner  had  for  his  type,  and  therefore  it 
will  be  the  one  by  which  the  species  will  be  hereafter  known.  The 
type  is  in  the  Zoological  Museum,  Munich. 

Microtus  elymocetes  Osgood. 

Microtus  elymocetes  Osgood,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XIX,  1906. 
p.  71. 


MICROTUS.  77 

Type  locality.  East  side  of  Montague  Island,  Prince  William 
Sound,  Alaska. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  large;  similar  in  color  to  M.  yakutatensis.  Skull 
large  and  heavy;  zygomata  deeply  notched  anteriorly. 

Color.  Upperparts  raw-umber,  color  produced  by  a  mixture  of 
cinnamon  and  dusky;  pectoral  and  inguinal  regions  grayish;  rest  of 
underparts  clay-color;  head  and  flanks  like  back;  tail  above  dark 
brown,  beneath  whitish;  hands  dusky  brown,  edges  whitish  gray; 
feet  grayish  white  at  base,  dusky  brown  apically.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  201;  tail,  40;  hind  foot,  23.5. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  31;  Hensel,  29;  zygomatic  width,  18.6; 
intertemporal  width  3.9;  length  of  nasals,  9.2;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  7.4;  length  of  mandible,  18.3;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  7. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Microtus  mordax  bernardinus  Merriam. 

Microtus  mordax  bernardinus  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXI, 
1908,  p.  145. 

Type  locality.  Dry  Lake,  San  Bernardino  Mountains,  California. 
Altitude,  9000  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  M.  mordax  in  general  appearance.  Skull 
heavier;  nasals  longer  and  broader;  zygomatic  arches  wider,  and 
zygomatic  processes  more  developed. 

Color.  Upperparts  snuff -brown;  tips  of  hairs  buffy;  cheeks  gray; 
flanks  pale  grayish  brown  mixed  with  buffy;  underparts  grayish 
white,  plumbeous  under-fur  showing;  tail  brown  above,  whitish 
beneath;  hands  dusky,  feet  pale  brown.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  1 80;  tail,  56;  hind  foot,  21.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  26.5;  Hensel,  23.3;  zygomatic  width,  15.3; 
length  of  nasals,  7.7;  palatal  length,  6;  length  of  upper  molar  series, 
6.3;  length  of  mandible,  15.2;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  9.2.  Ex 
type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Microtus  provectus  Bangs. 

Microtus  provectus  Bangs,  Proc.  N.  Engl.  Zool.  Club,  IV,  1908, 
p.  19. 

Type  locality.     Block  Island,  Rhode  Island. 

Genl.  Char.  Larger  than  M.  pennsylvanicus,  belly  gray.  Skull 
longer  than  narrower. 

Color.  Upperparts  yellow-bistre,  some  hairs  with  dusky  brown 
tips;  underparts  gray;  middle  of  belly  and  between  arms  whitish; 
hands  and  feet  dusky  brown;  tail  above  dusky,  beneath  grayish. 


78  MICROTUS. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  169-184;  tail,  44-50;  hind  foot, 
22-23.  Skull:  Basal  length,  28.6;  Occipito-nasal  length,  29;  length 
of  nasals,  8.8;  zygomatic  width,  17;  interorbital  width,  4;  width 
of  nasals,  3.4;  mastoid  width,  n;  upper  molar  series,  7;  length  of 
palate  to  palatal  notch,  14.6;  to  end  of  pterygoid,  19.4;  length  of 
palatal  slits,  5.2;  length  of  single  half  of  mandible,  18.4;  lower  molar 
series,  6.8  (Bangs). 

Microtus  operarius  endqecus  Osgood. 

Microtus  operarius  endoscus  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  1909,  No.  30, 
P.  23. 

Type  locality.  Mouth  of  Charlie  Creek,  Yukon  River,  about 
fifty  miles  above  Circle,  Alaska. 

Genl.  Char.     Like  M.  operarius,  bullae  larger. 

Color.  Same  as  M.  operarius  (see  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901, 
p.  187).  No  difference  in  outward  appearance.  Type  compared  with 
M.  operarius  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  179;  tail,  42;  hind  foot,  20.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  27.5;  Hensel,  26.1;  zygomatic  width,  15.8; 
intertemporal  width,  3.7;  length  of  nasals,  7.8;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  6.7;  length  of  mandible,  15.3;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  6.9. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Microtus  coronarius  Swarth. 

Microtus  coronarius  Swarth,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  VII,   1911, 

p.  131. 
Type  locality.     Egg  Harbor,  Coronation  Island,  Alaska. 

Microtus  (Lagurus)  curtatus  artemisiae  Anthony. 

Microtus  curtatus  artemisia  Anthony,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
XXXII,  1913,  p.  14. 

Type  locality.  Ironside,  Malheur  County,  Oregon.  Altitude 
4000  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  M.  curtatus  but  smaller.  Skull  shorter, 
nasals  shorter;  zygomatic  width  greater;  mastoid  breadth  greater; 
bullae  smaller,  upper  tooth-row  shorter. 

Color.  Upperparts  and  head  gray,  washed  with  pale  bistre; 
lower  rump  buffy ;  underparts  white,  plumbeous  base  of  hairs  conspicu- 
ous; ears  blackish,  covered  sparsely  with  buffy  hairs;  tail  above  bistre, 
beneath  whitish.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  129;  tail,  24;  hind  foot,  17.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  23.2;  Hensel,  20.8;  zygomatic  width,  14.2; 
intertemporal  width,  3.2;  length  of  nasals,  6.5;  length  of  upper  molar 


MICROTUS.  ONDATRA.  79 

series,  5.8;  length  of,  mandible,  13.1;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  5.8. 
Ex  type  in  American  Museum'  of  Natural  History. 

Microtus  intermedius  Taylor. 

Microtus  (Lagurus)  intermedius  Taylor,  Univ.  Calif.  Publ.  Zool., 
VII,  1911,  p.  253. 

Type  locality.  Head  of  Big  Creek,  Pine  Forest  Mountains,  Hum- 
boldt  County,  Nevada.  Altitude  8000  feet. 


Subgenus  E.  Chilotus. 

Microtus  oregoni  adocetus  Merriam. 

Microtus  oregoni  adocetus  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXI,  1908, 

P-   145- 

Type  locality.     South  Yolla  Bolly  Mountain,  California. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  large,  ears  small;  skull  like  that  of  M.  oregoni 
but  larger;  rostrum  longer;  nasals  and  teeth  larger. 

Color.  Upperparts  sepia  to  reddish  sepia-brown;  underparts 
buffy  plumbeous,  under  fur  showing;  tail  above  dark  brown,  beneath 
paler;  hands  and  feet  whitish.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  172;  tail,  49;  hind  foot,  21.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  25.6;  Hensel,  23.5;  zygomatic  width,  16; 
intertemporal  width,  4.2;  length  of  nasals,  7.4;  palatal  length,  13; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  6;  length  of  mandible,  16;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  6.4.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Genus  Ondatra. 

Ondatra  zibethica  zalophus  (Hollister). 

Fiber  zibethicus  zalophus  Hollist.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXIII, 
1910,  p.  i. 

Type  locality.     Becharof  Lake,  Alaska. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Alaskan  Peninsula,  north  to  Nushagak  and  east 
to  the  head  of  Cook  Inlet. 

Genl.  Char.  Tail  short;  hind  foot  small,  redder  in  color  than 
O.  z.  spatulata;  molars  small;  zygomata  less  spreading  anteriorly. 

Color.  Upperparts  bistre,  darkest  on  hips;  flanks  with  a  tinge  of 
russet;  underparts  creamy  white,  washed  with  cinnamon;  brown 
streak  on  chin;  lips  whitish;  throat  white.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 


80  ONDATRA. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  59.4;  tail,  185;  hind  foot,  66.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  60.7;  Hensel,  55.6;  zygomatic  width,  38.3; 
intertemporal  width,  5.8;  length  of  nasals,  20.9;  breadth  of  nasals, 
9.2;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  14.4;  length  of  mandible,  36.5;  length 
of  lower  molar  series,  13.8.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum . 

Ondatra  zibethica  mergens  (Hollister). 

Fiber  zibethica  mergens  Hollist.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXIII, 
1910,  p.  i. 

Type  locality.     Fallen,  Churchill  County,  Nevada. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Northern  part  of  the  Great  Basin;  southeastern 
Oregon,  northeastern  California,  Nevada,  and  western  Utah. 

Gent.  Char.  Similar  to  O.  osoyoosensis  but  paler;  dorsal  stripe 
distinct. 

Color.  Head  blackish;  cheeks  rusty;  upperparts  grayish  brown; 
dorsal  line  blackish;  shoulders  and  flanks  rusty;  blackish  brown  spot 
on  chin;  underparts  creamy  white  with  a  pale  cinnamon  central  area. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  540;  tail,  240;  hind  foot,  70. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  60.7;  Hensel,  58.4;  zygomatic  width, 
40;  intertemporal  width,  6.7;  length  of  nasals,  21;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  15.5;  length  of  mandible,  32.3;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  14.9.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Ondatra  zibethica  cinnamomina  (Hollister) . 

Fiber  zibethicus  cinnamominus  Hollist.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXIII,  1910,  p.  125. 

Type  locality.     Wakeeney,  Trego  County,  Kansas. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Great  Central  Plains  region  of  western  United 
States  and  Canada,  from  Manitoba  south  to  northern  Texas;  east  to 
central  Iowa,  and  west  to  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

Genl.  Char.  Smaller  than  F.  zibethicus;  color  pale  but  more  red- 
dish. 

Color.  Nose  seal-brown;  cheeks  clay-color;  upperparts  and 
flanks  cinnamon-brown;  dorsal  region  slightly  darker;  small  brown 
spot  on  chin;  underparts  from  throat  and  inner  side  of  limbs  creamy 
clay-color;  tail  dark  brown;  hands  and  feet  drab.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  (skin),  436;  tail,  190;  hind  foot, 
45.4.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  57.4;  Hensel,  52;  zygomatic 
width,  34;  intertemporal  width,  6.07;  palatal  length,  35;  length  of 
nasals,  19.5;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  14.2;  length  of  mandible, 
angle  to  symphysis,  28.2;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  14.5.  Ex  type 
in  United  States  National  Museum. 


SYNAPTOMYS.  DICROSTONYX.  GEOMYS.  81 


Genus  Synaptomys  (83). 

Synaptpmys  borealis  (Richardson). 

Armcola  borealis  Richardson,  Zool.  Journ.,  Ill,  1828,  p.  517. 
Synaptomys  (Mictomys)   bullatus  Preble,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XV,  1902,  p.  181;    Elliot,  Check-List  Mamm.  N.  Am.  Cont. 
and  W.  Indies,  F.  C.  M.  Pub.,  VI,  1905,  p.  258,  Zool.  Ser. 
(desc.). 
Synaptomys  borealis  Osgood,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX,  1907, 

p.  49. 

1  Type  .locality.  Fort  Franklin,  Great  Bear  Lake,  Mackenzie, 
Canada. 

Mr.  Osgood  (/.  c.)  having  examined  Richardson's  type  of  this 
species  found  it  to  be  identical  with  S.  bullatus  Preble,  and  therefore 
Richardson's  name  borealis  must  in  the  future  be  the  one  by  which  the 
species  is  known. 

Genus  Dicrostonyx  (85). 

Dicrostonyx  hudsonius  groenlandicus  (Traill). 

Mus  grcenlandicus  Traill,  Scoresby's  Journ.  Voy.  Northern  Whale- 
Fishery,  1823,  p.  416. 
Type  locality.     Jameson's  Land,  Greenland. 


Family  Geomyidae. 
Genus  Geomys  (89). 

Geomys  breviceps  llanensis  Bailey. 

Geomys  bremceps  llanensis  Bailey,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  25,  1905, 
p.  129. 

Type  locality.     Llano,  Llano  County,  Texas. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  G.  bremceps,  but  paler  and  larger;  skull 
more  arched. 

Color.  Entire  upperparts  light  liver-brown;  back  tinged  with 
dusky;  underparts  creamy  white;  tail  buff.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

1  The  locality,  given  in  the  Check- List  (/.  c.),  "Trout  Rock  near  Fort  Rae,  Great 
Slave  Lake,  Mackenzie,  Canada,"  is  of  course  that  of  Treble's  specimen,  called  by 
him  'bullatus,'  and  now  a  synonym  of  borealis. 


82  ORTHOGEOMYS.  HETEROGEOMYS. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  270;  tail,  88;  hind  foot,  32.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  47.2;  Hensel,  40;  zygomatic  width,  29.6;  inter- 
temporal  width,  6.3;  length  of  nasals,  17.5;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  8.5;  length  of  mandible,  29;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  8.4. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Genus  Orthogeomys  (90). 
Straight-headed  Pocket  Gophers. 

Orthogeomys  cuniculus  Elliot. 

Orthogeomys    cuniculus    Elliot,    Proc.    Biol.    Soc.    Wash.,    XVIII, 

iQ°5>  P-  234- 

Type  locality.     Yautepec,  State  of  Oaxaca,  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Known  only  from  type-locality. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  medium;  no  nasal  pad;  hair  scanty;  pelage 
rather  harsh;  tail  long,  naked;  skull  heavy;  zygomata  slender,  nar- 
rowest posteriorly;  nasals  long. 

Color.  Upper  and  underparts  vandyke-brown;  flesh  color  of  skin 
visible  through  the  scant  pelage;  hands,  feet  and  tail  flesh  color.  Ex 
type  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  330;  tail,  95;  hind  foot,  44;  ear,  7. 
Skull:  Total  length,  59;  Hensel,  50;  zygomatic  width,  26;  inter- 
temporal  width,  12;  palatal  length,  26;  median  length  of  nasals,  23; 
width  anteriorly,  7;  width  posteriorly,  4;  length  of  upper  molar  series, 
8;  length  of  mandible,  47;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  8.  Ex  type 
in  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History. 


Genus  Heterogeomys  (91). 
Distinct  Pocket  Gophers. 

66 1 a.     Heterogeomys  lanius  Elliot. 

Heterogeomys  lanius  Elliot,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XVIII,  1905, 
P-  235. 

Type  locality.     Xuchil,  State  of  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Known  only  from  type  locality. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  large;  fur  soft,  woolly;  color  very  dark.  Skull 
very  heavy;  nasals  long,  widening  greatly  anteriorly;  zygomata 
broad  anteriorly;  palatal  arch  pointed  but  not  acute;  pterygoids 


HETEROGEOMYS.  MACROGEOMYS.  83 

graduated  to  acute  point;  incisors  large,  heavy,  curved;  mandible 
heavy,  compact. 

Color.  Entire  upperparts  and  sides  blackish  seal-brown;  under- 
parts  dark  hair-brown ;  numerous  white  hairs  on  rump  at  base  of  tail  and 
all  over  the  underparts,  the  base  of  tail  being  almost  white;  hands 
and  feet  very  dark  seal-brown;  tail  blackish,  naked;  claws  very  long, 
curved,  horn-color.  Ex  type  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  361;  tail,  90;  hind  foot,  54;  ear,  10. 
Skull:  Total  length,  64;  Hensel,  51;  zygomatic  width,  41.5;  inter- 
temporal  width,  14;  palatal  length,  39.;  length  of  nasals,  26;  width 
posteriorly,  6;  width  anteriorly,  10;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  14; 
length  of  mandible  to  tip  of  incisors,  53;  length  of  lower  molar  series, 
13.  Ex  type  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History. 


Genus  Macrogeomys  (92). 
Large  Pocket  Gophers. 

Macrogeomys  matagalpae  Allen. 

Macrogeomys    matagalpa    Allen,    Bull.    Amer.    Mus.    Nat.    Hist.,, 

XXVIII,  1910,  p.  97.       • 
Type  locality.     Pena  Blanca,  Matagalpa,  Nicaragua. 

Macrogeomys  dariensis  Goldman. 

Macrogeomys  dariensis  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX,  No.  2,  1912, 
p.  8. 

Type  locality.     Cana,  eastern  Panama.  .  Altitude,  2000  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  in  size  to  M.  cavator,  tail  longer;  skull  longer, 
narrower  posteriorly;  braincase  and  rostrum  narrower;  third  upper 
molar  shorter,  heel  less  produced ;  incisors  narrower. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  chocolate-brown;  rest  of  body  nearly 
devoid  of  hair,  only  some  scattering  light  brown  ones;  hands,  feet  and 
tail  brownish.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  401;  tail,  132;  hind  foot,  53.5. 
Skull:  Total  length,  .69.3;  Hensel,  61.6;  zygomatic  width,  44.7;  inter- 
temporal  width,  10.9;  length  of  nasals,  27.8;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  15.1;  length  of  mandible,  48.2;  length  of  lower  molar  series, 
13.6.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


84  THOMOMYS. 

Genus  Thomomys  (94). 
Pocket  Gophers. 

Thomomys  albatus  Grinnell. 

Thomomys  albatus  Grinnell,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  X,  1912,  p.  172. 

Type  locality.  West  side  of  Colorado  River,  at  old  Hanlon  Ranch, 
near  Pilot  Knob,  Imperial  County,  California. 

Thomomys  talpoides  agrestis  Merriam. 

Thomomys  talpoides  agrestis  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXI, 
1908,  p.  144. 

Type  locality.     Medano  Ranch,  San  Luis  Valley,  Colorado. 

Genl.  Char.  Like  T.  talpoides  but  color  paler.  Skull  longer  and 
narrower;  zygomata  less  wide;  jugal  part  of  zygomatic  arch  narrower. 

Color.  Upperparts  drab,  sometimes  the  top  of  the  head  tinged 
with  pale  red;  dusky  ear-spots;  underparts  whitish,  plumbeous  under 
fur  showing;  tail  above  and  beneath  buffy;  hands  and  feet  white. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  220;  tail,  55;  foot,  29.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  41.2;  Hensel,  35.6;  zygomatic  width,  23.6; 
intertemporal  width,  6.7;  length  of  nasals,  5.4;  palatal  length,  7.5; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  7.8;  length  of  mandible,  24.5;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  8.2.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Thomomys  talpoides  bullatus  Bailey. 

Thomomys  talpoides  bullatus  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII, 
1914,  p.  115. 

Type  locality.     Powderville,  Montana. 

Genl.  Char.  Equal  in  size  to  T.  talpoides,  but  the  audital  bullae 
larger;  teeth  lighter  and  color  paler. 

Color.  Crown  bright  buffy  hazel,  Upperparts  lighter;  underparts 
buffy;  ear-patch  blackish;  chin,  hands,  feet  and  tail  white.  In 
some  examples  the  white  on  chin  is  absent.  Type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Measurements.     Total  length,  238;    tail,  72;    foot,  30. 

Thomomys  talpoides  caryi  Bailey. 

Thomomys  talpoides  caryi  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII, 
1914,  p.  115. 

Type  locality.  Head  of  Trapper  Creek,  Bighorn  Mountains, 
Wyoming.  Altitude  9500  feet. 


THOMOMYS.  85 

Genl.  Char.  About  equal  to  T.  clusius.  Skull  with  wider  inter- 
parietal,  and  smaller  bullse;  color  darker. 

Color.  Ear-patch  blackish;  nose  plumbeous;  upperparts  dull 
grayish  brown;  chin  white;  underparts  buffy;  tail  gray,  tip  whitish; 
hands  and  feet  white.  Type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.     Total  length,  196;  tail,  54;  foot,  26. 

Thomomys  talpoides  nebulosus  Bailey. 

Thomomys  talpoides  nebulosus  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXVII,  1914,  p.  116. 

Type  locality.  Sand  Creek  Canon,  Black  Hills,  Wyoming.  Alti- 
tude, 3750  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  equal  to  T.  talpoides.  Skull  slender,  dentition 
lighter. 

Color.  Blackish  ear-patch;  nose  dusky;  upperparts  dull  walnut- 
brown;  underparts  buffy;  chin  white;  tail,  hands  and  feet  whitish 
gray.  Type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.     Total  length,  230;  tail,  66;  foot,  32. 

Thomomys  pryori  Bailey. 

Thomomys  pryori  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII,  1914, 
p.  116. 

Type  locality.  Head  of  Sage  Creek,  Pryor  Mountains,  Montana. 
Altitude  6000  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Equal  to  T.  clusius.  Skull  wide,  nasals  short,  incisors 
projecting. 

Color.  Upperparts  dull  walnut-brown;  nose  plumbeous;  cheeks 
dark  gray;  ear-patch  black;  underparts  dark  buff;  tail,  hands  and 
feet  buffy.  Type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.     Total  length,  210;    tail,  60;    foot,  29. 

Thomomys  bottae  russeolus  Nelson  and  Goldman. 

Thomomys  botta  russeolus  Nels.  and  Goldm.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXII,  1909,  p.  25. 

Type  locality.  San  Angel,  30  miles  west  of  San  Ignacio,  Lower 
California,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.     Color  pale.     Skull  small,  light;    bullae  rounded. 

Color.  Upperparts  ochraceous  buffy;  underparts  creamy  white; 
belly  sometimes  pale  buff;  hands,  feet  and  tail  covered  sparsely  with 
white  hairs.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  208;  tail,  73;  foot,  29.5,  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  36.6;  Hensel,  33.3;  zygomatic  width  broken; 
intertemporal  width,  6.2;  length  of  nasals,  13;  palatal  length,  6.3; 


86  THOMOMYS. 

length  of  upper  molar  series,  7.5;   length  of  mandible,  22.2;   length  of 
lower  molar  series,  7.9.     Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Thomomys  bottae  minor  Bailey. 

Thomomys  botta  minor  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII, 
1914,  p.  116. 

Type  locality.     Fort  Bragg,  Mendocino  County,  California. 

Genl.  Char.  Smaller  than  T.  botta  with  narrower  skull,  slender 
rostrum,  and  posterior  end  of  nasals  emarginate.  Color  darker. 

Color.  Nose,  face  and  around  ears  blackish;  upperparts  dark 
cinnamon-brown  and  black;  underparts  ochraceous-buff;  lips  white; 
tail  grayish;  hands  and  feet  white.  Type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.     Total  length,  226;    tail,  73;    foot,  29. 

Thomomys  alpinus  awahnee  Merriam. 

Thomomys  alpinus  awahnee  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXI, 
1908,  p.  146. 

Type  locality.     Yosemite  Valley,  Mariposa  County,  California. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  small;  similar  in  color  to  M.  alpinus.  Skull 
small,  nasals  narrow  anteriorly;  bullas  small. 

Color.  Summer.  Entire  pelage  varying  from  russet-brown  to  near 
ochraceous,  brightest  on  sides  of  neck  and  flanks.  Winter.  Entire 
pelage  dusky  tinged  with  sepia-brown,  sometimes  ochraceous  brightest 
on  sides  of  neck  and  flanks;  underparts  mixed  black  and  buff;  tail 
above  dark  gray  on  basal  half,  whitish  beneath,  blackish  at  tip; 
hands  and  feet  whitish.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  194;  tail,  54;  hind  foot,  28.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  34.8;  Hensel,  3.5;  zygomatic  width,  21.4; 
intertemporal  width,  6.5;  length  of  nasals,  11.9;  length  of  palate,  6.5; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  7;  length  of  mandible,  21.4;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  6.6.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Thomomys  apache  Bailey. 

Thomomys  apache  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXIII,  1910, 
p.  79. 

Type  locality.  Lake  La  Jara,  on  the  Jicarilla  Apache  Indian 
Reservation,  New  Mexico.  Altitude,  7500  feet. 

Genl.  Char.     Size  large;  hind  feet  and  tip  of  tail  white. 

Color.  Upperparts  sooty  gray  washed  with  buffy  ochraceous, 
blackish  dorsal  stripe;  tail  blackish  for  three-fourths  its  length,  re- 
mainder white;  lips,  hands  and  feet  white,  chin  sometimes  white; 


THOMOMYS.  87 

underparts  mixed  black  and  buff.     Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  250;  tail,  85;  hind  foot,  34.  Skull: 
Total  length,  42.7;  zygomatic  width,  28;  intertemporal  width,  7.1; 
length  of  nasals,  14;  mastoid  breadth,  23;  palatal  length,  7;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,  8.5;  length  of  mandible,  28.8;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  7.9.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Thomomys  canus  Bailey. 

Thomomys  canus  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXIII,  1910, 
p.  79. 

Type  locality.  Deep  Hole  at  north  end  of  Smoke  Creek  Desert, 
Washoe  County,  Nevada. 

GenL  Char.     Larger  than  T.  aureus;  colors  pale, 

Color.  Ear-patch  dusky;  nose  brownish,  upperparts  pale  buff- 
gray;  underparts,  tail,  hands  and  feet  whitish.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  242;  tail,  64;  hind  foot,  33.  Skull: 
Occipito -nasal  length,  37.8;  Hensel,  35.2;  intertemporal  width,  6.1; 
zygomatic  width,  28;  length  of  nasals,  15;  mastoid  breadth,  23; 
palatal  length,  6.3;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  9;  length  of  mandible, 
24.9;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  7.1.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Thomomys  chrysonotus  Grinnell. 

Thomomys  chrysonotus  Grinnell,  Univ.  Calif.  Publ.  Zool.,  X,  1912, 

p.  174. 
Type  locality.     Ehrenberg,  Yuma  County,  Arizona. 

Thomomys  magdalenae  Nelson  and  Goldman. 

Thomomys  magdalena  Nels.  and  Goldm.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXII,  1909,  p.  24. 

Type   locality.     Magdalena'  Island,   Lower   California,    Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.     Nearest  to  T.  b.  anitce  but  paler;   skull  larger. 

Color.  Upperparts  pale  buffy,  tinged  with  ochraceous;  lips  and 
underparts  creamy  white;  hands,  feet  and  tail  sparsely  covered  with 
white  hairs.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  255;  tail,  87;  hind  foot,  36.  Skull: 
Total  length,  43.2;  Hensel,  38;  zygomatic  width,  29.1;  intertemporal 
width,  6  4;  length  of  nasals,  15.2;  palatal  length,  7.9;  length  .of  upper 
molar  series,  8.9;  length  of  mandible,  26.1;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  9.6.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


88  THOMOMYS. 

Thomomys  mewa  Merriam. 

Thomomys  mewa  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXI,  1908,  p.  146. 

Type  locality.     Raymond,  Madera  County,  California. 

Genl.  Char.  Two  phases  of  pelage, —  summer  varying  from  ful- 
vous to  ferruginous;  winter  dusky  tinged  with  russet-brown.  Skull 
small;  nasals  straight  not  narrowing  posteriorly;  anterior  angle  of 
zygomata  thickened. 

Color.  Summer.  Upper  and  under  parts  fulvous  to  ferruginous. 
Winter.  Upperparts  dusky,  tinged  with  russet-brown;  underparts 
plumbeous  washed  with  buffy  ochraceous;  tail  pale  fulvous;  hands 
and  feet  whitish.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  225;  tail,  60;  hind  foot,  27.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  37.5;  Hensel,  35.5;  zygomatic  width,  2.5; 
intertemporal  width,  6.3;  length  of  nasals,  12;  palatal  length.  6.6; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  7.4;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  23.7. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Thomomys  neglectus  Bailey. 

Thomomys  neglectus  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII,  1914, 
p.  117. 

Type  locality.  Bear  Flat  Meadow,  San  Antonio  Peak,  San  Gabriel 
Mountains,  California.  Altitude  6400  feet. 

Genl.  Char.     Size  medium;   skull  long,  narrow;   color  very  dark. 

Color.  Nose,  face  and  ear-patch  blackish;  upperparts  dark  gray, 
hairs  black-tipped;  underparts  dull  buff;  tail  gray;  hands  and  feet 
whitish.  Type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.     Total  length,  229;    tail,  77;    foot,  31. 

Thomomys  mearnsi  Bailey. 

Thomomys  mearnsi  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII,  1914, 
p.  117. 

Type  locality.  Gray's  Ranch,  in  Animas  Valley,  southwest  corner 
of  New  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Smaller  than  T.  fulvus;  skull  short,  wide,  projecting 
incisors  very  slender. 

Color.  Nose  and  ear-patches  blackish;  upperparts  dull  cinnamon ; 
underparts  pale  cinnamon;  tail  buffy  gray;  hands  and  feet  whitish. 
Type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.     Total  length,  220;  tail,  69;  foot,  31. 

Thomomys  fuscus  columbianus  Bailey. 

Thomomys  fuscus  columbianus  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXVII,  1914,  p.  117. 


THOMOMYS.  89 

Type  locality.     Touchet,  Walla  Walla  County,  Washington. 

Genl.  Char.     Larger  than  T.  fuscus;    color  paler. 

Color.  Ear  and  postauricular  patch  black;  upperparts  light 
brown;  sides  and  belly  pale  buffy  gray;  nose  slaty;  tail  gray,  tip 
white;  hands  and  feet  whitish.  Type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.     Total  length,  209;  tail,  60;  foot,  38. 

Thomomys  fuscus  saturatus  Bailey. 

Thomomys  fuscus  saturatus  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII, 
1914,  p.  117. 

Type  locality.  Silver,  in  western  corner  of  Missoula  County, 
Montana.  Altitude,  4300  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Larger  than  T.  fuscus;  skull  long,  high,  braincase 
narrow,  nasals  wide;  color  darker. 

Color.  Nose  plumbeous;  ear-patch  black;  upperparts  dark  hazel ; 
sides  yellowish;  underparts  buffy;  tail,  hands  and  feet  buffy  gray. 
Type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.     Total  length,  225;  tail,  77;  foot,  30. 

Thomomys  fuscus  loringi  Bailey. 

Thomomys  fuscus  loringi  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII, 
1914,  p.  118. 

Type  locality.     South  Edmonton,  Alberta,  Canada. 

Genl.  Char.     Larger  than  T.  fuscus;  color  duller;  dentition  heavier. 

Color.  Black  ear-patch;  nose  slaty  gray;  upperparts  dull  russet- 
brown;  sides  buff;  underparts  buff,  base  of  fur  plumbeous;  tail  pale 
buff;  hands  and  feet  soiled  whitish.  Type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.     Total  length,  199;  tail,  47;  foot,  25. 

Thomomys  nevadensis  atrogriseus  Bailey. 

Thomomys  nevadensis  atrogriseus  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXVII,  1914,  p.  118 

Type  locality.     Nampa,  Idaho. 

Genl.  Char.  Two  phases,  gray  and  black.  Equal  in  size  to  T. 
nevadensis;  skull  wider  at  base;  pterygoids  thicker. 

Color.  Gray  Phase.  Nose  and  face  blackish;  ear-patch  black; 
upperparts  dark  buffy  gray;  underparts  rich  buff;  lining  of  cheek 
pouches  black  and  white;  chin  white;  tail,  hands  and  feet  white.  Type 
in  United  States  National  Museum.  Black  Phase.  Dull  slaty  black 
above  and  below;  chin,  toes  and  lower  part  of  hands  and  feet  white. 

Measurements.     Total  length,  315;   tail,  100;   foot,  38. 


90  DTPODOMYS. 

i 

Family  Heteromyidae. 
Subfamily  Dipodomyinae. 
Genus  Dipodomys  (95). 

Dipodomys  insularis  Merriam. 

Dipodomys  insularis   Merr.,   Proc.   Biol.   Soc.   Wash.,   XX,    1907, 

P-  77- 

Type  locality.     San  Jose  Island,  Gulf  of  California,  Mexico. 

Gent.  Char.  Size  small,  color  pale;  skull  with  maxillary  arches 
broad. 

Color.  Upperparts  pinkish  buff,  tinged  with  vinaceous  on  rump; 
lips,  cheeks,  underparts,  limbs,  hands  and  feet  white;  tail  above  and 
beneath  with  end-tuft  purplish  brown;  sides  white.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  243 ;  tail,  143;  hind  foot,  39.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length ,  3  5 ;  Hensel,  22.4;  zygomatic  width,  17.1;  inter- 
temporal  width,  13.4;  length  of  nasals,  12.8;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  4.4.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Dipodomys  margaritae  Merriam. 

Dipodomys  margarita  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX,  1907, 
p.  76. 

Type  locality.     Margarita  Island,  Lower  California,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  small,  color  pale.  Skull  with  slender  rostrum,, 
small. bullae;  zygomata  squarely  spreading. 

Color.  Like  D.  arenivagus  but  dark  hairs  intermixed  with  ground- 
color, pale  pinkish  buff  lined  with  dark  hairs;  rest  of  pelage,  with  legs,, 
hands  and  feet  white;  tail  short,  pale  brown  above  and  beneath,  sides 
white,  tuft  purplish  brown.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  234;  tail,  144;  hind  foot,  38, 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  33.6;  Hensel,  22;  zygomatic  width,  17.1; 
intertemporal  width,  12.9;  length  of  nasals,  12.5;  palatal  length, — ; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  4.3;  length  of  mandible,  12.8;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  4.2.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Dipodomys  merriami  kernensis  Merriam. 

Dipodomys  merriami  kernensis  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXr 
1907,  p.  77. 


DIPODOMYS.  91 

Type  locality.  Onyx,  west  end  of  Walker  Pass,  Kern  County, 
California. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  small,  color  pale,  similar  to  D.  nevadensis. 
Skull-  square,  zygomata  widely  spreading;  nasals  long  and  mastoids 
small. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  pinkish  buff;  rest  of  pelage,  limbs, 
hands  and  feet  pure  white;  tail  Prout's  brown,  sides  white  and  tuft 
purplish  brown!  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  240;  tail,  140;  hind  foot,  37. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  32.5;  Hensel,  21.5;  zygomatic  width. 
16;  in tertemporal  width,  13.1;  length  of  nasals,  12.6;  palatal  length, 
7.1;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  4.5;  length  of  mandible,  3.2;  length 
of  lower  molar  series,  3.6.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Dipodomys  platycephalus  Merriam. 

Dipodomys  platycephalus  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX,  1907, 
p.  76. 

Type  locality.     Calmalli,  Lower  California,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  D.  insularis  but  darker;  tail  sooty.  Skull 
larger,  with  larger  mastoids. 

Color.  General  color  ochraceous-buff  lined  with  dark  hairs,  ankles 
same  hue;  underparts  white;  limbs,  hands  and  feet  white;  tail  above 
and  beneath  mixed  buff  and  brown;  sides  white,  long  tuft  at  top 
purplish.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  238;  tail,  145;  hind  foot,  38.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  34;  Hensel,  21.2;  zygomatic  width,  37.8; 
intertemporal  width,  14.1;  length  of  nasals,  13.8;  palatal  length,  7.3; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  4.2;  length  of  mandible,  10.5;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  4.4.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Dipodomys  nelsoni  Merriam. 

Dipodomys  nelsoni  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX,  1907,  p.  75. 

Type  locality.     La  Ventura,  Coahuila,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Smaller  than  D.  spectabilis;  zygomatic  arch  not  so 
wide;  mastoids  of  nearly  equal  size. 

Color.  Upperparts  grizzled  buff,  tinged  on  rump  and  flanks  with 
vinaceous;  underparts  white,  outer  side  of  limbs  white,  inner  side 
blackish  brown;  tail  above  black;  lateral  white  stripe  for  about  two- 
thirds  the  length  beneath  dusky  brown,  end  not  tufted,  white.  Ex 
type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  330;  tail,  204;  hind  foot,  50.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  41.3;  Hensel,  29.1;  zygomatic  width,  21.1; 


92  PERODIPUS. 

intertemporal  width,  14.2;  length  of  nasals,  13.4;  palatal  length,  9.2; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  6;  length  of  mandible,  13.8;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  5.2.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Dipodomys  spectabilis  cratodon  Merriam. 

Dipodomys  spectabilis  cratodon  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX, 

1907,  P-  75- 

Type  locality.     Chicalote,  Aguas  Calientes,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  in  appearance  to  D.  spectabilis,  but  having  a 
larger  skull,  and  heavier  and  broader  incisors. 

Color.  Top  of  head  pale  ochraceous-buff;  upperparts  ochra- 
ceous-buff,  the  black  bases  of  hairs  showing;  flanks  clear  buff;  spot 
behind  ears,  lips,  root  of  tail  and  entire  rest  of  pelage  including  limbs, 
hands  and  feet,  pure  white;  tail  above  on  basal  half  dark  brown, 
remainder  black,  tip  white;  beneath  dark  brown.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  324;  tail,  217;  hind  foot,  52.5. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  45.2;  Hensel,  32.7;  zygomatic  width, 
24.1;  intertemporal  width,  17.5;  length  of  nasals,  16.5;  palatal  length, 
1 1. 8;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  6.2;  length  of  mandible,  16.8; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  6.1.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Genus  Perodipus  (96). 

Perodipus  perplexus  Merriam. 

Perodipus  perplexus  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX,  1907,  p.  79. 

Type  locality.     Walker  Basin,  Kern  County,  California. 

Genl.  Char.  Skull  resembles  that  of  P.  panamintinus,  and  is 
squarish  in  shape,  and  smaller,  with  interparietal  and  basi-occipital 
narrower. 

Color.  Nose  and  space  before  eyes  pale  ochraceous-buff;  top  of 
head  and  upperparts  ochraceous-buff,  mixed  with  black;  flanks  clear 
ochraceous-buff;  cheeks,  usual  streak  across  thighs,  entire  underparts, 
limbs,  hands  and  feet  pure  white;  thighs  like  upperparts;  tail  dark 
brown  for  half  the  length  from  base,  remainder  white.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  213;  tail,  186;  hind  foot,  41.9. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  40;  Hensel,  27;  zygomatic  width,  19.8; 
intertemporal  width,  12.3;  length  of  nasals,  13.9;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  4.8;  length  of  mandible,  12.5;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  4.9.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


PERODIPUS.  93 

Perodipus  morroensis  Merriam. 

Perodipus  morroensis  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX,  1907,  p.  78. 

Type  locality.     Morro,  San  Luis  Obispo  County,  California. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  P.  simulans  but  with  smaller  ears  and 
blacker  nose-bar.  Skull  has  a  broad  zygomatic  arch,  small  mastoids 
and  slender  incisors. 

Color.  Spot  on  nose  and  whisker-patches  jet  black,  forming  a 
bar  across  face;  upperparts  ochraceous-buff;  tinged  with  olivaceous; 
front  of  face  grizzled  buffy;  top  of  head,  like  back;  flanks  clear  ochra- 
ceous-buff, rest  of  pelage  white;  thighs  like  back;  limbs,  hands  and 
feet  white;  tail  above  blackish  brown  on  basal  half,  purplish  brown 
on  remainder;  sides  white,  beneath  dark  brown.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  300;  tail,  182;  hind  foot,  45.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  38.8;  Hensel,  26.7;  zygomatic  width,  20;  inter- 
temporal  width,  13.2;  length  of  nasals,  13.8;  palatal  length,  9.6; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  5;  length  of  mandible,  13;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  4.7.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Perodipus  Stephens!  Merriam. 

Perodipus  stephensi  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX,  1907,  p.  78. 

Type  locality.     San  Jacinto  Valley,  Riverside  County,  California. 

Genl.  Char.  Like  P.  streatori,  but  with  slight  difference  in  skull. 
Cranial  shield  broader  posteriorly;  mastoid  bullae  fuller,  incisors 
weaker. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  mixed  black  and  ochraceous-buff, 
black  predominating;  flanks  ochraceous-buff,  no  black;  black  line 
across  face,  curving  down  to  end  of  nose;  spot  behind  eyes,  one  behind 
ears,  lips,  entire  underparts,  arms  on  outer  and  inner  sides,  inner 
side  of  hind  legs,  hands  and  feet  pure  white;  tail  above  blackish, 
including  tuft;  sides  white,  beneath  dark  brown.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  294;  tail,  175;  hind  foot,  39. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  38.6;  Hensel,  26.5;  zygomatic  width, 
1 8. 6;  intertemporal  width,  12.4;  length  of  nasals,  14.1;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,  4.9 ;  length  of  mandible,  14. 2 ;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  4.6.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Perodipus  simulans  peninsularis  Merriam. 

Perodipus  simulans   peninsularis  Merr.,    Proc.  Biol.   Soc.  Wash., 

XX,  1907,  p.  79. 

Type  locality.     Santo  Domingo,  Lower  California,  Mexico. 
Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  D.  simulans  but  larger;  general  color  paler; 


94  PEROGNATHUS. 

skull  like  that  of  D.  simulans  with  slight  variations.  Nose-patch  not 
connected  with  whisker  marks. 

Color.  General  hue  pale  buff  slightly  lined  with  dark  hairs; 
flanks  chamois;  spot  over  eye  and  one  behind  ears,  lips,  entire  under- 
parts,  stripe  over  thigh,  hands  and  feet  and  root  of  tail  white;  face 
in  front  of  eyes  creamy  white ;  tail  dark  brown  above  and  below ;  sides 
white,  tuft  dusky.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  312;  tail,  203;  hind  foot,  45. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  38.7;  Hensel,  23;  zygomatic  width,  20.9; 
intertemporal  width,  11.5;  length  of  nasals,  13;  length  of  palate,  7.5; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  5.2;  length  of  mandible,  13.8;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  5.1.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Subfamily  Heteromyinae. 

Genus  Perognathus  (98).     Pocket  Mice. 

Subgenus  Perognathus. 

Perognathus  fasciatus  litus  Gary. 

Perognathus  fasciatus  litus  Gary,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXIV, 
1911,  p.  61. 

Type  locality.     Sun,  Sweetwater  Valley,  Wyoming. 

Genl.  Char.  Smaller  than  T.  fasciatus;  hind  foot  slightly  larger; 
color  pale. 

Color.  Upperparts  and  flanks  cream-buff,  slightly  lined  with  black ; 
underparts  pure  white;  orbital  ring  and  lateral  line  pale  cream-buff; 
tail  above  dusky,  beneath  white;  hands  and  feet  white.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  128;  tail,  59;  hind  foot,  18.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  22.2;  Hensel,  15.6;  zygomatic  width,  10.2; 
intertemporal  width,  4.7;  length  of  nasals,  7;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  3.3;  length  of  mandible,  8.6;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  2.8. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Perognathus  flavescens  perniger  Osgood. 

Perognathus  flavescens   perniger  Osgood,   Proc.   Biol.   Soc.   Wash., 

XVII,  1904,  p.  127. 

Type  locality.     Vermillion,  Clay  County,  South  Dakota. 
Genl.  Char.     Like  P.  flavescens  in  size,  and  skull,  but  back  black. 
Color.     Head,   top   and   sides  mixed  black  and   ochraceous-buff ; 


PEROGNATHUS.  95 

subauricular  spot  bright  buff;  upperparts  black;  lateral  line  ochra- 
ceous-buff;  underparts  ochraceous-buff;  chin  and  narrow  line  on 
throat  and  breast  white;  tail  above  dusky,  beneath  whitish,  sides 
buffy;  hands  and  feet  buffy;  ears  brownish  black  edged  with  buff. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  140;  tail,  68;  hind  foot,  17.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  20.6;  Hensel,  13.9;  zygomatic  width,  10.6; 
intertemporal  width,  4.8;  length  of  nasals,  8.3;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  2.8;  length  of  mandible,  8.2;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  2.9. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

1  Perognathus  flavescens  copei  Rhoads. 

Perognathus  flavescens  copei  Rhoads,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila., 

1893,    p.    404. 
COPE'S  POCKET  MOUSE. 

Type  locality.     Mobeetie,  Wheeler  County,  Texas. 

Genl.  Char.     Size  small;    tail  hairy,  penicillate. 

Color.  Head  and  upper  back  grizzled  blackish  fawn;  rump,  thighs, 
and  lateral  line  cinnamon;  underparts,  hands  and  feet  white. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  114;  tail,  49;  hind  foot,  15.  Skull: 
Total  length,  19.5;  Hensel,  14.5;  mastoid  breadth,  10;  .nasals,  7; 
interorbital  constriction,  4.5;  mandible,  9.7;  height  of  coronoid  pro- 
cess from  angle,  4.2. 

This  is  considered  by  Bailey  (N.  Am.  Fauna,  1905,  No.  25,  p. 143) 
to  possess  sufficient  characters  to  be  recognized  as  a  bright-colored  race 
of  P.  flavescens. 

Perognathus  bombycinus  Osgood. 

Perognathus  bombycinus  Osgood,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX,  1907, 
p.  19. 

Type  locality.     Yuma,  Arizona. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  P.  panamintinus  bangsi.  Skull  with  large 
mastoids  and  nearly  square  interparietal. 

Color.  Upperparts  pale  vinaceous-buff,  slightly  lined  with  dusky, 
white  spots  at  base  of  ear;  underparts  white.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  131-140;  tail  vertebrae,  77-82;  hind 
foot,  18.5.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  20.4;  interorbital  constric- 
tion, 4.4;  nasals,  7;  interparietal,  2.5  X  2.7;  maxillary  toothrow,  3. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


1  This  in  the  Check- List  is  given  as  a  synonym  of  P.  flavescens,  p.  301. 


96  PEROGNATHUS. 

Perognathus  longimembris  neglectus  Taylor. 

Perognathus  longimembris  neglectus  Taylor,  Univ.  Calif.  Publ.  Zool., 

X,  1912,  p.  155. 
Type  locality.     McKittrick,  Kern  County,  California. 

Perognathus  xanthonotus  Grinnell. 

Perognathus  xanthonotus  Grinnell,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXV, 
1912,  p.  128. 

Type  locality.  Freeman  Canon,  east  slope  of  Walker  Pass,  Kern 
County,  California.  Altitude  4000  feet. 


Subgenus  Choetodipus. 

Perognathus  baileyi  insularis  Townsend. 

Perognathus  baileyi  insularis  Towns.,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
XXXI,  1912,  p.  122. 

Type  locality.     Tiburon  Island,  Gulf  of  California,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  P.  penicillatus  pricei  but  not  so  red,  and  the 
tail  much  longer.  Skull  larger,  broader  and  longer. 

Color.  Entire  upperparts  vinaceous-buff  lined  with  black;  no 
lateral  stripe;  underparts  and  inner  side  of  limbs  white;  outerside 
like  upperparts;  hands  and  feet  white;  tail  above,  basal  half  grayish 
brown,  remainder  with  tuft  darker  brown,  beneath  white.  Ex  type 
in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  212;  tail,  118;  hind  foot,  27. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  28.1;  Hensel,  19.3;  zygomatic  width, 
1 2.1;  intertemporal  length,  6.4;  length  of  nasals,  12.2;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,  3.9;  length  of  mandible,  14.4;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  3.2.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Perognathus  penicillatus  ammophilus  Osgood. 

Perognathus  penicillatus  ammophilus  Osgood,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc. 
Wash.,  XX,  1907,  p.  20. 

Type  locality.     Margarita  Island,  Lower  California,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  about  as  that  of  P.  p.  siccus;  color  paler;  mas- 
toids  smaller. 

Color.  Like  P.  p.  arenarius;  upperparts  ecru-drab;  no  lateral 
line;  underparts  creamy.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  171-188;  tail  vertebrae,  100-113; 
hind  foot,  23.5-25.5.  Skull:  Greatest  length,  26.1;  basilar  length,  1 8; 
mastoid  width,  13.2;  zygomatic  width,  13.1;  interorbital  constric- 
tion, 6.6;  nasals,  9.4;  interparietal,  7.3  X  3.8;  maxillary  toothrow, 
3.8.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


PEROGNATHUS.  97 

Perognathus  penicillatus  seri  Nelson. 

Perognathus  penicillatus  seri  Nelson,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXV, 
1912,  p.  116. 

Perognathus  penicillatus  goldmani  Towns.,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat. 
Hist.,  XXXI,  1912,  p.  122  (nee  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  1900, 
No.  18,  p.  54). 

Type  locality.     Tiburon  Island,  Gulf  of  California,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Much  smaller  than  P.  penicillatus,  and  without  gray 
tints  in  the  coloring. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  pale  ochraceous-buff  lined  with  black; 
darkest  on  lower  back  and  rump;  entire  underparts  and  inner  side 
of  limbs  white;  outer  side  of  limbs  like  upperparts;  indistinct  deep 
buff  line  along  flanks;  hands  and  feet  white;  tail  dusky,  including 
pencil,  beneath  white.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  171;  tail,  90;  hind  foot,  23.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  28.4;  Hensel,  20;  zygoma  tic  width,  15.3;  inter- 
temporal  width,  7 ;  length  of  nasals,  11.9;  length  of  upper  molar  series, 
4.1;  length  of  mandible,  12.8;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  3.8. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Perognathus  penicillatus  siccus  Osgood. 

Perognathus  penicillatus  siccus  Osgood,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XX,  1907,  p.  20. 

Type  locality.     Ceralbo  Island,  Lower  California. 

Genl.  Char.  Larger  than  P.  'p.  arenarius,  rump  bristles  rarely 
present;  color  dimorphic.  Skull  large,  heavy;  mastoids  large. 

Color.  Upperparts  buffy  fawn;  narrow  lateral  line  pinkish  buff; 
underparts  creamy  —  gray  phase  has  upperparts  ranging  from  drab-gray 
to  broccoli-brown.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  165-187;  tail  vertebrae,  92-102; 
hind  foot,  23.5-26.  Skull:  Greatest  length,  25.9;  basilar  length, 
17.7;  mastoid  width,  13.8;  zygomatic  width,  12.6;  interorbital  con- 
striction, 6.6;  nasals,  8.9;  interparietal,  7.2  X  3.6;  maxillary  tooth- 
row,  4.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Perognathus  spinatus  occultus  Nelson. 

Perognathus  spinatus  occultus  Nelson,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXV, 

1912,  p.  116. 
Perognathus  spinatus  nelsoni  Towns.,  Bull.  Amer.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 

XXXI,  1912,  p.  122  (nee  Merr.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila., 

1894,  p.  266). 

Type  locality.     Carmen  Island,  Gulf  of  California,  Mexico. 
Genl.  Char.     Darker  than  P.  spinatus;  tail  shorter. 


98  PEROGNATHUS.  HETEROMYS. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  buff,  heavily  lined  with  black,  dark- 
est on  lower  back;  entire  underparts  and  inner  side  of  limbs  white; 
outer  side  of  limbs  like  upperparts;  hands  and  feet  white;  tail  above 
dusky  including  the  pencil;  beneath  white.  Ex  type  in  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  172;  tail,  93;  hind  foot,  24.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  26;  Hensel,  17.5;  zygomatic  width,  13;  inter- 
temporal  width,  6.5;  length  of  nasals,  9.6;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  3.9;  length  of  mandible,  11.4;  length  of  lower  molar  series, 
3.7.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Perognathus  spinatus  magdalense  Osgood. 

Perognathus  spinatus  magdalence  Osgood,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XX,  1907,  p.  21. 

Type  locality.     Magdalena  Island,  Lower  California,-  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  P.  s.  peninsula;  mastoids  smaller;  ros- 
trum longer. 

Color.  Like  P.  s.  peninsula  but  more  vinaceous;  upperparts  fawn 
color  lined  with  dusky;  narrow  lateral  line  fawn  color;  underparts 
creamy  white.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  188-200;  tail  vertebrse,  110-122; 
hind  foot,  23.5-25.  Skull:  Greatest  length,  26.4;  basilar  length, 
17.9;  mastoid  width,  12.6;  zygomatic  width,  12.8;  interorbital  con- 
striction, 6.9;  nasals,  10.5;  interparietal,  8.1  X  3.6;  maxillary  tooth- 
row,  4.3.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Genus  Heteromys  (99).     Spiny  Pouched  Rats. 

Subgenus  Heteromys. 

Heteromys  zonalis  Goldman. 

Heteromys  zonalis  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LVI,  1912,  No.  36, 
p.  9. 

Type  locality.     Rio  Indio,  near  Gatun,  Canal  Zone,  Panama. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  H.  desmarestianus  but  darker,  with  the 
slender  hairs  on  back  paler;  no  lateral  line ;  skull  heavy. 

Color.  Upperparts  blackish;  flanks  and  outer  side  of  limbs 
mouse-gray;  underparts,  inner  side  of  limbs,  the  line  on  hind  legs 
going  to  the  metatarsus,  cream-buff;  hands  and  feet  buff;  tail  above 
blackish,  below  whitish  at  base,  brownish  all  around.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.     Total  length,  263;  tail,  134;  hind  foot,  35.     Skull: 


HETEROMYS.  99 

Occipito-nasal  length,  36.5;  Hensel,  25.5;  zygomatic  width,  1 7 ;  inter- 
temporal  width,  10 ;  length  of  nasals,  15.2;  width  of  braincase,  15.2; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  5.3;  length  of  mandible,  5.3;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  4.8.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 
Mr.  Goldman  states  that  the  underparts  and  line  along  the  flanks 
and  inner  side  of  limbs  and  feet  are  white,  but.  I  find  these  parts  in  the 
type  a  cream-buff,  the  feet  being  a  little  darker. 

Heteromys  temporalis  Goldman. 

Heteromys  temporalis  Goldm.,  N.  Amer.  Fauna,  No.  34,  1911,  p.  26. 

Type  locality.     Motzorongo,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Heavily  forested  eastern  basal  slopes  of 'mountains  in 
central  part  of  the  state  of  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico.  Humid  Tropical  Zone. 

GenL  Char.  Size  large;  no  lateral  line;  skull  with  slender  rostrum ; 
braincase  broad  and  flat. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  mixed  black  and  ochraceous,  dark- 
est on  lower  back,  and  outer  side  of  arms  brown  with  buff  hairs  inter- 
mingled; dorsal  line  darker,  underparts,  hands  and  feet  yellowish 
white;  ankles  dusky;  tail  above  dusky,  beneath  whitish.  Ex  type 
in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  220;  tail,  180;  hind  foot,  37. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  38.9;  Hensel,  27.5;  zygomatic  width, 
17.8;  inter  temp  oral  width,  10.2;  length  of  nasals,  16.2;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,  5.3 ;  length  of  mandible,  17.5;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  5.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

In  the  original  description  of  this  species,  the  head  and  upperparts 
and  outer  side  of  fore  legs  are  said  to  be  mouse-gray.  I  found  nothing 
whatever  of  this  color  in  the  type,  the  parts  being  as  described  above; 
also  the  feet  and  hands  were  not  white  but  showed  a  strong  yellowish 
tint. 

Heteromys  fuscatus  Allen. 

Heteromys  fuscatus  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXIV,  1908, 

p.  652. 
Type  locality.     Tuma,  Nicaragua. 

Heteromys  panamensis  Goldman. 

Heteromys  panamensis  Goldm.,  Smith  Misc.  Coll.,  LVI,  1912,  No. 
36,  p.  9. 

Type  locality.  Cerro  Azul,  near  headwaters  of  the  Chagres  River, 
Panama.  Altitude,  2800  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  H.  repens,  but  darker;  rostrum  broader 
posteriorly;  interparietal  broader. 


100  HETEROMYS. 

Color.  Entire  upperparts  blackish,  nearly  pure  black  on  rump, 
with  ochraceous  buffy  hairs  scattered  throughout  the  dark  ones; 
outer  side  of  hind  legs  black;  outer  side  of  arms  and  flanks  slaty  gray, 
the  ochraceous-buff  hairs  interspersed;  lateral  line  ochraceous-buff ; 
underparts  white;  hands  slaty  gray;  fingers  and  feet  whitish;  ankles 
and  third  of  tarsus  dusky;  tail  above  blackish,  beneath  whitish.  Ex 
type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  283;  tail,  148;  hind  foot,  35. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  34.1;  Hensel,  24.2;  zygomatic  width, 
17.1;  intertemporal  width,  9.4;  length  of  nasals,  14.4;  width  of  brain- 
case,  15.2;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  5.3;  length  of  mandible, 
15.4;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  4.6.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Heteromys  australis  conscius  Goldman. 

Heteromys  australis  conscius  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX,  1913, 
p.  8. 

Type  locality.     Cana,  eastern  Panama.     Altitude   2000  feet. 

GenL  Char.     Similar  to  H.  australis  but  darker. 

Color.  Entire  upperparts  slaty  black  lined  with  gray;  lips,  inner 
side  of  limbs,  and  underparts  of  body  whitish;  forearms  white  and 
gray  mixed;  tail  above  brownish,  beneath  lighter;  ankles  dusky; 
hands  and  feet  grayish;  fingers  and  toes  whitish.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  260;  tail,  133;  hind  foot,  32. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  34.7;  Hensel,  23.9;  zygomatic  width, 
16.5;  intertemporal  width,  8.3;  length  of  nasals,  14.4;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  5.4;  length  of  mandible,  15.9;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  5.1.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Heteromys  crassirostris  Goldman. 

Heteromys  crassirostris  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,LX,  No.  2,  1912, 
p.  10. 

Type  locality.  Near  head  of  Rio  Limon,  Mount  Pirri,  eastern 
Panama.  Altitude  5000  feet. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  mixed  black  and  ochraceous;  outer 
side  of  limbs  dark,  with  a  gray  shade;  lips,  throat,  and  under  side  of 
arms  white;  rest  of  underparts  and  under  side  of  thighs  yellowish; 
hands  dusky  to  near  fingers  which  are  white ;  feet  whitish ;  tail  brown 
above,  whitish  beneath.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  267;  tail,  132;  feet,  32.5.  Skull: 
Greatest  length,  34.5;  Hensel,  23.4;  zygomatic  width,  16.3;  inter- 
temporal width,  9.3;  length  of  nasals,  14;  width  of  braincase  in  front 


LIOMYS.  101 

of  auditory  meatus,  14.6;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  5.3;  length  of 
mandible,  15.2;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  5.2.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 


1  Genus  Liomys. 

• 
Liomys  pictus  escuinapae  (Allen). 

Heteromys  pictus  escuinapce  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
XXII,  1906,  p.  211. 

Type  locality.     Escuinapa,  Sinaloa,  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Coastal  Plains  and  Pacific  slope  of  Sierra  Madre 
from  southern  part  of  the  state  of  Sinaloa,  southward  into  typical 
L.  pictus  in  southern  portion  of  the  Province  of  Tepic  and  northwest- 
ern part  of  the  State  of  Jalisco,  arid  tropical  and  lower  Sonoran  Zone. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  L.  pictus  but  paler;  posterior  border  of 
nasals  emarginate. 

Color.  Top  of  head  buff  and  black,  the  latter  being  the  tips  of  the 
hairs;  upperparts  from  head  to  rump  orange-buff  and  black,  grading 
into  brownish  gray  on  rump  and  outer  side  of  limbs;  flanks  orange- 
buff  tempered  by  the  gray  bases  of  the  hairs  showing;  orange-buff 
lateral  line,  lips,  inner  side  of  limbs  white;  hands  and  feet  pale  brown; 
tail  blackish  above,  brownish  beneath.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum 
of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  216;  tail,  1 08,  hind  foot,  24.  Skull: 
Total  length,  30;  Hensel,  21;  zygomatic  width,  14.1;  intertemporal 
width,  7.2;  length  of  nasals,  10.9;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  5; 
length  of  mandible,  12.5;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  4.5.  Ex  type 
in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Liomys  vulcani  (Allen). 

Heteromys  vulcani  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXIV,  1908, 
p.  652. 

Type  locality.  Volcan  de  Chinandega,  Nicaragua.  Altitude 
about  4000  feet. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Vicinity  of  the  Volcan  de  Chinandega  in  the  moun- 
tains of  extreme  western  Nicaragua. 

Color.  The  hairs  on  top  of  head  and  back  are  gray  at  base  with  black 
tips ;  flanks  grayish  brown,  as  is  also  the  outer  side  of  limbs ;  lips,  throat, 
inner  side  of  limbs,  hands  and  feet  pure  white;  tail  above  blackish, 
beneath  white.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 


Employed  as  a  subgenus  in  the  Check-List. 


102  LIOMYS. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  220;  tail,  113;  hind  foot,  25. 
Skull:  Total  length,  30.9;  Hensel,  22.3;  zygomatic  width,  14.1;  inter- 
temporal  width,  6.8;  length  of  nasals,  10.9;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  4.2;  length  of  mandible,  12.9;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  4.9. 
Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Liomys  irroratus  pretiosus  Goldman. 

Liomys  irroratus  pretiosus  Goldm.,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  34,  1911, 
p.  58. 

Type  locality.     Metlaltoyuca,  Puebla,  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Humid  basal  mountain  slopes  in  extreme  eastern 
part  of  the  State  of  San  Luis  Potosi,  northern  portion  of  the  states 
of  Queretaro,  eastern  Puebla,  and  northern  part  of  the  State  of  Vera 
Cruz,  Mexico.  Humid  Tropical  Zone. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  L.  alleni  but  darker;  lateral  line  distinct; 
hind  foot  five-tuberculate ;  skull  small,  rostrum  expanded  anteriorly; 
f rentals  narrow. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  to  hips  narrowing  to  root  of  tail 
mixed  black  and  ochraceous-buff;  flanks,  hips,  and  outer  side  of  legs 
pale  mouse-gray;  lateral  line  pale  ochraceous-buff;  hinderparts, 
hands  and  feet  whitish  buff;  tail  above  dusky,  beneath  whitish,  tip 
all  dark.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  263;  tail,  145;  hind  foot,  34.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  32;  Hensel,  23.6;  zygomatic  width,  15.2; 
intertemporal  width,  7.5;  length  of  nasals,  13.2;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  4.8;  length  of  mandible,  14.5;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  4.4. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

The  above  description  varies  considerably  from  that  given  by  Mr. 
Goldman,  but  I  failed  to  discern  any  mouse-gray  on  the  top  of  head 
and  back  to  the  hips. 

Liomys  irroratus  jaliscensis  (Allen). 

Heteromys  jaliscensis  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXII, 
1906,  p.  251. 

Type  locality.  Las  Canoas,  about  20  miles  west  of  Zapotlan,  Jalisco, 
Mexico.  Altitude  7000  feet. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Tableland*  region  of  the  State  of  Jalisco,  and  north- 
western part  of  the  State  of  Michoacan.  Mainly  lower  Sonoran  Zone. 

Color.  Entire  upperparts  orange-buff  lined  with  black;  flanks 
paler;  outer  side  of  limbs  pale  grayish  brown;  a  buff  lateral  line  from 
shoulder  to  thigh;  entire  underparts,  hands  and  feet  pure  white;  tail 
above  blackish  brown,  beneath  white.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum 
of  Natural  History. 


ZAPUS.  103 

Measurements.  Total  length,  232;  tail,  112;  hind  foot,  27.5. 
Skull:  Total  length,  31.8;  Hensel,  22.7;  zygomatic  width,  14.9; 
intertemporal  width,  8;  length  of  nasals,  13.5;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,.  4.8;  length  of  mandible, — ;  length  of  lower  molar  series, 
13.2.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Dr.  Allen  has  described  this  species  (I.  c.)  as  " dusky  gray"  but 
there  is  not  a  vestige  of  that  hue  anywhere  visible,  except  upon  the 
outer  side  of  the  limbs,  which  have  a  grayish  tint. 

Liomys  guerrerensis  Goldman. 

Liomys  guerrerensis  Goldm.,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  34,  1911,  p.  62. 

Type  locality.     Omilteme,  Guerrero,  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Humid  forested  Pacific  slopes  of  the  Sierra  Madre 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  type-locality.  Humid  Tropical  Zone. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  L.  irroratus,  but  darker  skull  with  heavy 
rostrum;  narrow  palate;  frontals  broad. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  upperparts  glossy  black  grizzled  with 
buff;  sides  of  body  and  outer  side  of  hind  legs  mouse-gray;  lateral 
line  faint  buff;  outer  side  of  arms  grayish;  underparts,  hands  and 
feet  white;  heels  and  inner  side  of  ankles  brownish  black;  tail  above 
black,  beneath  white;  ears  black,  edge  white.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  255;  tail,  127;  hind  foot,  34. 
Skull:  Occipi to-nasal  length,  32.9;  Hensel,  24;  zygomatic  width,  16; 
intertemporal  width,  8.6;  length  of  nasals,  13.2 ;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  5.5;  length  of  mandible,  15.4;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  5.1. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Family  Zapodidae.     Jumping  Mice. 
Subfamily  Zapodinae. 

Genus  Zapus  (100). 
Zapus  luteus  Miller. 

Zapus  luteus  Miller,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXIV,  1911,  p.  253. 

Type  locality.     Espagnola,  New  Mexico.     Type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Genl.  Char.     Resembling  Z.  I.  alleni  Elliot,  but  upperparts  brighter, 
back  less  dark.     Skull  smaller  and  more  slender. 

Color.     Upperparts   ochraceous;    dorsal  area  very  little  of  this 
color  evident,  but  grading  into  sides  without  line  of  demarcation; 


104  LONCHERES.  PROECHIMYS. 

underparts  white;   tail  brown  above,  whitish  beneath;   hands  and  feet 
whitish.     Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  224;  tail,  138;  hind  foot,  31. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  23.8;  Hensel,  17.9;  zygomatic  width, 
11.2;  intertemporal  width,  4.5;  width  of  braincase,  10;  length  of 
nasals,  9.6;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  3.4;  length  of  mandible,  12.2; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  3.4. 

Zapus  luteus  australis  Bailey. 

Zapus  luteus  australis  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI  r 
1913,  p.  132. 

Type  locality.     Socorro,  New  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.     Smaller  and  darker  than  Z.  luteus;    skull  narrower. 

Color.  Upperparts  pale  buffy  yellow,  lined  with  black  hairs, 
black  somewhat  darker;  dorsal  area  indistinctly  marked;  underparts 
pure  white;  hands  and  feet  white;  heels  dusky;  tail  brown  above r 
white  beneath.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  205;  tail,  124;  hind  foot,  29.5. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  21.8;  Hensel,  16.5;  zygomatic  width, 
10.7;  intertemporal  width,  4.2;  length  of  nasals,  8 ;  palatal  length,  3.3; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  3.2;  length  of  mandible,  10.8;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  3.4.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Family  Octodontidae. 
Subfamily  Loncherinae. 

Genus  Loncheres  (101). 

Loncheres  armatus  (I.  Geoffrey) . 

Nelomys  armatus  I.  Geoffroy,  Ann.  Sci.  Nat.,  X,  Ser.  2,  1838,  p.  125. 

Type   locality.     Cayenne,    French    Guiana. 

Geogr.    Distr.     French    Guiana;     Island    of    Martinique,    Lesser 
Antilles.     Type  in  Paris  Museum. 

Genus  Proechimys  (102). 

Proechimys  rubellus  Hollister. 

Proechimys  rubellus   Hollister,   Proc.   Biol.   Soc.   Wash.,   XXVII, 

iQM,  p.  57- 
Type  locality.     Angostura  Valley,  Costa  Rica. 


HOPLOMYS.  105 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  P.  centralis  but  more  red,  and  less  grayish 
and  yellowish  buff.  Tail  shorter. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  mixed  black  and  orange  (black  most 
prominent  at  back  of  head),  giving  all  these  parts  a  reddish  appearance; 
outer  side  of  fore  legs,  and  from  knee  to  foot  on  hind  legs  creamy  white; 
flanks  like  upperparts ;  entire  underparts  and  inner  side  of  legs  creamy 
white;  hands  and  feet  whitish;  tail  at  base  hairy,  colored  like  back, 
remainder  bare,  black  above,  paler  below.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  380;  tail,  130;  hind  foot,  55  (skin). 
Skull:  Total  length,  647;  Hensel,  43.9;  zygomatic  width  (broken); 
intertemporal  width,  (broken);  length  of  nasals,  23.9;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  9.3;  length  of  mandible,  26;  length  of  lower  molar  series, 
9.6.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Genus  Hoplomys. 

Hoplomys  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXIV,  1908,  p.  649. 
Type  Hoplomys  truei  Allen. 

Hoplomys  truei  Allen. 

Hoplomys  truei  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXIV,  1908, 
p.  650. 

Type  locality.     Lavala,  Matagalpa,  Mexico. 

Color.  Upperparts  and  head  pale  rusty  brown,  the  spines  black; 
flanks  grayish  brown;  outer  side  of  limbs  dusky  grayish  brown; 
hands  and  feet  whitish;  entire  underparts  and  inner  side  of  limbs  pure 
white;  tail  naked,  dark  grayish  brown  above,  whitish  beneath;  ears 
black.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  550;  tail,  170;  hind  foot,  53.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  55;  zygomatic  width,  27;  length  of  nasals,  20; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  9.4;  length  of  mandible,  25.8.  Ex  type 
in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Hoplomys  goethalsi  Goldman. 

Hoplomys  goethalsi  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LVI,  No.  36,  1912, 
p.  10. 

Type  locality.     Rio  Indio,  near  Gatun,  Canal  Zone,  Panama. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  H.  truei,  but  cranial  characters  different; 
zygomata  heavier,  jugal  broader,  the  inferior  border  produced  ante- 
riorly, nearly  to  antorbital  foramen,  and  prolonged  posteriorly  into  a 
hook. 


106  ISOTHRIX.  CAPROMYS. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  median  line  of  neck  covered  with  dark 
colored  bristles,  and  from  shoulders  to  rump  by  black-tipped  spines 
overlaying  the  general  cinnamon-rufous  color  of  the  upperparts; 
cheeks  suffused  with  cinnamon-rufous;  outer  side  of  arms  grayish 
brown;  outer  side  of  legs  blackish;  underparts  white;  pectoral  band 
sometimes  present ;  inner  side  of  metatarsus  and  three  inner  toes  whit- 
ish; outer  side  and  two  outer  toes  brownish;  tail  above  blackish, 
beneath  whitish.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  391;  tail,  153;  hind  foot,  54. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  55;  Hensel,  40.4;  zygomatic  width, 
29.2;  intertemporal  width,  13;  length  of  nasals,  16.4;  palatal  length, 
1 1. 8;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  9.3;  length  of  mandible,  29.1; 
lower  molar  series,  10.2.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Genus  Isothrix. 

Isothrix  Wagner,  Arch,  fur  Naturgesc.,  1845,  Bd.  I,  p.  145.  Type 
Isothrix  bistriata  Wagner. 

Isothrix  darlingi  Goldman. 

Isothrix  darlingi  Goldm.,  Smith  Misc.  Coll.,  LX,  1912,  No.  2,  p.  12. 

Type  locality.  Marraganti  (near  Real  de  Santa  Maria),  Rio  Tuyra, 
eastern  Panama. 

Color .  Lips  and  muzzle  mouse-gray ;  white  line  at  base  of  whiskers ; 
nose  and  head  on  top  to  ears  blackish;  cheeks  grayish  brown,  white 
spot  below  eye;  rest  of  upperparts  ochraceous-buff  and  black  under- 
parts pale  ochraceous-buff;  limbs  like  upperparts;  wrists,  ankles  and 
feet  grayish;  tail  blackish  brown  all  around,  covered  with  short, 
upright  whitish  hairs.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  472;  tail,  240;  hind  foot,  44. 
Skull:  Greatest  length,  52.6;  Hensel,  40.3;  zygomatic  width,  24.5; 
intertemporal  width,  13.4;  length  of  nasals,  13.5;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  6.9;  length  of  mandible,  27.6;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  11.3.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Subfamily   Caprornyinse. 
Genus  Capromys  (103). 

Capromys  pilorides  relictus  G.  M.  Allen. 

Capromys  pilorides  relictus  G.  M.  Allen,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool., 
LIV,  1911,  p.  207. 

Type  locality.  Casas  Mountains,  Nueva  Gerona,  Isle  of  Pines, 
Cuba. 


DASYPROCTA.  107 

Family  Agoutidse. 
Genus  Dasyprocta  (107). 

Dasyprocta  punctata  dariensis  Goldman. 

Dasyprocta  punctata  dariensis  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX, 
1913,  No.  22,  p.  n. 

Type  locality.  Near  head  of  Rio  Limon,  Mount  Pirri,  eastern 
Panama.  Altitude  5200  feet. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  D.  punctata  isthmica,  but  larger  and  darker. 

Color.  Top  of  head,  nape  and  shoulders  mixed  black  and  ochra- 
ceous ;  hairs  of  back  dusky,  broadly  tipped  with  orange-buff,  no  annu- 
lations;  hairs  of  rump  dusky,  with  Naples-yellow  tips;  lips,  chin, 
median  line  of  abdomen  and  inguinal  region  whitish;  rest  of  under- 
parts  mixed  black  and  buff;  feet  black.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  610;  tail,  25;  hind  foot,  133. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  111.5;  Hensel,  84.4;  zygomatic  width, 
51.1;  intertemporal  width,  35.4;  length  of  nasals,  42.3;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  20.5;  length  of  mandible,  55.1;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  22.2.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Dasyprocta  punctata  yucatanica  Goldman. 

Dasyprocta  punctata  yucatanica  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX, 
1913,  No,  22,  p.  12. 

Type  locality.     Apazote,  Campeche,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  D.  punctata  but  paler  and  grayer. 

Color.  Top  of  head  mixed  rufous  and  black;  upperparts  mixed 
black  and  pale  tawny  ochraceous;  hairs  annulated;  chin,  lips,  inner 
side  of  limbs,  median  line  of  abdomen  and  inguinal  region  pale  buffy 
tinged  with  yellow;  sides  of  neck  and  abdomen,  and  chest  like  back 
but  paler,  more  gray;  feet  blackish  with  numerous  hairs  ringed  with 
buff.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  522;  tail,  35;  hind  foot,  120. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  108;  Hensel,  83;  zygomatic  width, 
49.8;  intertemporal.  width,  30.5;  length  of  nasals,  44.5;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,  1 9 ;  length  of  mandible,  55.3;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  20.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Dasyprocta  punctata  chiapensis  Goldman. 

Dasyprocta  punctata  chiapensis  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX, 
1913,  No.  22,  p.  13. 


108  CUNICULUS. 

Type  locality.     Huehuetan,  southern  Chiapas,  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Southern  part  of  the  state  of  Chiapas  from  sea-level 
to  3500  feet  altitude,  and  probably  adjacent  parts  of  Guatemala. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  D.  punctata  in  size  and  general  appearance, 
but  cranial  characters  different.  Premaxillae  broader  posteriorly; 
sphenopalatine  vacuities  larger;  audital  bullas  smaller. 

Color.  Very  similar  to  D.  punctata.  Upperparts  mixed  black  and 
tawny  ochraceous,  hairs  annulated;  underparts  similar  but  paler; 
chin,  axillae,  inner  side  of  hind  legs  and  middle  of  abdomen  pale  orange- 
buff;  feet  blackish.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  492;  tail,  30;  hind  foot,  120. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  102.8;  Hensel,  76;  zygomatic  width, 
48.2;  intertemporal  width,  28.5;  palatal  length,  52;  length  of  nasals, 
38.5;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  19.5;  length  of  mandible,  49.6; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  20.6.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Genus  Cuniculus. 

Cuniculus  Brisson,  Regnum  Anim.,  1762,  p.  98.  Type  [Cuniculus} 
paca  Brisson. 

Mr.  Hollister  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Biological  Society  of  Wash- 
ington, Vol.  XXVI,  1913,  p.  79,  calls  attention  to  this  genus  and  claims 
that  the  type  could  not  be  fixed  by  elimination,  as  was  done  by  Dr. 
C.  H.  Merriam,  who  made  Cuniculus  alactaga  (Olivier)  1800,  the  type, 
because  Cuniculus  cauda  longissima  Brisson  which  =  C.  alactaga 
(Olivier)  was  placed  in  brackets  as  doubtfully  referred  to  the  genus, 
and  according  to  Article  30  of  the  International  Code  this  makes  it 
not  permissable,  and  therefore  the  type  must  be  chosen  by  selection. 
He  therefore  makes  [Cuniculus}  paca  Brisson  the  type  and  accordingly 
Cuniculus  supercedes  Agouti  Lacepede,  1799. 

Cuniculus  paca  nelsoni  (Goldman). 

Agouti  paca  nelsoni  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX,  1913,  No.  22, 
p.  9. 

Type  locality.     Catemaco,  southern  Vera  Cruz. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Coastal  plains  and  mountain  slopes  from  the  vicinity 
of  Jalapa,  State  of  Vera  Cruz,  eastward  and  southward  through  States 
of  Tabasco,  Chiapas,  and  the  Peninsula  of  Yucatan  to  eastern  Guate- 
mala, and  western  Honduras. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  A.  p.  mrgata  but  more  rusty  in  color;  no 
dark  stripe  on  flank  below  the  white  one. 

Color.     Upperparts    dark    cinnamon-rufous,    with    narrow    white 


HYDROCHCERUS.  »  109 

stripes  on  flanks ;  rows  of  white  spots  on  sides  of  neck,  becoming  stripes 
on  shoulders  extending  to  hips  and  breaking  again  into  spots  on  sides 
of  rump;  on  flanks  are  two  stripes,  a  dark  and  white  one,  and  above 
the  former  a  row  of  white  spots  go  from  neck  to  rump;  a  shorter  row 
of  similar  spots  extends  along  lower  part  of  back;  an  indistinct  dark 
line  extends  below  the  lower  white  lateral  line,  and  an  indistinct  white 
line  goes  from  the  thighs  to  underparts;  underparts  and  inner  side 
of  limbs  white;  cheeks  grayish  brown;  outer  side  of  fore  limbs  pale 
fawn;  outer  side  of  hind  limbs  dark  cinnamon-rufous.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  794;  tail,  29;  hind  foot,  127. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  147.5;  Hensel,  127.5;  zygomatic  width, 
111.7;  intertemporal  width,  43.3;  length  of  nasals,  55.7;  palatal 
length,  93.7;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  30;  length  of  mandible, 
79.5;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  29.6.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Genus  Hydrochoerus. 

Hydrochcerus  Brisson,  Regnum  Anim.,  1762,  p.  80.  Type  Sus 
hydrochceris  Linn. 

Hydrochoerus  isthmius  Goldman. 

Hydrochcerus  isthmius  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX,  No.  2,  1912, 
p.  ii. 

Type  locality.  Marraganti,  near  the  head  of  tide-water  on  the 
Rio  Tuyra,  eastern  Panama. 

Gent.  Char.  Similar  to  H.  hydrochceris  but  smaller;  cranial  char- 
acters different;  dentition  lighter. 

Color.  General  color  on  upper  and. underparts  deep  rusty  reddish, 
the  color  darker  on  upperparts,  the  hairs  on  underparts  being  scanty, 
not  covering  all  the  skin;  middle  of  face,  cheeks,  lower  part  of  rump 
and  outer  side  of  hind  legs  inclining  to  blackish;  orbital  rings  buffy; 
ears  and  feet  brownish  black,  nearly  bare  of  hairs.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  1025;  hind  foot,  200.  Skull: 
Greatest  length,  200;  occipito-nasal  length,  174;  zygomatic  width, 
116.5;  interorbital  width,  52.5;  length  of  nasals,  median,  67.6;  pala- 
tal length,  122;  length  of  tooth  row,  64.2;  length  of  mandible, 
157;  length  of  lower  tooth  row,  61 .  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 


Order  '  Lagomorpha. 

Family  Ochotonidae.     Pikas. 
Genus  Ochotona  (109). 

Ochotona  albatus  Grinnell. 

Ochotona  albatus  Grinnell,  Univ.  Calif.  Publ.  Zool.,  X,  1912,  p.  125. 

Type  locality.  Near  Cottonwood  Lakes,  Sierra  Nevada  Moun- 
tains, Inyo  County,  California.  Altitude  nooo-feet. 

Ochotona  fenisex  Osgood. 

Lagomys  minimus  Lord,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1863,  p.  98. 

Ochotona  minimus  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  F.  C.  M.  Pub.  II, 
1901,  p.  269.  Zool.  Ser. 

According  to  Mr.  W.  H.  Osgood,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI, 
1913,  p.  80,  the  term  minima,  bestowed  by  Lord  (/.  c.)  on  this  species 
is  preoccupied  by  Lagomys  minimus  Schinz,  Das  Thierreich,  I,  1821, 
p.  320,  and  he  proposes  in  its  place  Ochotona  fenisex,  by  which  name  the 
species  will  be  hereafter  known. 

Ochotona  nigrescens  Bailey. 

Ochotona  nigrescens  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI,  1913, 

P-  133- 

Type  locality.  Je'mez  Mountains,  New  Mexico.  Altitude  10000 
feet. 

Genl.  Char.     Colors  very  dark. 

Color.  Upperparts  cinnamon-brown,  the  hairs  tipped  with  black; 
throat  and  median  part  of  belly  cinnamon-brown;  rest  of  underparts 
pale  buff;  plumbeous  under-fur  showing;  feet  above  whitish;  soles 
of  hind  feet  blackish,  outer  surface  of  ear  black,  inner  surface  dark 
gray  with  black  band  near  tip.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  200;  hind  foot,  30.  Skull,  broken: 
Zygomatic  width,  21;  intertemporal  width,  5.3;  length  of  nasals,  38; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  8;  length  of  mandible,  22 ;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  7.8.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


1  See  Lyon,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  1912,  p.  321. 

110 


OCHOTONA.  Ill 

Ochotona  figginsi  Allen. 

Ochotona  figginsi  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXXI,  1912, 
p.  103. 

Type  locality.     Pagoda  Peak,  Routt  County,  Colorado. 

Color.  Head  and  entire  upperparts  light  buff,  hairs  tipped  with 
black;  shoulders  and  flanks  warm  buff ;  underp arts  buff y  white,  except 
on  chest  which  is  buff;  fore  feet  whitish,  hind  feet  buff.  Ex  type  in 
American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  196;  hind  foot,  26  (skin).  Skull: 
Occipital  region  broken  away;  zygomatic  width,  20.8;  intertemporal 
width,  5;  length  of  nasals,  14.3;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  8.2; 
length  of  mandible,  28.3;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  7.9.  Ex  type 
in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Ochotona  cinnamomea  Allen. 

Ochotona  cinnamomea  Allen,  Mus.  Brooklyn  Inst.  Arts  and  Sci., 
Sci.  Bull.,  I,  1905,  p.  121. 

Type  locality.  Briggs  Meadows,  Beaver  Range,  Beaver  County, 
Utah,  Altitude,  nooo  feet.  Type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History. 

Ochotona  levis  Hollister. 

Ochotona  levis  Hollister,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXV,  1912,  p.  57. 

Type    locality.     Chief    Mountain    Lake,    Montana. 

Genl.  Char.     Size  small;   skull  small;   color  similar  to  O.  princeps. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  pale  buffy  brown;  nape  palest; 
cheeks  and  sides  of  head  rufous;  behind  ears  pale  buff;  flanks  brown- 
ish buff;  underparts  cream-buff,  washed  on  breast  with  rufous;  fore 
feet  cream-buff;  hind  feet  buff.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  178;  tail,  10;  hind  foot,  to  end  of 
claw,  26.4.  Skull:  Total  length,  41.7;  Hensel,  31.6;  zygomatic 
width,  20.5;  intertemporal  width,  5.5;  length  of  nasals,  13.6;  length 
of  upper  molar  series,  6.8;  length  of  mandible,  27.2;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  6.9.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Ochotona  taylori  Grinnell. 

Ochotona  taylori  Grinnell,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXV,  1912, 
p.  129. 

Type  locality.  Warren  Peak,  Warner  Mountains,  Modoc  County, 
California.  Altitude  9000  feet. 

Ochotona  uinta  Hollister. 

Ochotona  uinta  Hollister,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXV,  1912,  p.  58. 


112  ROMEROLAGUS.  SYLVILAGUS. 

Type  locality.     Uintah  Mountains,  Utah. 

Genl.  Char.     Upperparts  uniformly  colored,  no  gray. 

Color.  Entire  Upperparts  clay-color,  finely  lined  with  brown; 
head  darkest,  underparts  cream-buff;  hands  and  feet  yellowish  buff; 
ears  dark  brown,  edged  with  buff;  buff-colored  tuft  of  hairs  inside. 
Type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  202;  hind  foot,  26.6  (skin).  No 
skull. 


Family  Leporidae.     Hares,  Rabbits. 

Genus  Romerolagus  (no). 

Romerolagus  diazi  (Ferrari-Perez). 

Lepus  diazi  Ferrari-Perez,  Cat.  Comis.  Geogr.  Explor.  Repub. 
Mexicana,  1893,  pi.  42;  Miller,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXIV, 
1911,  p.  228. 

Romerolagus  nelsoni  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  X,  1896,  p.  173; 
Elliot,  Mamm.  Middle  Amer.  and  W.  Indies,  IV,  Pt.  I,  F.  C.  M. 
Pub.  1904,  p.  412;    Id.,  Check-List  Mamm.  N.  Amer.  Cont. 
and  West  Indies,  1905,  p.  339. 
Type  locality.     Puebla,  Mt.  Iztaccihuatl,  Mexico. 
Geogr.  Distr.     Mt.  Popocatapetl  and  Mt.  Iztaccihuatl,  State  of 
Mexico. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  311;  hind  foot,  48.6.  Skull: 
Greatest  length,  60.4;  zygomatic  breadth,  29;  intertemporal  width, 
9.8;  length  of  nasals,  24.4;  palatal  length,  7.4;  length  of  upper  tooth- 
row,  n. 6;  length  of  mandible,  38.1;  length  of  lower  toothrow,  12.1. 
Ex  type  of  R.  nelsoni  in  the  United  States  National  Museum. 

The  name  of  this  rabbit  was  for  a  long  time  a  moot  question,  whether 
it  should  be  the  one  here  given  or  that  of  nelsoni  conferred  on  it  by 
Merriam.  The  difficulty  has  been  solved  by  Mr.  Miller  (/.  c.). 


Genus  Sylvilagus. 
Subgenus  B.     Sylvilagus. 

Sylvilagus  floridanus  hitchensi  Mearns. 

Sylvilagus  floridanus   hitchensi   Mearns,   Proc.   U.   S.   Nat.    Mus., 

XXXIX,  1911,  p.  227. 
Type  locality.     Smith's  Island,  Northampton  County,  Virginia. 

1  Employed  in  the  Check-List  as  a  subgenus. 


SYLVILAGUS.  113 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  L.  f.  malhurus,  but  paler;  skull  larger, 
rostrum  thicker;  bullas  larger. 

Color.  Upperparts  pale  sandy  fulvous;  underparts  white;  back 
of  hind  legs  dark  chestnut;  front  white;  ears  dark  brown.  Ex  type 
in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  477;  tail,  70;  hind  foot,  97;  ear  from 
crown,  72.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal length,  76.8;  Hensel,  57.2;  zygomatic 
width,  37.1;  intertemporal  width,  20.9;  median  length  of  nasals,  2.62; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  14.4;  length  of  mandible,  53.3;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  14.5.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Sylvilagus  floridanus  similis  Nelson. 

Sylvilagus  floridanus  similis  Nels.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX, 
1907,  p.  82. 

Type  locality.     Valentine,  Nebraska. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Dry  plains  (mainly  along  wooded  streams)  of 
extreme  western  Minnesota,  eastern  North  and  South  Dakota,  all  of 
Nebraska  (except  possibly  the  Missouri  bottomlands),  northern 
Kansas,  northeastern  Colorado,  along  tributaries  of  Platte  River  to 
base  of  mountains  near  Denver  and  southeastern  Wyoming.  Vertical 
range  from  about  1500  feet  in  northeastern  Nebraska  to  over  5000  feet 
west  of  Denver,  Colorado.  Zonal  range,  mainly  upper  Sonoran. 

Genl.  Char.     Size  small;    color  pale;    ears  short;    skull  small. 

Color.  Top  of  head  pale  pinkish  buff;  sides  of  head  grayish, 
tinged  with  black;  back  pale  pinkish  buff  mixed  with  black;  shoulders 
washed  with  gray;  patch  on  rump  iron  gray;  nape  pale  rusty  rufous; 
front  and  outer  side  of  forelegs  pale  rusty  rufous;  outer  side  of  hind 
legs  dull  cinnamon,  outer  side  of  hind  feet  paler;  top  of  forefeet  pale 
pinkish  buff,  of  hind  feet  white;  tail  above  dusky  gray;  underside 
of  neck  pinkish  buff,  rest  of  underparts  white  with  a  pale  buff  band 
on  lower  part  of  flanks ;  ears  on  outer  side  grizzled  gray  bordered  with 
black  on  front  and  at  tip,  inside  grayish  white.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  average  5,  408;  tail,  52;  hind  foot, 
99;  ear,  50.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  70;  Hensel,  53.2;  zygo- 
matic width,  35.6;  intertemporal  width,  11.5;  length  of  nasals,  26.8; 
palatal  length,  8.2;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  13.5;  length  of  man- 
dible, 37.1;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  14.1.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Sylvilagus  floridanus  restrictus  Nelson. 

Sylvilagus  floridanus  restrictus  Nels.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX, 

1907,  p.  82. 
Type   locality.     Zapotlan,    Jalisco,    Mexico. 


114  SYLVILAGUS. 

Geogr.  Dislr.  Mainly  oak  and  pine  forested  slopes  of  Sierra  Madre 
in  Michoacan,  southern  and  western  Jalisco,  and  southeastern  part 
of  Territory  of  Tepic,  Mexico.  Vertical  range  from  about  4000  to 
5000  feet  in  Michoacan.  Zonal  range  mainly  upper  Sonoran  and  tran- 
sition, but  ranging  down  on  south  slope  of  Sierra  Madre  through 
lower  Sonoran  to  border  of  arid  tropical  zone. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  S.  f.  subcinctus  but  more  reddish;  skull 
with  heavier  rostrum  and  narrower  intertemporal  area. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  upperparts  of  body  ochraceous-buff, 
washed  with  black;  nape  deep  rusty  buff;  neck  on  under  side  dark 
cream-buff;  forelegs  cinnamon-rufous;  top  of  forefeet  ochraceous- 
buff;  back  of  hind  legs  dark  cinnamon-rufous;  top  of  hind  feet  ochra- 
ceous-buff; tail  above  ochraceous;  ears  ochraceous-brown,  bordered 
anteriorly  and  at  tip  with  black;  underparts  of  body  white.  Ex  type 
in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  425;  tail,  55;  hind  foot,  94;  ear,  58. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  74.5;  Hensel,  56;  zygomatic  width,  37.3; 
intertemporal  width,  13.8;  palatal  length,  7.3;  length  of  nasals,  25.2; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  13.6;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  14.2. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Sylvilagus  gabbi  messorius  Goldman. 

Sylvilagus  gabbi  messorius  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX,  No.  2, 
1912,  p.  13. 

Type  locality.     Cana,  eastern  Panama.     Altitude  1800  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  S.  gabbi,  but  more  heavily  overlaid  with 
black. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  upperparts  rusty  heavily  mixed  with 
black,  which  is  almost  the  dominant  color;  nape  ochraceous-buff; 
flanks  and  outer  side  of  thighs  cream  color,  less  black  appearing; 
cheeks  buff  and  black;  under  side  of  neck  buff;  rest  of  underparts 
white;  outer  side  of  fore  legs  and  feet  ochraceous-buff;  hind  feet  on 
upper  side  chamois-buff;  tail  above  ochraceous-buff,  beneath  white; 
ears  brownish  black  on  outer  side  of  anterior  border.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  370;  tail,  17;  hind  foot,  80.  Skull: 
Total  length,  73;  Hensel,  55.3;  zygomatic  width,  36.7;  inter  temporal 
width,  12.5;  palatal  length,  31.2;  length  of  nasals,  29.2;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,  13.6;  length  of  mandible,  51.6;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  13.6.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Sylvilagus  cunicularius  (Waterhouse). 

Lepus  cunicularius  Waterh.,  Nat.  Hist.  Mamm.,  II,  1848,  p.  132; 
Osgood,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX,  1907,  p.  51. 


SYLVILAGUS.  115 

Lepus  vera-crucis  Thos.,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1890,  p.  74,  pi.  vi; 
Elliot,  Mamm.  Middle  Amer.  and  W.  Indies,  F.  C.  M.  Pub., 
IV,  Pt.  i,  1904,  p.  420,  Zool.  Ser.;   Id.  Check-List  Mamm.  N. 
Amer.  Cont.  and  W.  Indies,  1905,  p.  347. 
Type  locality.     Sacualpan,  State  of  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico. 
From  an  examination  of  Waterhouse's  type  in  the  Berlin  Museum, 
Mr.  Osgood  (I.  c.)  decided  that  the  example  could  not  be  separated 
from  Lepus  verce-crucis  Thomas,  and  therefore  this  name  must  become 
a  synonym,  and  the  species  be  known  as  Sylvilagus  cunicularius  (Water- 
house)  . 

Sylvilagus  cognatus  Nelson. 

Sylmlagus  cognatus  Nels.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX,  1907,  p.  82. 

Type  locality.  Near  summit  of  the  Manzano  Mountains,  Valencia 
County,  New  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.  High  mountain  summits  and  adjacent  slopes  of 
central-eastern  New  Mexico..  Vertical  range  from  about  6500  to 
10,200  feet  altitude  on  Manzano  Mountains,  zone  range  mainly  tran- 
sition, and  lower  part  of  Canadian  zone. 

Genl.  Char.  Color  pale;  skull  small  with  slender  supra-orbital 
and  smaller  bullse. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  upperparts  buffy  gray  tinged  with  black; 
rump  iron-gray;  head  about  eyes  rusty  buff;  sides  of  head  iron-gray 
tinged  with  buff,  as  are  also  the  flanks;  nape  rusty  rufous;  sides  of 
neck  and  shoulders  rusty  buff  washed  with  buff -gray;  front  and  sides 
of  legs  pale  rusty;  top  of  fore  feet  whitish;  back  and  outer  side  of 
hind  legs  pale  rusty  cinnamon,  tips  of  hairs  gray;  hind  feet  on  top, 
white;  neck  beneath  pale  buffy  gray,  base  of  fur  plumbeous;  under 
parts  of  body  white;  outer  side  of  ears  buff -gray,  front  edge  of  termi- 
nal third  blackish;  tail  buff -brown  and  washed  with  gray.  Ex  type 
in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  390;  hind  foot,  100;  ear,  68. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  71.7;  Hensel,  55.4;  zygomatic  width, 
36.5;  intertemporal  width,  13.8;  median  length  of  nasals,'  20.9; 
palatal  length,  5.8;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  13.4;  length  of 
mandible,  34;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  12.3.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum, 

Sylvilagus  auduboni  vallicola  Nelson. 

Sylmlagus  auduboni  vallicola  Nels.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX, 

1907,  p.  82. 
Type  locality.     San  Emigdio  Ranch,  Kern  County,  California. 


116  SYLVILAGUS. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Hot,  arid  plains  of  central-interior  California  in 
Salinas,  upper  Cuyama,  and  San  Joaquin  Valleys,  north  to  beyond 
Raymond  and  south  to  Walker  and  Tejon  Passes.  Not  found  west 
of  the  outer  Coast  Range.  Vertical  range  from  about  250  feet  in 
bottom  of  San  Joaquin  Valley  to  4500  feet  altitude  on  western  slope 
of  Sierra  Nevada.  Zonal  range  mainly  lower  Sonoran,  but  extend- 
ing into  upper  Sonoran. 

Gent.  Char.  Size  as  S.  auduboni;  ears  larger,  colors  paler;  head 
pale  ochraceous;  flanks  paler  than  back;  rump  grayish;  nape  pale 
ochraceous-buff;  front  and  sides  of  fore  legs  ochraceous-buff;  top  of 
fore  feet  buffy  white;  back  and  side  of  hind  legs  buff-cinnamon; 
neck  beneath  pale  buff;  rest  of  underparts  white;  tail  above  pale 
grayish  buff;  outer  side  of  ears  buffy  gray,  margined  with  black  at 
tip.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  375;  tail,  73;  hind  foot,  88; 
ear,  68.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  67.8;  Hensel,  52.9;  zygomatic 
width,  34.1;  intertemporal  width,  12.4;  length  of  nasals,  22.5;  pal- 
atal length,  4.9;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  12.8;  length  of  man- 
dible, 45.2;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  12.5.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Sylvilagus  auduboni  cedrophilus  Nelson. 

Syhilagus  auduboni  cedrophilus  Nels.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XX,  1907,  p.  83. 

Type  locality.  Cactus  Flat,  20  miles  north  of  Cliff,  Grant  County, 
New  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Mainly  the  juniper  and  pinon  pine  belt,  north 
through  mountains  of  southern  half  of  New  Mexico  and  along  the 
mogollon  Range  to  east  side  of  San  Francisco  Mountain  of  east- 
central  Arizona.  Vertical  range  from  about  5000  to  8000  feet  in 
western  New  Mexico.  Zonal  range  mainly  upper  Sonoran. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  S.  a.  minor  but  larger  and  darker  in  color. 
Skull :  larger  than  5.  a.  minor  but  bullae  smaller. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  upperparts  dark  buff  washed  with  black; 
flanks  pale  buff,  no  black;  rump-patch  iron-gray;  nape  dark  rusty 
rufous;  front  and  sides  of  fore  legs  dark  rusty  rufous;  back  and  sides 
of  lower  portion  of  hind  legs  rusty  cinnamon;  top  of  hind  feet  white; 
neck  beneath  dark  buff;  rest  of  underparts  white;  outer  side  of  ears 
grayish  buff,  bordered  at  tip  with  black;  tail  above  grayish  brown. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  385;  tail,  35;  hind  foot,  92.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  66.8;  Hensel,  50.8;  zygomatic  width,  34.3; 
intertemporal  width,  10;  length  of  nasals,  26.6;  palatal  length,  5.4; 


SYLVILAGUS.  117 

length  of  upper  molar  series,  11.9;  length  of  mandible,  32.2;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  12.5.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History. 

This  race  appears  to  grade  on  all  sides  into  such  forms  as  S.  a. 
minor  and  S.  a.  arizonce,  so  that  it  is  difficult  to  characterize  some 
examples,  but  as  a  rule  the  specimens  are  more  strongly  buff  on  back 
and  lower  neck. 

Sylvilagus  auduboni  warreni  Nelson. 

Sylvilagus  auduboni  warreni  Nels.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX, 
1907,  p.  83. 

Type  locality.     Coventry,  Montrose  County,  Colorado. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Southwestern  Colorado,  southeastern  Utah,  north- 
western New  Mexico,  northeastern  Arizona,  including  lower  half  of  the 
valley  of  the  Little  Colorado  River,  to  east  base  of  San  Francisco 
Mountain,  and  to  Henry  Mountains,  southeastern  Utah.  Vertical 
range  from  about  5000  to  8500  feet  in  northwestern  New  Mexico. 
Zonal  range  mainly  upper  Sonoran,  extending  into  transition  and  lower 
Sonoran  zones. 

Genl.  Char.  Like  S.  a.  baileyi  but  darker  in  color.  Typical  speci- 
mens are  distinguishable  from  the  species  compared,  but  those  exhib- 
iting the  various  gradations  towards  other  forms  are  not  so  readily 
recognized. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  upperparts  cream-buff,  the  back  washed 
with  black;  nape  pale  rusty  rufous;  rump  iron-gray;  front  and  outer 
side  of  fore  legs  rusty  ochraceous-ruf  ous ;  top  of  fore  feet  white ;  back 
and  outer  side  of  hind  legs  cinnamon;  top  of  hind  feet  wide;  lower 
border  of  flanks  buff;  neck  beneath  dark  buff;  underparts  of  body 
white;  inguinal  portion  dark  buff;  tail  above  iron-gray;  outer  side  of 
ears  grayish  washed  with  black.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  375;  tail,  51;  hind  foot,  102.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  68.5;  Hensel,  52;  zygomatic  width,  34.8; 
intertemporal  width,  12.5;  length  of  nasals,  21.3;  palatal  length,  7.8; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  12;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  12. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

This  form,  like  S.  a.  cedrophilus,  is  recognizable  in  the  typical  style, 
but  difficult  to  recognize  in  its  various  gradations. 

Sylvilagus  auduboni  neomexicanus  Nelson. 

Sylvilagus  auduboni  neomexicanus  Nels.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 

XX,  1907,  p.  83. 
Type  locality.     Fort  Sumner,  Guadalupe  County,  New  Mexico. 


118  SYLVILAGUS. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Pecos  Valley  from  near  Fort  Stockton,  Texas, 
north  to  about  Fort  Sumner,  New  Mexico,  and  thence  east  to  Abilene 
and  Wichita  Falls,  Texas,  and  north  through  eastern  New  Mexico, 
western  Texas  and  western  Oklahoma  to  extreme  south-central 
Kansas.  Vertical  range  from  about  2500  feet  in  western  Texas  to 
5000  feet  in  eastern  New  Mexico.  Zonal  range  lower  Sonoran  and 
lower  part  of  upper  Sonoran  zone. 

Genl.  Char.  Like  S.  a.  minor  but  ears  shorter  and  hind  foot  longer. 
Skull  has  longer  nasals,  smaller  bullae,  intertemporal  width  greater 
and  a  more  flattened  frontal  area. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  back  dark  buff-gray  tinged  with  rusty 
buff;  flanks  similar  to  back,  but  more  gray;  shoulders  deep  rusty  buff ; 
nape  rufous;  outer  side  of  fore  legs  bright  rusty  rufous;  top  of  fore 
feet  dark  buff;  outer  side  of  hind  legs  rusty  cinnamon;  under  side  of 
neck  dark  rusty  buff;  underparts  of  body  white;  outer  side  of  ears 
pale  grayish  buff;  tail  above  buff-gray.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  385;  tail,  59;  hind  foot,  91.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  63.4;  Hensel,  48.9;  zygomatic  width,  33.8; 
intertemporal  width,  11.2;  length  of  nasals,  20;  palatal  length,  6; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  12.1;  length  of  mandible,  44.7;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  12.7.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Musem. 

As  Mr.  Nelson  says  "this  is  not  a  strongly  marked  form,"  but  it 
is  separated  as  a  race  on  account  of  the  legs  and  shoulders  being 
more  rusty  reddish,  the  rusty  buff  tinge  on  rest  of  the  body,  and  small 
ears. 

Sylvilagus  robustus  (Bailey). 

Lepus  pinetus  robustus  Bailey,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  25,  1905,  p.  159. 
Davis  Mountain  Cottontail. 

Type  locality.     Davis  Mountain,  6000  feet  altitude,  Texas. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Davis  and  Chisos  Mountains,  6000  to  8000  feet 
altitude.  Zonal  range  Transition. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  L.  p.  holzneri  but  larger;  braincase  nar- 
rower; postorbital  processes  wider;  bullae  larger. 

Color.  Winter  Pelage.  Crown  and  rump  brownish  gray;  back 
mixed  buff  and  black;  sides  light  ashy  gray;  nape  bright  fawn; 
throat-patch  buffy;  lower  parts  white;  outer  side  of  limbs  pale  rusty 
rufous.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

^Measurements.  Total  length,  460;  tail  vertebrae,  55;  hind  foot, 
104;  ear  from  notch,  67.  Skull:  Basal  length,  60;  length  of  nasals, 
32;  zygomatic  breadth,  34;  width  of  braincase,  26.5;  intertemporal 
width,  13;  mastoid  width,  25.5;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  12.7; 


SYLVILAGUS.  119 

length  of  mandible,  40;   length  of  lower  molar  series,  n.     Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 


Subgenus  D.  Tapeti. 

Sylvilagus  aquaticus  littoralis  Nelson. 

Sylvilagus  aquaticus  littoralis'Nels.,  N.  Amer.  Fauna,  No.  29,  1909, 
P-  273. 

Type  locality.     Houma,  Terrebonne  Parish,  Louisiana. 

Geogr.  Distr.  A  narrow  belt  of  swamps  and  marshes  along  the 
Gulf  coast,  nearly  if  not  entirely  within  the  upper  limits  of  tidewater, 
from  Bay  St.  Louis,  Mississippi,  west  through  Louisiana  to  Matagorda 
Bay,  Texas.  Vertical  range  below  50  feet  altitude,  wholly  within  the 
lower  austral  zone. 

Color.  Top  of  head  f errugineous ;  nape  dark  rufous;  upperparts 
mixed  black  and  cinnamon-buff;  becoming  deeper  buff  on  the  rump; 
flanks  paler  buff,  no  black;  top  of  fore  legs  rusty  buff;  underparts 
dull  grayish  brown;  top  of  hind  legs  pale  rusty;  lower  back  beneath 
a  patch  of  dark  buff ;  rest  of.  underparts  white ;  tail  above  mixed  black 
and  rusty,  beneath  white;  ears  brown.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Skull:  Total  length,  85.6;  Hensel,  68.3;  zygo- 
matic  width,  40.4;  intertemporal  width,  18.3;  length  of  nasals,  29.3; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  15.7;  length  of  mandible,  40.7;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  15.4.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Subgenus  E.     Microlagus. 

Sylvilagus    bachmani    exiguus    Nelson. 

Sylvilagus  bachmani  exiguus  Nels.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX, 
1907,  p.  84. 

Type  locality.     Yubay,  central  Lower  California,  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Arid  middle  part  of  peninsula  of  Lower  California 
from  Alamo  Plain  and  Trinidad  Valley  south  to  Comondu.  Vertical 
range,  from  sea-level  at  San  Quentin  to  about  7000  feet  on  San  Pedro 
Martir  Mountains.  Zonal  range  mainly  upper  and  lower  Sonoran 
extending  into  Transition  on  mgun tains. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  S.  b.  cinerascens,  but  ears  longer  and  bullae 
larger. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  back  pinkish  buff  lined  with  black,  the 
tips  of  the  hairs  being  of  that  color;  flanks  and  rump  gray;  outer 


120  SYLVILAGUS. 

side  of  fore  legs  fawn  color;  nape  pale  ochraceous;  fore  feet  whitish; 
outer  side  of  hind  legs  similar  in  color  to  the  back;  hind  feet  white; 
neck  beneath  pale  gray;  underparts  of  body  white,  base  of  fur  plum- 
beous; tail  above  gray,  beneath  white;  ears  gray.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  315;  tail,  32;  hind  foot,  68;  ear, 
63.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  60.5;  Hensel,  47.5;  zygomatic 
width,  28.3;  intertemporal  width,  9.6;  length  of  nasals,  9.4;  palatal 
length,  4.2;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  10.5;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  10.9.  E)x  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

The  size  of  the  ears  and  bullae  serve  to  distinguish  this  form  when 
compared  with  those  of  5.  b.  cinerascens. 

Sylvilagus  mansuetus  Nelson. 

Sylmlagus  mansuetus  Nels.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX,  1907, 
p.  83. 

Type  locality.     San  Jose  Island,  Gulf  of  California. 

Geogr.  Distr.  San  Jose  Island,  Gulf  of  California,  Mexico.  Verti- 
cal range  from  sea-level  up  to  an  undetermined  altitude  on  low  moun- 
tains. Zonal  range  lower  Sonoran  and  upper  border  of  arid  tropical 
zone. 

Genl.  Char.  Colors  very  pale;  ears  long.  Skull  long  and  narrow; 
nasals  very  long;  intertemporal  width  great;  bullae  large. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  back  yellowish  gray;  tips  of  hairs  black; 
nape  pale  ochraceous-bufl;  flanks  paler  and  more  gray;  outer  side  of 
fore  legs  ochraceous-clay  color;  fore  legs  white;  back  of  hind  legs 
brownish;  hind  feet  pure  white;  under  side  of  neck  pale  gray;  rest 
of  underparts  of  body  white ;  outer  side  of  ears  gray ;  tail  above  mixed 
black  and  buff.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  339;  tail,  44;  hind  foot,  73;  ear,  63. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  64.1;  Hensel,  49.5;  zygomatic  width, 
31.2;  intertemporal  width,  11.3;  length  of  nasals,  18.9;  palatal  length, 
5.2;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  10.6;  length  of  mandible,  28.5; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  11.5.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

The  unique  type  of  this  rabbit  is  assuming  a  winter  pelage,  and  it  is 
not  improbable  that  its  paler  appearance  may  be  attributed,  in  a  con- 
siderable degree,  to  this  fact. 


LEPUS.  121 


Genus   Lepus    (in). 
Subgenus  F.     Macrotolagus. 

Lepus  alleni  tiburonensis  Townsend. 

Lepus  alleni  tiburonensis  Town.,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXXI, 
1912,  p.  120. 

Type  locality.     Tiburon  Island,  Gulf  of  California,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  L.  alleni  but  more  of  an  iron-gray  on  flanks 
and  thighs;  back  thickly  mingled  with  black. 

Color.  Top  of  head  to  between  eyes  dark  brown  mixed  with  pale 
buff,  nose  paler;  back  to  rump  mixed  black  and  buff,  first  color  pre- 
dominating; flanks  to  middle  of  belly  and  outer  side  of  legs  iron-gray, 
palest  on  belly;  line  on  inner  side  of  legs  and  on  middle  of  belly  white; 
black  line  from  tail  over  center  of  rump  to  tail;  tail  iron-gray  with 
black  in  center  above,  grayish  beneath;  feet  whitish,  soles  pale 
cinnamon;  ears  nearly  naked,  dark  brown,  outer  buffy  edge- white. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  610;  hind  foot,  127;  ear,  132. 
Skull:  Total  length,  104.8;  Occipito-nasal  length,  101.7;  Hensel,  82; 
zygomatic  width,  47.9;  intertemporal  width,  29.5;  length  of  nasals, 
medium,  32.5;  length  of  palate,  arch  to  incisive  foramina,  94;  length 
of  upper  molar  series,  16.2;  length  of  mandible,  70;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  17.7.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Lepus  californicus  magdalenae  Nelson. 

Lepus  californicus  magdalencz  Nelson,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX, 
1907,  p.  81. 

Type  locality.     Magdalena  Island,  Lower  California,  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Magdalena  and  Margarita  Islands,  near  southern 
end  of  Lower  California,  Mexico.  Vertical  range  from  sea-level  to 
about  1000  feet  altitude.  Zonal  range  Lower  Sonoran. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  L.  c.  xanti  but  paler;  ears  shorter.  Skull: 
Size  small;  interorbital  area  narrower;  rostrum  more  slender,  and 
bullag  larger  than  those  of  species  compared. 

Color.  Top  of  head,  upperparts  and  sides  of  body  pale  pinkish 
buff  washed  with  black  except  on  flanks,  where  it  is  hardly  traceable; 
sides  of  nose  and  about  eyes  dull  gray;  sides  of  head  buff-gray;  under 
side  of  head  white;  neck  beneath  and  underparts  of  body  dull  salmon- 
buff;  fore  legs  in  front  and  fore  feet  on  top  pinkish  buff,  lined  with 
blackish;  back  and  sides  of  hind  legs  paler,  a  clearer  buff;  front  of  hind 
legs  and  top  of  hind  feet  paler  than  sides  of  legs;  ears  in  front  dull 


122  LEPUS. 

gray ;  on  back  pure  white  with  a  terminal  black  patch ;  anterior  border 
of  ears  gray,  black  at  tip;  posterior  edge  white;  tail  above  black,  be- 
neath grayish  buff.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  550;  tail,  92;  hind  foot,  117. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  84.4;  Hensel,  67.2;  zygomatic  width, 
40.3;  mtertemporal  width,  11.9;  length  of  nasals,  29.1;  palatal  length, 
5.8;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  13.8;  length  of  mandible,  56.8; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  15.1  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Lepus  calif ornicus  bennettii  Gray. 

Lepus  bennettii  Gray,  Voy.  Sulphur,  Zool.,  1844,  p.  35,  pi.  14. 

Type  locality.     California.     Type  in  British  Museum. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Southern  California  west  of  summit  of  Coast  Range  r 
from  near  Gaviota  Pass  to  Mexican  border  and  south  along  the  coast 
to  San  Quentin,  Lower  California.  Vertical  range  from  sea-level  at 
San  Diego  to  about  6000  feet  altitude  in  mountains  to  the  eastward. 
Zonal  range  mainly  Upper  Sonoran. 

Genl.  Char.  Smaller  than  L.  californicus  and  paler.  Skull  not  so 
heavy. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  back  pinkish  buff,  washed  with  black; 
nape  cinnamon,  some  specimens  grayish  drab;  under  side  of  head 
whitish;  under  side  of  neck  dark  buff;  sides  of  body  like  back,  but 
less  black;  lower  part  of  shoulder,  inner  side  of  thighs  and  abdomen 
light  ochraceous-buff;  top  of  fore  feet  buffy  fawn,  hairs  with  black 
tips;  tail  above  black;  beneath  brownish  buff. 

This  form  has  generally  been  considered  the  same  as  L.  californicus, 
and  in  the  Check-List  was  made  its  synonym.  Mr.  Nelson  in  his  '  Rab- 
bits of  North  America '  has  separated  it  from  that  species  and  given  it 
a  distinct  rank. 

Subgenus  G.     Lepus. 

Lepus  bairdi  cascadensis  Nelson. 

Lepus  bairdi  cascadensis  Nels.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX,  1907, 
p.  87. 

Type  locality.     Roab's  Ranch,  near  Hope,  British  Columbia. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Cascade  Mountains  near  extreme  southern  border  of 
British  Columbia  from  Hope,  on  Fraser  River,  south  along  east  side 
of  mountains  at  least  to  Martin  and  Easton,  Washington.  Vertical 
range  undetermined.  Zonal  range  mainly  Canadian  and  Hudsojiian. 

Color.  Upperparts  dusky  reddish  cinnamon-brown;  patch  on 
rump  large,  blackish;  head  dark  reddish  cinnamon.  In  winter  the 
pelage  is  pure  white. 


Order  Carnivora.     Carnivores. 

Family  Felidae.     Cats. 
Genus  Felis  (112). 

Felis  arundivaga  Hollister. 

Felis  arundivaga  Hollister,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXIV,  1911, 
p.  176. 

Type  locality.  Twelve  miles  southwest  of  Vidalia,  Concordia 
Parish,  Louisiana. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  large;  pronounced  caudal  stripe;  .  nasals  very 
broad;  sagittal  crest  highly  developed. 

Color.  Black  spot  on  each  side  of  nose;  face  blackish;  white 
streak  over  eye;  upperparts  and  outer  side  of  limbs  grayish  fawn; 
upperparts  mixed  with  dusky;  nape  color  indistinct,  on  middle  of  back 
and  withers  pale  rufous;  inner  side  of  legs  grayish;  lips  and  throat 
white;  chest  fulvous;  feet  pale- rufous;  tail  dark  grayish  fawn,  with 
a  dark  brown  stripe  above  for  the  entire  length.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  2100;  tail,  735.  Skull:  Occipito- 
nasal  length,  193;  Hensel,  174;  zygomatic  width,  159;  intertemporal 
width,  37.1;  medium  length  of  nasals,  50.3;  palatal  length,  85.3; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  46.3;  length  of  mandible,  14.5;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  45.6.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

1  Felis  improcera  Phillips. 

Felis  improcera  Phillips,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXV,  1912, 
p.  85. 

Type  locality.     Calmalli,  Lower  California,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.     Size  smaller  than  F.  browni  Merr.;    teeth  larger. 

Color.  "Dark  fawn  color  (Ridgway),  darker  along  the  back  where 
it  is  mixed  with  dusky-tipped  hairs.  General  color  less  reddish  than 
F.  azteca.  Tail  bicolored  ending  in  a  conspicuous  black  tip,  the  hairs 
of  which  are  three  centimeters  long." 

Measurements.  Skull:  " Basal  length,  150;  palatal  length,  72; 
palatal  length  from  gnathon  to  tip  of  hamalar  process,  105;  length  of 


1  The  author  has  not  seen  a  specimen  of  this  Puma.  Its  chief  claim  to  a  distinct 
form  appears  to  be  its  comparatively  small  size,  a  character  pertaining  to  most  ani- 
mals as  they  approach  equatorial  regions,  but  hardly  a  sufficient  one  for  specific 
separation. 

123 


124  FELIS. 

nasals,  55;  zygomatic  width,  124;  least  width  of  nasals,  14;  width  of 
anterior  nares,  27;  length  of  anterior  nares,  31;  length  of  lower  tooth 
row  from  back  of  first  molar  to  front  of  canine,  69;  length  of  upper 
tooth  row,  60;  length  of  ramus  of  lower  jaw  from  condyle  to  base  of 
incisor,  1.125;  width  between  postorbital  processes  of  parietals,  68; 
greatest  width  of  palate  outside  tooth  row,  76." 

Felis  pirrensis  Goldman. 

Felis  pirrensis  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LXIII,  1914,  p.  4. 

Type  locality.     Cana,  eastern  Panama.     Altitude  2000  feet. 

Genl.  Char.     Size  large,  markings  both  stripes  and  spots. 

Color.  Upperparts,  the  ground  color  is  ochraceous  tawny,  palest 
on  head;  sides  cinnamon -buff;  Upperparts  heavily  lined  and  spotted 
with  black,  Jhe  black  spots  forming  rosettes  with  tawny  centers;  the 
usual  three  black  lines  on  hind  neck;  heavy  black  diagonal  stripes  on 
shoulders ;  two  narrow  black  lines  on  middle  of  back  near  root  of  tail ; 
outer  side  of  limbs  cinnamon-buff,  spotted  with  black;  underparts 
white,  with  a  black  bar  across  throat  and  another  on  neck;  abdomen 
heavily  spotted  with  black;  feet  buffy  gray,  with  small,  black  mark- 
ings; ears  black,  with  white  submarginal  spots  and  buffy  edges;  tail 
above  buff  and  beneath  white  encircled  with  numerous  irregular  broad 
black  rings.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  963;  tail,  440;  hind  foot,  131.5. 
Skull:  Total  length,  99.6;  Hensel,  83.8;  zygomatic  width,  62.8;  in- 
ter temporal  width,  18.5;  length  of  nasals,  17.6;  greatest  breadth  of 
nasals,  13;  palatal  length,  38.5;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  22.7; 
alveolar  length  of  upper  carnassial,  n.6;  length  of  mandible,  62; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  22.4.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Felis  pardalis  albescens  Pucheran. 

Felis  albescens  Pucheran,  Voy.  de  la  Venus,  Zool.,  1855,  p.  149. 

Type  locality.     Arkansas.     Type  in  Paris  Museum. 

In  the  Monograph  of  the  Felidse,  I  placed  this  form  among  the 
synonyms  of  F.  pardalis,  but  it  has  lately  been  recognized  as  a  sub- 
species. There  are  three  mounted  specimens  in  the  Paris  Museum 
alike  neither  in  size  nor  in  pattern  of  their  markings.  It  is  a  pale 
style  of  F.  pardalis,  and  if  it  can  be  shown  to  have  a  special  distinction 
from  that  of  the  parent  species,  it  might  stand  as  a  subspecies,  as  these 
are  recognized  at  present.  It  cannot  be  said,  however,  that  this  has 
as  yet  been  accomplished. 


CANIS.  125 

Family  Canidae.     Dogs,  Wolves,  Foxes. 

Genus  Canis  (114). 

Canis  lycaon  Schreber. 

Canis  lycaon  Schreb.,  Saugth.,  1776;  pi.  Ixxxix. 
Type  locality.     Eastern  Canada. 

Canis  tundrarum  Miller. 

Canis  tundrarum  Miller,  Smith  Misc.  Coll.,  LIX,  1912,  No.  15,  p.  i. 

Type  locality.     Point  Barrow,  Alaska. 

Genl.  Char.  Larger  than  C.  lycaon;  rostrum  and  palate  narrower 
than  C.  nubilus.  Smaller  in  size  than  the  Timber  Wolf. 

Color.     No  skin  obtained;   skull  only. 

Measurements.  Skull:  Total  length,  254;  occipito-nasal  length, 
217;  Hensel,  221;  zygomatic  width,  147.9;  intertemporal  width, 
41.7;  length  of  nasals,  90.6;  width  of  rostrum  between  premolars, 
second  and  third,  46.4;  palatal  length,  128.8;  greatest  width  of  palate, 
63.2;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  92;  length  of  mandible,  190;  length 
of  lower  molar  series,  96.9.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum . 

Canis  gigas  (Townsend). 

Lupus  gigas  Towns.,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  II,  1850,  p.  75. 

Canis  gigas  Miller,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.  LIX,  1912,  p.  3. 

Type  locality.     Near  Vancouver,  Clark  County,  Washington. 

Canis  jamesi  Townsend. 

Canis  jamesi  Towns.,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXXI,  1912,  p. 
130. 

Type  locality.     Tiburon  Island,  Gulf  of  California. 

Genl.  Char.     Colors  pale,  similar  to  C.  estor  but  more  buff. 

Color.  Entire  top  of  nose  cinnamon-rufous;  top  of  head  and 
cheeks  ivory  yellow,  almost  white  with  many  black  hairs  intermingled, 
most  conspicuous  on  top  of  head;  nape  and  outer  side  of  ears  pale 
cinnamon;  broken  black  line  from  nape  to  rump  on  middle  of  dorsal 
region;  rest  of  upperparts  whitish  with  black  hairs  intermingled 
throughout,  occasionally  forming  spots  or  streaks;  outer  side  of  limbs 
buffy,  growing  paler  on  feet;  sides  of  neck  buffy;  flanks  and  under- 
parts  whitish,  tinged  with  buffy  on  middle  of  belly;  inner  side  of  fore 
legs  buff;  inner  side  of  hind  legs  whitish;  tail  above  at  base  like 


126  CANIS. 

back,  remainder  pale  cinnamon.     Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  1143;  tail,  330;  hind  foot,  330; 
ear,  118.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  165;  Hensel,  160;  zygomatic 
width,  92;  intertemporal  width,  33.5;  length  of  nasals,  63.2;  palatal 
length,  87.2;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  69.3;  length  of  mandible, 
53.5;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  72.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Canis  nebrascensis  texensis  Bailey. 

Canis  nebrascensis  texensis  Bailey,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  25,  1905, 

P.  175- 
Texas  Coyote. 

Type  locality.     Cummings  Creeks,  Colorado  County,  Texas. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Middle  and  southern  Texas,  eastward  to  Gainesville 
and  Richmond. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  C.  nebrascensis,  but  darker  and  brighter; 
dentition  lighter. 

Color.  Winter  Pelage.  Buffy  gray  clouded  with  black;  legs,  ears 
and  nose  bright  fulvous;  throat  and  belly  whitish;  black  line  down 
front  of  fore  leg;  tail  dull  bufly  gray,  tip  black.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  1.143;  tail  vertebrae,  355;  hind 
foot,  1 80.  Skull:  Basal  length,  169;  length  of  nasals,  67;  zygomatic 
breadth,  94;  mastoid  width,  61;  intertemporal  breadth,  30;  length 
of  crown  of  upper  carnassial,  19.8;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  67.6; 
length  of  mandible,  135.6;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  75.6.  Ex  type 
in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Canis  floridanus  Miller. 

Canis  florid  anus  Miller,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXV,  1912,  p.  95. 

Type  locality.     Horse  Landing,  St.  Johns  River,  Florida. 

Genl.  Char.  Premolars  larger,  and  carnassial  less  robust  than  in 
C.  lycaon;  rostral  portion  of  skull  weaker. 

Color.  Upperparts  light  buff  gray  clouded  with  black ;  underparts 
pale  yellowish  buff;  muzzle,  legs  and  feet  ochraceous;  tail  buff  at 
base,  hairs  on  remainder  absent;  under  fur  dark  brown.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Tail,  about  230;  hind  foot,  about  189  (flat  skin). 
Skull:  Occipital  region  gone;  Hensel,  175;  zygomatic  width,  122; 
intertemporal  width,  40;  length  of  nasals,  70.7;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  72.1;  length  of  mandible,  160;  length  of  lower  molar  series, 
85.2.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


VULPES.  UROCYON.  ICTICYON.  127 

Genus  Vulpes  (115). 

Vulpes  macrotis  devius  Nelson  and  Goldman. 

Vulpes  macrotis  devius  Nels.  and  Goldm.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
'XXII,  1909,  p.  25. 

Type  locality.  Llano  de  Yrais,  opposite  Magdalena  Island,  Lower 
California,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Like  V.  macrotis  but  sides  of  nose,  lower  jaw  and 
sometimes  chin  blackish. 

Color.  Forehead  and  cheeks  buffy  gray;  upperparts  silvery  gray; 
base  of  ears  behind  collar  on  neck  beneath  and  on  outer  side  of  legs 
deep  ochraceous-buff;  sides  of  neck,  underparts  of  body,  flanks  and 
under  side  of  tail  deep  buff  to  pale  ochraceous-buff;  throat  and  median 
line  of  belly  white;  ears,  sides  of  nose  and  tip  of  tail  blackish.  Ex 
type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  785;  tail,  285;  hind  foot,  129. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  102.2;  Hensel,  104.3;  zygomatic  width, 
60. i ;  intertemporal  width,  19.9;  length  of  nasals,  38;  palatal  length, 
arch  to  incisors,  57.1;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  42.9;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  84.5.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Genus  Urocyon  (116). 

Urocyon  calif ornicus  sequoiensis  Dixon. 

Urocyon  californicus  sequoiensis  Dixon,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  V, 

1910,  p.  303. 
Type  locality.     Lagunitas,  Marin  County,  California. 

Genus  Icticyon. 

Icticyon  Lund,  Overs.  Danske  Vidensk.  Selsk.  Forhandl.  Kjoben- 
havn,  1842  (1843),  No.  6,  p.  80.  Type  Icticyon  venaticus  Lund. 

Icticyon  panamensis  Goldman. 

Icticyon  panamensis  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX,  No.  2,  1912, 
p.  14. 

Type  locality.  Near  head  of  Limon  River,  Mount  Pirri,  eastern 
Panama. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  I.  venaticus,  but  paler. 

Color.  Top  of  head,  neck,  upperparts  to  rump  pinkish  buff;  rump 
with  black  and  pinkish  buff  hairs  mixed,  giving  this  part  a  blackish 
appearance;  flanks  similar  to  upperparts,  but  darker  by  a  mixture  of 


128  URSUS. 

dusky  hairs;  underparts  mixed  dusky  and  pinkish  buff,  darker  than 
flanks;  forehead,  nose,  and  cheeks  ochraceous-buff;  a  few  black  hairs 
beneath  eyes;  chin  dusky;  fore  legs  blackish;  toes  and  a  line  on  under 
side  of  leg  buff;  hind  legs  black,  brown  toward  toes;  tail  black  all 
around;  ears  pinkish  buff .  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 
Measurements.  Total  length,  740;  tail,  125;  hind  foot,  118. 
Skull:  Greatest  length,  139.6;  Occipito-nasal  length,  118.3;  Hensel, 
118.3;  zygomatic  width,  76.6;  intertemporal  width,  24.8;  length  of 
nasals,  36.1;  palatal  length,  61.7;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  42.1; 
length  of  mandible,  95.8;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  40.3.  Ex  type 
in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Family  Ursidae.     Bears. 
Subfamily  Ursinae. 
Genus  Ursus  (117). 

TJrsus  sheldoni  Merriam. 

Ursus  sheldoni  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXIII,  1910,  p.  127. 

Type  locality.     Montague  Island,  Alaska. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  U.  perniger.  Skull  quite  different,  large 
and  massive,  but  short  and  very  broad  across  squamosals  and  frontals; 
claws  large;  basi-sphenoid  broad  and  flat,  nearly  equaling  in  length  the 
basi-occipital,  condyle  of  mandible  exserted;  lower  border  of  mandibu- 
lar  ramus  curving  evenly  to  angle  from  coronoid;  claws  of  grizzly  type. 

Color.  General  color  brownish;  head  grizzled;  hairs  of  back 
sometimes  tipped  with  yellowish;  belly,  feet  and  legs  blackish.  Ex 
type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  368;  Hensel,  362; 
zygomatic  width,  270;  length  of  nasals,  113.6;  palatal  length,  arch 
to  incisors,  196;  width  of  palate  between  last  molars,  61.3;  length 
of  upper  molar  series,  57;  length  of  mandible,  187;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  74.2.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Ursus  americanus  perniger  Allen. 

Ursus  americanus  kenaiensis  Allen,  Bull.  Am.   Mus.  Nat.   Hist., 

XXVIII,  1910,  p.  6. 
Ursus   americanus   perniger  Allen,   Bull.   Am.    Mus.    Nat.    Hist., 

XXVIII,  1910,  p.  115. 

Type  locality.     Homer,  Kenai  Peninsula,  Alaska. 
Genl.  Char.     Skull  as  compared  with  the  black  bear  from  Labrador 


URSUS.  THALARCTOS.  129 

is  less  broad  in  proportion  to  its  length;  length  of  tooth  row  is  less 
and  the  teeth  are  smaller. 

Color.  Pelage  intensely  black.  Ex -type  in  American  Museum  of 
Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Skull :  Total  length,  253;  occipito-nasal  length,  220; 
Hensel,  225;  intertemporal  length,  88.1;  length  of  nasals,  66.9;  length 
of  upper  molar  series,  75.3;  zygomatic  width,  142;  palatal  length, 
121.2;  length  of  m1,  24.5;  length  of  mandible,  173;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  72.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Ursus  americanus  pugnax  Swarth. 

Ursus  americanus  pugnax  Swarth,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  VII, 

1911,  p.  141. 
Type  locality.     Rocky  Bay,  Dall  Island,  Alaska. 

Ursus  alexandrae  Merriam. 

Ursus  alexandrce  Merr.,   Proc.   Biol.   Soc.   Wash.,   XXVII,    1914, 

p.  174. 
.  Type  locality.     Kusilof  Lake,  Kenai  Peninsula,  Alaska. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  large;  skull  long,  narrow;  rostrum  very  broad; 
sagittal  crest  long,  high ;  claws  very  long. 

Color.  General  hue  uniform- pale  brown  (varying  among  individ- 
uals to  light  reddish  brown  or  grayish  yellow);  yellowish  brown 
between  ears;  legs  and  feet  slightly  darker.  Type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Genus  Thalarctos. 

Thalarctos  maritimus  ungavensis  Knottnerus-Meyer. 

Thalarctos  maritimus  var.  ungavensis  Knottnerus-Meyer,  Sitzungsb. 

Gesell.  Naturf.  Freunde,  Berlin,  1908,  p.  181. 
Type  locality.     Ungava  Bay,  Ungava,  Canada. 

Thalarctos  eogroenlandicus  Knottnerus-Meyer. 

Thalarctos     eogroenlandicus     Knottnerus-Meyer,     Sitzungsb.     Gesell. 

Naturf.  Freunde,  Berlin,  1908,  p.  182. 
Type  locality.     Pack  ice  off  coast  of  eastern  Greenland. 

Thalarctos  labradorensis  Knottnerus-Meyer. 

Thalarctos    labradorensis    Knottnerus-Meyer,    Sitzungsb.    Gesell. 

Naturf.  Freunde,  Berlin,   1908,  p.   183. 
Type  locality.     Okak,   Labrador. 

Ursus  arctos  schwenki  Shoemaker. 

Ursus  arctos  schwenki  Shoemaker,  Stories  of  Great  Pennsylvania 
Hunter,  1913,  p.  25. 


BASSARISCUS. 


Family  Procyonidae.     Raccoons,  Coat  is,  etc. 

V 

Subfamily  Procyoninae. 
Genus  Bassariscus  (118). 

Bassariscus  astutus  insulicola  Nelson  and  Goldman. 

Bassariscus  astutus  insulicola  Nels.  and  Goldm.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc. 
Wash.,  XXII,  1909,  p.  26. 

Type  locality.     San  Jose  Island,  Lower  California,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Allied  to  B.  saxicola  and  B.  palmarius  but  more 
yellow  in  color. 

Color.  Head  grayish,  face  markings  white  and  gray;  upperparts 
dull  ochraceous-buff;  flanks  and  outer  side  of  limbs  paler;  underparts 
pale  buff;  feet  above  pale  buff;  tail  above  with  seven  black  and  seven 
white  rings,  tip  black;  beneath  cream-buff.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  715;  tail,  362;  hind  foot,  70. 
Skull:  Total  length,  77.2;  occipito-nasal  length,  69.1;  Hensel,  69.8; 
zygomatic  width,  50.6;  intertemporal  width,  14.4;  palatal  length,  32; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  26.8;  length  of  mandible,  53;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  29.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Bassariscus  astutus  palmarius  Nelson  and  Goldman. 

Bassariscus  astutus  palmarius  Nels.  and  Goldm.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc. 
Wash.,  XXII,  1909,  p.  26. 

Type  locality.     Comondu,  Lower  California,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  B.  saxicola  but  darker;   skull  narrower. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  upperparts  grayish  drab  tinged  with  buff, 
tips  of  long  hairs  washed  with  black;  flanks  pinkish  buff  ;  lips  whitish; 
side  of  muzzle,  orbital  rings  and  hind  part  of  cheeks  blackish;  legs 
buff;  underparts  cream-buff;  feet  cream  color;  ears  brownish  at 
base,  grayish  toward  tip;  tail  above  and  beneath  with  seven  black 
and  seven  white  rings,  tip  black.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  730;  tail,  367;  hind  foot,  72. 
Skull:  Total  length,  78.6;  occipito-nasal  length,  703;  Hensel,  70.3; 
zygomatic  width,  48.4;  intertemporal  width,  17.6;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  27.2;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  29.3.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 


BASSARISCUS.  BASSARICYON.  131 

Bassariscus  astutus  nevadensis  Miller. 

Bassariscus  astutus  nevadensis  Miller,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXVI,  1913,  p.  159. 

Type  locality.     Eldorado  Canyon,  Clark  County,  Nevada. 

Genl.  Char.  Smaller  than  B.  a.  oregonus;  skull  resembles  that  of 
B.  a.  palmarius  but  the  teeth  are  larger. 

Color.  Head  in  front  of  ears  gray;  upperparts  and  sides  ashy; 
tips  of  hairs  black,  little  of  the  buff  color  appearing;  underparts 
cream -buff;  legs  and  feet  whitish;  tail  white,  with  six  rings  and  tip 
black.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  640;  tail,  310;  hind  foot,  57. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  68.1;  Hensel,  65.2;  zygomatic  width, 
43.4;  intertemporal  width,  15;  length  of  nasals,  26.4;  palatal  length, 
32;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  30.2;  length  of  mandible,  57.4; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  31.8.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Genus  Bassaricyon  (119). 

Bassaricyon  richardsoni  Allen. 

Bassaricyon  richardsoni  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXIV, 
1908,  p.  662. 

Type  locality.     Rio  Grande,  Atlantic  slope,  Nicaragua. 

Color.  Top  of  head  grayish  brown;  hairs  black-tipped  and  form- 
ing a  black  spot  on  crown,  extending  to  ears;  general  color  of  upper- 
parts  of  body  pale  fulvous,  with  black  tips  to  the  hairs,  intensifying 
the  dorsal  line  from  the  head  to  root  of  tail;  flanks  pale  rufous,  hairs 
not  black- tipped ;  outer  side  of  limbs  pale  rufous;  side  of  nose  and  chin 
dusky  brown;  underparts  and  inner  side  of  limbs  chamois;  feet  like 
outer  side  of  limbs;  tail  pale  fulvous  with  a  dark  median  line  formed 
of  black-tipped  hairs.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  950;  tail,  480;  hind  foot,  80  (col- 
lector). Skull:  Total  length,  81.8;  occipito-nasal  length,  77;  Hensel, 
72;  zygomatic  width,  53;  intertemporal  width,  17;  length  of  nasals, 
15;  palatal  length,  45;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  22.2;  length  of 
mandible,  58.1 ;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  24.9.  Ex  type  in  Ameri- 
can Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Bassaricyon  gabbi  orinomus  Goldman. 

Bassaricyon  gabbi  orinomus  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX,  No.  2, 

1912,  p.    16. 
Type  locality.     Cana,  eastern  Panama.     Altitude  1800  feet. 


132  PROCYON. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  B.  gabbi  in  size,  but  differing  in  cranial 
characters;  broader  basi-occipital ;  bullae  smaller;  post-orbital  proc- 
esses very  long. 

Color.  Entire  upperparts  pale  fulvous,  hairs  on  dorsal  line  black- 
tipped  making  this  darker ;  top  of  head  and  face  grizzled  gray ;  under- 
parts  orange-buff  in  middle  of  belly ;  buffy  yellow  on  sides ;  tail  above 
like  dorsal  line,  growing  paler  towards  the  tip  which  is  brownish; 
beneath  paler;  fore  feet  brown,  hind  feet  pale  fulvous  which  is  also 
the  color  of  the  limbs;  ears  blackish  at  tip,  rest  brown.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  820;  tail,  419;  hind 'foot,  86.  Skull: 
Total  length,  82.2;  Hensel,  71.9;  zygomatic  width,  ;  inter  tem- 
poral width,  55.3;  length  of  nasals,  19;  length  of  upper  molar  series, 
24;  length  of  mandible,  56.3;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  26.  Ex 
type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Genus  Procyon  (120). 

Procyon  minor  Miller. 

Procyon  minor  Miller,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXIV,  1911,  p.  4. 

Type   locality.     Ponite-a-Pitre,   Guadeloupe,   Lesser  Antilles. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  small;  posterior  extension  of  palate  wider  than 
distance  from  last  molar  to  anterior  border  of  mesopterygoid  fossa. 

Color.  Upperparts  grizzled  gray;  back  clouded  with  black;  neck 
tinged  with  yellow;  face  with  the  usual  black  markings;  underparts 
dark  wood-brown,  long  hairs  whitish;  interramial  bar  narrow,  indis- 
tinct; tail  like  back,  the  rings  narrow,  distinct;  large  white  spot  on 
tip  of  ear.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  625;  tail,  185;  hind  foot,  85. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  91.7;  Hensel,  86;  zygomatic  width, 
55.4;  intertemporal  width,  17.8;  breadth  of  braincase,  44.8;  length 
of  nasals,  27.2;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  33.3;  length  of  mandible, 
70.4;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  39.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Procyon  pumilus  Miller. 

Procyon  pumilus  Miller,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXIV,  1911,  p.  3. 

Type  locality.     Ancon,  Panama. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  P.  pygmceus  Merriam,  from  Yucatan,  but 
yellowish,  teeth  less  reduced  and  nasal  bones  not  distinctly  widened 
posteriorly. 

Color.     Top  of  head  finely  grizzled  gray;    upperparts  and  sides 


PROCYON.  133 

clear  grizzled  gray;  under  fur  drab,  tips  of  long  hairs  black,  and  a 
sub  terminal  white  band;  dorsal  region  darker  than  rest  of  upperparts 
and  sides;  black  band  across  face  broad;  underparts  drab,  long  hairs 
white,. a  broad  dark  interramial  band;  fore  legs  like  flanks  but  tinged 
with  drab;  hind  legs  blackish  above  heel  on  inner  side;  tail  buff, 
with  seven  black  rather  narrow  rings.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  665;  tail,  235;  hind  foot,  97. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  93.1;  Hensel,  25.1;  zygomatic  width, 
63.6;  intertemporal  length,  20.4;  length  of  nasals,  23.2;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,  34;  length  of  mandible,  75;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  37.3.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Procyon  lotor  crassidens  Hollister. 

Procyon  lotor  crassidens  Hollister,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII, 
1914,  p.  142. 

Type  locality.     Talamanca,  Costa  Rica. 

Gent.  Char.     Similar  to  P.  I.  hernandezii,  but  with  larger  molars. 

Color.  Face  with  usual  mask  and  markings;  crown  and  upper- 
parts  blackish  gray,  hairs  ringed  with  buff,  tips  black,  under  fur 
Prout's-brown;  a  black  line  from  ears  to  withers;  arms  buffy;  legs 
like  back;  tail  ringed  with  black  and  pale  orange-yellow;  underparts, 
hands  and  feet  buffy.  Type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  925;  tail,  325;  foot,  118.  Skull: 

Total  length, ;  zygomatic  width,  75.5;  inter  orbital  width,  25.7; 

length  of  nasals,  34.5;  mastoid  width,  65.8.  Type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Procyon  lotor  fuscipes  Mearns. 

Procyon  lotor  fuscipes  Mearns,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII, 
1914,  p.  63. 

Type  locality.  Las  Moras  Creek,  Fort  Clark,  Kinney  County, 
Texas. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  large,  similar  to  P.  lotor,  with  colors  varying  in 
hue  and  distribution.  Skull  with  slender,  lengthened  rostrum; 
palate  narrow;  bulla?  long,  flattened  externally. 

Color.  Black  face-mask  solid  and  continuous  on  side  of  head  below 
ear  and  extending  from  grizzled  black  crown  to  end  of  nose;  grizzled 
area  borders  the  black  mask;  sides  of  muzzle  and  lower  lip  white; 
nape  washed  with  rust  color;  this  hue  indistinct  on  interscapular 
region;  upperparts  from  nape  to  tail  pale  gray,  the  long  hairs  with 
black  tips,  this  color  being  prominent  on  lower  dorsal  region;  fore  and 
hind  legs  and  feet  fuscous  and  gray  mixed;  throat  benzo-brown; 


134  PROCYON. 

rest  of  underparts  grayish  white;  tail  with  six  blackish  rings  and  a 
black  tip;  ear  black  on  basal  half  of  outer  surface,  white  on  apical  half. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  900;  tail,  290;  hind  foot  and  claw, 
132.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  lengtn,  no;  Hensel,  114.3;  zygomatic 
width,  85;  intertemporal  width,  27;  length  of  nasals,  34.6;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,  37.9;  length  of  mandible,  angle  to  symphysis,  68.4; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  42.5.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Procyon  lotor  ochraceus  Mearns. 

Procyon  lotor  ochraceus  Mearns,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII, 
1914,  p.  64. 

Type  locality.  Sonoyta  River  near  Quitobaquita,  at  Monument 
No.  172,  421  miles  west  of  the  Rio  Grande,  and  113  miles  east  of  the 
Colorado  River.  Altitude  1181  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  P.  lotor  but  color  more  ochraceous,  and 
with  less  black. 

Color.  Black  face-mask  as  in  raccoons  generally;  cinnamon -drab 
on  upper  side  of  muzzle;  side  of  face  benzo-brown;  sides  and  under 
side  of  muzzle,  angle  of  mouth  and  lower  jaw  white;  crown  whitish, 
grading  to  purplish  gray  towards  occiput;  under  fur  drab;  upperparts 
buff,  the  long  hairs  tipped  with  black  on  thoracic  region  and  flanks  but 
with  brownish  black  on  middle  of  lumbar  and  lower  thoracic  regions; 
no  black  at  base  of  ear;  limbs  gray  on  outer  side,  grayish  white  on 
inner;  feet  clay-white;  underparts  grayish  white,  the  light  drab  under 
fur  showing  everywhere;  tail  above  yellowish  white  with  five  rings 
of  brown  and  yellowish  hairs;  beneath  whitish  drab ;  ears  and  whiskers 
white.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  750;  tail,  310;  hind  foot  and  claw, 
115.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  101.2;  Hensel,  99;  zygomatic 
width,  73;  intertemporal  width,  23.5;  length  of  nasals,  28.4;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,  34.8;  length  of  mandible,  83.1;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  41.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Procyon  lotor  californicus  Mearns. 

Procyon  lotor  californicus  Mearns,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII, 
1914,  p.  66. 

Type  locality.  Near  Monument  No.  258,  Mexican  Boundary,  San 
Diego  County,  California. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  P.  I.  psora,  but  smaller  and  paler  in  color. 
Skull  narrower;  bullae  compressed  laterally. 

Color.     Black  face-mask  as  usual,   bordered  by  a  white  band; 


EUPROCYON.  135 

crown  brownish  black,  mixed  with  grayish  white;  nape  and  between 
shoulders  tinged  with  clay  color;  upperparts  grayish  white,  long  hairs 
black-tipped;  lower  lip  white;  underparts  white,  under  fur  showing; 
throat  sepia;  fore  limbs  soiled  grayish  white;  hind  limbs  and  feet 
grayish  white,  dark  under  fur  showing;  above  heel  brownish  black; 
tail  above  soiled  grayish  white  with  six  dark  rings  and  black  tip, 
beneath  the  rings  are  practically  obsolete;  ears  "white,  black  at  base. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  810;  tail,  312;  hind  foot,  112. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasial  length,  104.4;  Hensel,  102.5;  zygomatic  width 
75;  intertemporal  wdth,  25;  width  of  braincase,  55;  length  of  nasals,, 
32.2;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  36;  length  of  mandible,  84;  length 
of  lower  molar  series,  40.3.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Genus  l  Euprocyon. 

Euprocyon  Gray,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1864,  p.  705.  Type 
Ursus  cancrivorus  Cuvier. 

"Tail  slender,  eight  or  nine-ringed.  Forehead  of  skull  flat,  in  a 
line  with  the  nose;  braincase  swollen,  palate  only  shortly  produced, 
and  broad  behind;  grinders  large."  The  carnassial  has  the  com- 
missure of  the  median  outer  cusp,  and  also  the  postero-internal  cusp 
absent;  third  upper  incisor  lacks  the  usual  short  independent  cusp; 
palate  behind  last  molars  only  one-fourth  the  total  length;  molari- 
form  cusps  short,  powerful;  claws  blunt. 

Euprocyon  cancrivorus  panamensis  Goldm. 

Euprocyon  cancrivorus  panamensis  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.  LX, 
1913,  No.  22,  p.  15. 

Type  locality.     Gatun,  Canal  Zone,  Panama. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  E.  cancrivorus,  but  darker;  facial  line 
longer. 

Color.  Top  of  head  grizzled  black  and  gray;  sides  of  rostrum  and 
supraorbital  streaks  whitish;  face  and  lower  part  of  cheeks  black; 
upperparts  black  and  ochraceous-buff,  black  predominating;  lips, 
chin  and  throat  grayish  white ;  underparts  pale  ochraceous-buff ;  outer 
side  of  limbs  black;  feet  brownish;  tail  with  seven  or  eight  black  and 
grayish  alternating  rings,  tip  black;  ears  yellowish.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  950;  tail,  350;  hind  foot,  142. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  130;  Hensel,  114.9;  zygomatic  width, 


1  Employed  as  a  subgenus  in  Check-List,  p.  402. 


136  POTOS.  CONEPATUS. 

83.8;  intertemporal  width,  25.7;  length  of  nasals,  32;  palatal  length, 
75.8;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  40.3;  length  of  mandible,  32.3; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  47.1.  Ex  type  in  United  States.  National 
Museum. 

Genus  Potos  (122). 

Potos  flavus  isthmicus  Goldman. 

Potos  flavus  isthmicus  Goldm.,  Smith  Misc.  Coll.,  LX,  1913,  No.  22, 
p.  14. 

Type  locality.  Near  head  of  Rio  Limon,  Mount  Pirri,  eastern 
Panama.  Altitude  5200  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  P.  f.  chiriquensis,  but  dorsal  stripe  black  and 
distinct;  intertemporal  region  of  skull  narrower;  dentition  heavy. 

Color.  Entire  upperparts  yellowish  tawny,  hairs  tipped  with 
black;  median  stripe  from  near  shoulders  to  root  of  tail  black;  under- 
parts  brownish  yellow,  with  rusty  brown  spots  on  throat  and  abdomen; 
tail  above  like  back,  darkest  at  the  tip,  beneath  paler;  muzzle,  ears 
and  toes  blackish.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  910;  tail,  455;  hind  foot,  93. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  89.7;  Hensel,  74;  intertemporal  width, 
18.2;  zygomatic  width,  57;  palatal  length,  34.8;  length  of  nasals, 
17.5;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  19;  length  of  mandible, .  51.8; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  22.9.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 


Family  Mustelidse. 

Subfamily  Melin«. 
Genus  Conepatus  (125). 

Conepatus  nicaraguae  Allen. 

Conepatus  nicaragua  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXVIII, 
1910,  p.  106. 

Type  locality.     San  Rafael  del  Norte,  Nicaragua. 

Color.  Middle  of  crown,  occiput  and  back  to  root  of  tail  white, 
rest  of  pelage  on  body  and  limbs  black;  tail  entirely  white  except 
at  base,  beneath  which  is  black.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of 
Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  690;  tail,  270;  hind  foot,  80. 
Skull:  Total  length,  79;  zygomatic  width,  47;  intertemporal  width, 


CONEPATUS.  SPILOGALE.  137 

23;   mastoid  width,  39.5.     Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History. 

Conepatus  mesoleucus  telmalestes  Bailey. 

Conepatus  mesoleucus  telmalestes  Bailey,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.   25, 

1905,  p.  203. 
Swamp  White-backed  Skunk. 

Type  locality.     Big  Thicket,  7  miles  northeast  of  Sour  Creek,  Texas. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Hardin  and  Liberty  Counties,  Texas. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  C.  mesoleucus.  Skull  more  slender;  den- 
tition lighter. 

Color.  Upperparts  and  tail  white;  rest  of  body,  face  and  limbs 
black.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  625;  tail  vertebrae,  257;  hind  foot, 
78.  Skull:  Basal  length,  65.2;  zygomatic  width,  44.3;  intertemporal 
breadth,  22.3;  mastoid  breadth,  40.3;  length  of  upper  molar  series, 
16.5;  length  of  mandible,  44;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  20.8. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Conepatus  tropicalis  trichurus  Thomas. 

Conepatus  tropicalis  trichurus  Thos.,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist., 
Ser.  7,  XV,  1905,  p.  585. 

Type  locality.  Boquete,  Chiriqui,  Panama.  Type  in  British 
Museum. 

Genus  Spilogale  (126). 

The  genus  Spilogale  has  been  monographed  by  Mr.  A.  H.  Howell 
in  North  American  Fauna,  No.  26,  1906.  Two  forms  have  been 
described  as  new.  The  only  change  of  importance  made  in  the  nomen- 
clature was  the  substitution  of  the  name  Viverra  putorius  Linnaeus 
given  to  the  little  skunk  which  ranges  from  northern  Virginia  to  South 
Carolina,  Georgia,  Alabama  and  Mississippi,  for  S.  ringens  Merriam. 
The  latter  name  now  becomes  a  synonym. 

Spilogale  angustifrons  Howell. 

Spilogale  angustifrons  Howell,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  26,  1906,  p.  27. 

Type  locality.     San  Bartolome,  State  of  Chiapas,  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Highlands,  State  of  Chiapas,  Mexico,  and  Costa 
Rica,  Guatemala. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  S.  a.  tropicalis;  skull  narrower,  dentition 
heavier;  mastoids  not  inflated  but  with  pronounced  upper  ridge; 
upper  molars  larger,  lower  carnassial  broader. 

Color.     Like  S.  a.  tropicalis,  but  base  of  tail  less  white,  the  white 


138  SPILOGALE.  TAYRA. 

spot  on  thigh  not  continuous  with  white  spot  on  flank.     Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  380;  tail  vertebrae,  123;  hind  foot, 
45.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  49.5;  zygomatic  width,  33.7; 
intertemporal  width,  14.5;  palatal  length,  17.7;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  12.6;  length  of  mandible,  32.9;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  16.3.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Spilogale  microdon  Howell. 

Spilogale  microdon  Howell,  N.  Amer.  Fauna,  No.  26,  1906,  p.  34. 

Type  locality.     Comondu,   Lower   California. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Known  only  from  type-locality. 

Genl.  Char.  Smaller  than  S.  phenax;  tail  longer,  hind  foot  shorter; 
teeth  very  small;  mastoids  greatly  inflated. 

Color.  Similar  to  S.  phenax,  but  dorsal  stripes  wider  than  median 
pair;  frontal  patch  large;  terminal  third  of  tail  white.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  410;  tail  vertebras,  158;  hind  foot, 
45.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  53;  intertemporal  width,  33.7; 
zygomatic  width,  35.4;  palatal  length,  16.8;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  14;  length  of  mandible,  15.3;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  18.4. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Subfamily  Mustelinae. 
Genus  Tayra. 

Tayra  barbara  inserta  Allen. 

Tayra  barbara  inserta  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXIV, 
1908,  p.  662. 

Type    locality.     Uluce,    Matagalpa,    Nicaragua. 

Color.  Head  and  neck  brownish  black;  body  above  and  beneath, 
limbs  and  tail  black ;  no  white  present.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum 
of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Slightly  smaller  than  T.  b.  biologies  from  Panama. 
Skull:  Total  length,  115.6;  occipito-nasal  length,  107.8;  Hensel,  104; 
zygomatic  width,  66.2;  intertemporal  width,  24;  length  of  nasals, 
73.4;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  23.8;  length  of  mandible,  18.8; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  27.1.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of 
Natural  History. 


MUSTELA.  139 

Genus  Mustela  (129). 
Subgenus  Mustela. 

Mustela  costaricensis  Goldman. 

Mustela  costaricensis  Goldm.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXV,  1912, 
p.  9. 

Type  locality.     San  Jose,  Costa  Rica. 

Genl.  Char.     Larger  than  M.  affinis;  bullae  larger,  less  flattened. 

Color.  Narrow  white  streaks  across  forehead  and  cheeks;  these, 
however,  wanting  on  type;  top  of  head  and  neck  black;  upperparts, 
outer  side  of  limbs  and  feet  mink-brown;  chin  and  throat  white; 
underparts  on  middle  of  belly  yellowish  buff;  upperpart  of  thighs  and 
arms  and  tail  mink-brown;  top  of  tail  black.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  376.9;  tail,  to  end  of  hairs,  87.9; 
hind  foot,  39  (skin).  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  49.4;  Hensel, 
47-55  zygomatic  width,  29;  inter  temporal  width,  11.7;  length  of 
nasals,  7;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  12.7;  length  of  mandible,  36.8; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  14.2.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Mustela  cicognanii  mortigena  Bangs. 

Mustela  cicognanii  mortigena  Bangs,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  54, 

1913,  p.  511. 
Type  locality.     Bay  St.  George,  Newfoundland. 

Mustela  arctica  polaris  (Barrett-Hamilton). 

Putorius  arcticus  polaris  Barrett- Hamilton,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat. 
Hist.,  Ser.  7,  XIII,  1904,  p.  393. 

Type  locality.  Hall  Land,  Greenland.  Latitude  82°  N.;  longi- 
tude 59°  20'  W. 

Mustela  audax  (Barrett-Hamilton). 

Putorius  audax  Barrett-Hamilton,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist. 
Ser.  7,  XIII,  1904,  p.  392. 

Mustela  macrophonius  (Elliot). 

Putorius  macrophonius  Elliot,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XVIII,  1905, 

P-  235. 

Type  locality.     Achotal,  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico. 
Geogr.   Distr.     Known  only  from  type-locality. 


140  MUSTELA. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  very  small;  tail  exceedingly  long;  skull  large 
and  heavy;  teeth  large;  canines  long,  narrow. 

Color.  Top  and  sides  of  head  black  graduating  into  chestnut- 
brown  of  upperparts  and  sides  of  body;  this  hue  extending  well  on  to 
the  underparts  between  the  limbs;  limbs,  hands,  feet  and  tail  chestnut- 
brown,  the  last  tipped  with  black;  white  spot  above  eye  and  white 
stripe  from  above  eye  to  ear;  chin  and  throat  white  reaching  into  the 
dark  ochraceous-buff  of  the  underparts.  . 

Measurements.  Total  length,  598;  tail  vertebrae,  246;  hind  foot, 
59;  ear,  23.  Skull:  Total  length,  60;  Hensel,  54;  zygomatic  width, 
34;  interorbital  width,  8;  palatal  length,  24;  length  of  upper  tooth- 
row  including  canine,  16;  length  of  canine,  9;  length  of  mandible,  35; 
of  lower  toothrow  including  canine,  20. 


Subgenus  Lutreola. 

1  Mustela  macrodon  (Prentiss). 

Lutreola  macrodon  Prentiss,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XXVI,  1003, 
p.  887. 

Lutreola  vison  antiquus  Loomis,  Am.  Journ.  Sci.,  XXXI,  1911,  p. 
228. 

Type  locality.     Shellheaps  at  Brooklin,  Hancock,  Maine. 

Measurements.  Skull:  Fragment  only  obtained,  consisting  of 
superior  maxillae;  portion  of  nasals,  right  zygoma,  and  palate  extend- 
ing but  6  mm.  behind  molars.  Incisor  row,  8.25;  length  of  premolars, 
18.25;  width  of  palate  between  canines,  9;  width  of  palate  between 
molars,  12.50;  from  middle  of  incisor  row  to  inner  tubercle  of  molar, 
30;  space  between  an torbital  foramina,  22;  width  of  narial  opening, 
9.25;  width  of  an  torbital  foramen,  6X4;  length  of  incisor  row  to  tip 
of  nasals,  14.25.  Type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Mustela  vison  vulgivaga  Bangs. 

Mustela  (Lutreola)  vulgivaga  Bangs,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist., 

XXVI,  1895,  p.  539- 
Type  locality.     Burbridge,  Plaquemines  Parish,  Louisiana. 

Mustela  vison  nesolestes  (Heller). 

Lutreola  vison  nesolestes  Heller,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  V,  1909, 

P-  259. 
Type  locality.     Windfall  Harbor,  Admiralty  Island,  Alaska. 


1  According  to  Hardy  (Forest  and  Stream,  61,  1903,  p.  125)  this  animal  became 
extinct  about  1860. 


MUSTELA.  141 

Mustela  vison  letif era  Hollister. 

Mustela  vison  letif  era  Hollister,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  44,  1913, 

P-  475- 

Type  locality.     Elk  River,  Minnesota. 

Genl.  Char.     Like  M.  i).  lacustris,  but  smaller  and  paler. 

Color.  Reddish  mink-brown,  paler  beneath  with  white  spot  on 
chin  and  breast;  legs  and  feet  slightly  darker;  tail  blackish  mink- 
brown.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  660.  Skull:  Total  length,  69.3; 
Occipito-nasal  length,  63.6;  zygomatic  width,  41.5;  intertemporal 
width,  13.2;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  17.4;  length  of  mandible, 
42.7;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  20.5.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Mustela  primulina  Jackson. 

Mustela  primulina  Jacks.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI,  1913, 
p.  123. 

Type  locality.  Five  miles  northeast  of  Avilla,  Jasper  County, 
Missouri. 

Genl.  Char.     Back  darker  than  M.  longicauda  or  M.  spadix. 

Color.  Upperparts  and  hind  feet  Brussels-brown;  flanks  paler; 
fore  feet  and  toes  white;  top  of  head  and  face  sepia;  chin  white; 
underparts  primuline-yellow,  darkest  on  throat  and  middle  of  belly; 
anal  region  Brussels-brown;  tail  above  Brussels-brown,  tip  black, 
beneath  paler.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  head  and  body,  248  (skin);  tail 
(incomplete),  89.5;  hind  foot,  44.  Skull,  broken:  Occipito-nasal 
length,  46.9;  length  of  nasals,  7.1;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  n.6; 
length  of  mandible,  26.6;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  13.7.  Ex  type 
in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Mustela  campestris  Jackson. 

Mustela  campestris  Jacks.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI,  1913, 
p.  124. 

Type  locality.     Beemer,  Nebraska. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to,  but  paler  than  M .  rixosus.  Skull  narrower 
behind  orbits,  and  across  braincase  and  palate;  bullse  natter. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  Prout's-brown,  darkest  on  face; 
toes  of  both  front  and  hind  feet  white;  tail  Prout's-brown,  tip  black 
with  some  white  hairs.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  184;  tail,  32;  hind  foot,  19.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  30;  Hensel,  27.1;  zygomatic  width,  15;  inter- 
temporal  width,  6.2;  palatal  length,  10.9;  length  of  upper  molar  series, 


142  MUSTELA.  LUTRA. 

6;    length  of  mandible,  14.4;    length  of  lower  molar  series,  7.3.     Ex 
type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Mustela  peninsulas  olivacea  Howell. 

Mustela  peninsula  olivacea  Howell,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI, 
1913,  p.  139. 

Type  locality.     Autaugaville,  Alabama. 

Genl.  Char.  Like  M.  peninsula,  but  paler  in  winter.  Skull  with 
broad  braincase,  wide  zygomata;  inflated  bullae  and  heavy  molars. 

Color.  Summer.  Head  Vandyke-brown;  small  white  spots  be- 
tween eyes;  upperparts  mummy-brown,  this  color  extending  over 
flanks  on  to  belly;  underparts  cartridge-buff ;  toes  of  front  feet  cream 
color,  those  of  hind  feet  whitish;  tail  like  back,  tip  black. 

Winter.  Upperparts  buffy  brown;  head  darker;  white  patch 
behind  eyes;  underparts  straw-color  blotched  with  cartridge-buff; 
toes  of  fore  feet  cream-buff,  of  hind  feet  whitish;  tail  buffy  brown,  tip 
black.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  420;  tail,  140;  hind  foot,  50.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  49.1;  Hensel,  46.1;  zygomatic  width,  29.3; 
intertemporal  width,  9;  length  of  nasals,  6;  palatal  length,  21.6; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  11.5;  length  of  mandible,  30;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  13.8.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Subfamily  Lutrinae. 

Genus  Lutra  (131). 

Lutra  latidens  Allen. 

Lutra  latidens  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXIV,  1908,  p. 
660. 

Type  locality.     Lavala,  Matagalpa,  Nicaragua. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  snuff-brown;  varying  in  depth  of 
shade  according  to  the  light;  flanks  paler;  outer  side  of  limbs  like 
back;  chin  and  throat  pale  fulvous;  rest  of  underparts  and  inner 
side  of  hind  legs  pale  brown;  tail  like  back.  Ex  type  in  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  1280;  tail,  490  (collector).  Skull 
is  broken  into  small  pieces,  so  general  measurements  cannot  be  given. 
Length  of  the  molar  series,  including  as  usual  the  premolars,  37.5; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  37.5;  length  of  mandible,  72;  length  of 
pms,  16;  width  at  middle,  8;  width  near  posterior  border,  7.6.  Ex 
type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 


LUTRA.  143 

Lutra  repanda  Goldman. 

Lutra  repanda  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LXIII,  1914,  p.  3. 

Type  locality.     Cana,  eastern  Panama.     Altitude  2000  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  L.  colombiana;  dental  characters  different. 
Size  small;  upper  molars  narrower;  upper  carnassial  narrower;  inner 
lobe  less  produced  posteriorly. 

Color.  Upperparts  mars-brown;  lips  whitish,  as  are  also  the  inner 
side  of  fore  legs;  rest  of  underparts  grayish  brown,  with  throat,  pec- 
toral and  inguinal  regions  paler;  tail  like  Upperparts;  outer  side  of 
fore  legs  dark  brown;  fore  feet,  hind  legs  and  hind  feet  paler  brown. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  1085;  tail,  500;  hind  foot,  119. 
Skull:  Greatest  length,  117.2;  Occipito-nasal  length,  95.6;  Hensel, 
95.6;  zygomatic  width,  72;  in tertemporal  width,  23.1;  mastoid  width, 
69.9;  palatal  length,  49.8;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  28.4;  length 
of  mandible,  66.2;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  31.2.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

1  Lutra  periclyzomae  Elliot. 

Lutra  periclyzoma  Elliot,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XVIII,  1905,  p.  80. 

Type  locality.  Gawi,  west  coast  of  Moresby  Island,  Queen  Char- 
lotte Islands,  British  Columbia. 

Color.  Head,  entire  Upperparts  and  sides  of  neck  dark  cinnamon- 
brown,  changing  with  the  lights,  at  times  brilliant  with  silvery  reflec- 
tions; lips,  throat  and  chest  warm  buff;  abdomen  and  inguinal 
region  similar  to  Upperparts  but  paler;  tail,  like  back,  the  apical  half 
with  the  hairs  white-tipped  giving  this  part  the  appearance  of  being 
frosted.  Ex  specimen  No.  1761 1  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Skull:  Total  length,  122;  Hensel,  107;  zygomatic 
width,  81;  intertemporal  constriction,  20;  width  across  postorbital 
processes,  40;  width  of  rostrum  at  canines,  30.5;  palatal  length,  55; 
^length  of  upper  tooth  row,  anterior  edge  of  canine  to  posterior  edge  of 
last  molar,  40;  length  of  nasals,  17.5;  total  length  of  mandible,  angle 
to  tip  of  incisors,  76;  length  of  lower  tooth  row,  anterior  edge  of  canine 
to  posterior  edge  of  last  molar,  alveolar  border,  46;  length  of  canine, 
13;  length  of  lower  carnassial,  15.  Ex  type  in  Field  Museum  of 
Natural  History. 


1  This  species  was  originally  described  from  |a  skull ;  afterwards  some  skins  were 
procured,  one  of  which  is  now  described. 


144  ODONTOB^NUS.  PHOCA. 

Family  Odontobaenidae. 
Genus  Odontobaenus  (137). 

Odontobaenus  divergens  (Illiger). 

Trichechus  divergens  Illig.,  Abh.  Akad.  Wiss.  Berlin,  1815,  p.  68. 
Trichechus  obesus  Illig.,  Abh.  Akad.   Wiss.   Berlin,    1815,   p.   64, 
nomen  nudum;  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Fauna,  F.  C.  M.  Pub.,  II, 

i9OI>P-  358. 
Odontobcenus  obesus  Elliot,  Check-List  Mamm.  N.  Am.  Cont.  and 

W.  Indies,  F.  C.  M.  Pub.,  VI,  1905,  p.  439. 
Odobenus  divergent  Stejn.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII,  1914, 

P-  145- 

Type  locality.     Western  coast  of  Arctic  Sea. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Coast  of  northeastern  Asia  eastward  to  Alaska. 

Mr.  Stejneger  has  shown  (/.  c.)  that  Illiger's  name  obesus  for  this 
species  is  a  nomen  nudum,  being  "  without  any  trace  of  diagnosis,  in- 
dication, or  literary  reference  whatever";  but  on  page  68  of  the  same 
paper  he  bestows  a  tenable  name,  divergens,  upon  the  animal,  which 
will  be  the  one  by  which  it  must  hereafter  be  known. 

Family  Phocidae. 

Subfamily  Phocinae. 
Genus  Phoca  (141). 

Phoca  ochotensis  macrodens  Allen. 

Phoca  ochotensis  macrodens  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XVI, 
1902,  p.  483. 

Type  locality.  Avatcha  Bay,  Kamchatka.  Ranges  to  Point 
Barrow,  Alaska. 

Subgenus  Erignathus. 

Phoca  barbata  nautica  Pallas. 

Phoca  nautica  Pallas,  Zoogr.  Rosso-Asiat.,  I,  i8n,p.  108. 

Erignathus  barbatus  nauticus  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  24,  1904, 
p.  47. 

Type  locality.     Okhotsk  Sea. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Okhotsk  Sea  eastward  to  coast  of  Alaska. 

This  form  was  placed  in  the  Check-List  as  a  synonym  of  Phoca 
barbata,  but  lately  it  has  been  recognized  as  a  subspecies.  Erignathus 
has  also  been  employed  by  some  writers  as  a  distinct  genus. 


Order  Insectivora.    Insectivores. 

Family  Soricidae.     Shrews. 
Genus  Sorex  (143).     Common  Shrews. 

Sorex  obscurus  neomexicanus  Bailey. 

Sorex  obscurus  neomexicanus  Bailey,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI, 
1913,  p.  133. 

Type  locality.     Cloudcroft,  New  Mexico,     Altitude  9000  feet. 

Genl.  Char.     Larger  than  S.  obscurus,  darker  in  color,  less  reddish. 

Color.  Upperparts  sepia;  underparts  brownish.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  118;  tail,  45;  hind  foot,  15.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  16.3;  Hensel,  15.3;  intertemporal  width,  4.2; 
width  of  braincase,  8.8;  length  of  upper  tooth  row,  7.6;  length  of 
rostrum,  8.5;  palatal  length,  7;  length  of  mandible,  9.9;  length  of 
lower  tooth  row,  9.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Sorex  leucogenys  Osgood. 

Sorex  leucogenys  Osgood,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXII,  1909,  p.  52. 

Type  locality.  Mouth  of  the  Canon  of  Beaver  River,  about  3 
miles  from  Beaver,  Beaver  County,  Utah. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  S.  merriami  but  larger;  braincase  more 
elevated;  tail  shorter  than  head  and  body;  rostrum  thick,  heavy; 
third  unicuspid  larger  than  fourth. 

Color.  Upperparts  pale  brownish  drab;  flanks  ecru-drab;  chin 
and  sides  of  face  below  eyes  and  on  nose  to  tip,  hairs  white  to  roots; 
whiskers  white;  underparts  creamy  white;  feet  white;  tail  above 
brownish  drab,  tip  white,  beneath  white.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  107;  tail,  38;  hind  foot,  12.5. 
Skull:  Total  length,  17.2;  occipito-nasal  length,  14.8;  Hensel,  13.1; 
intertemporal  width,  3.7;  palatal  length,  7;  length  of  nasals,  4.6; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  6.8;  length  of  mandible,  8;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  4.2.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Sorex  lagunae  Nelson  and  Goldman. 

Sorex  laguna  Nels.  and  Goldm.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXII, 
1909,  p.  27. 

145 


146  SOREX. 

Type  locality.  La  Laguna,  Sierra  Laguna,  Lower  California,  Mex- 
ico. 

Genl.  Char.     Like  S.  ornatus  but  darker  on  underparts. 

Color.  Upperparts  dark  grayish  brown;  underparts  paler;  tail 
above  blackish,  beneath  paler;  feet  dusky.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  98;  tail,  41;  hind  foot,  12.5.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  16.1 ;  intertemporal  width,  3.5 ;  length  of  palate, 
4.9;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  6.5;  length  of  mandible,  7.7;  length 
of  lower  molar  series,  4.4.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Sorex  calif ornicus  jucensis  Nelson  and  Goldman. 

Sorex  calif  ornicus  jucensis  Nels.  and  Goldm.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash. 
XXII,  1909,  p.  27. 

Type  locality.  Socorro,  1 5  miles  south  of  San  Quintin,  Lower  Cali- 
fornia, Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Resembles  S.  californicus,  but  tail  somewhat  longer, 
feet  darker.  Skull  has  the  braincase  narrower  and  higher,  more 
arched;  third  unicuspid  very  small,  in  this  respect  like  S.  californicus. 

Color.  Upperparts  mixed  smoky  brown  and  grayish;  underparts 
brownish  gray  and  plumbeous;  tail  above  dusky;  beneath  grayish, 
tip  darkest.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. ' 

Measurements.  Total  length,  101;  tail,  41;  hind  foot,  12.5. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  14.7;  Hensel,  13.7;  intertemporal  width, 
3.5;  length  of  nasals,  5.5;  palatal  length,  5.5;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  6;  length  of  mandible,  8.8;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  4.5. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Sorex  dispar  Batchelder. 

Sorex  dispar  Batchelder,  Proc.  Bioi.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXIV,  1911,  p.  97. 
Sorex  macrurus  Batchelder,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  X,  1896,  p.  133 

(nee  Lehmann,  1822);   Elliot,  Syn,  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  F.  C.  M. 

Pub.  Zool.,  1901,  p.  364;  Id.  Check-List  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1905, 

P-  443- 

Type  locality.     Adirondack  Mountains,  New  York. 
The  name  macrurus  originally  given  to  this  species  being  preoccu- 
pied, Batchelder  (/.  c.)  proposes  a  new  one  dispar. 

Sorex  fontinalis  Hollister. 

Sorex  personatus  lesueuri  Merr.,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  10,  1895  P-'6i 

(Part). 
Sorex  fontinalis  Hollister,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  40,  No.  1825, 1911, 

P.  378. 


SOREX.  MICROSOREX.  147 

Type  locality.     Cold  Spring  Swamp,  near  Beltsville,  Maryland. 

Genl.  Char.     Size  small;   tail  comparatively  short. 

Color.  Upperparts  dark  sepia,  darkest  on  rump;  sides  broccoli- 
brown.;  underparts  brownish  gray;  tail  above  like  back,  tip  blackish, 
beneath  pale  yellowish  brown.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  90;  tail,  31;  hind  foot,  10.  Skull: 
Total  length,  14.8;  Hensel,  12.2;  inter  temporal  width,  3.5;  breadth  of 
braincase,  7;  palatal  length,  5.6;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  3.4; 
length  of  mandible,  6.9;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  3.8.  Ex  type 
in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Sorex  montereyensis  mariposae  Grinnell. 

Sorex  montereyensis  mariposa  Grinnell,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool., 
X,  1913,  p.  189. 

Type  locality.  Yosemite  Valley,  4000  feet  altitude,  Mariposa 
County,  California. 

Sorex  sinuosus  Grinnell. 

Sorex  sinuosus  Grinnell,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  X,  1913,  p.  187. 

Type  locality.  Grizzly  Island,  near  Suisun,  Solano  County,  Cali- 
fornia. 

Sorex  halicoetes  Grinnell. 

Sorex  haliccetes  Grinnell,  Univ.  Calif.  Pub.  Zool.,  X,  1913,  p.  183. 

Type  locality.  Salt  Marsh  near  Palo  Alto,  Santa  Clara  County, 
California. 

Genus  Microsorex  (144). 

Microsorex  winnemana  Preble. 

Microsorex  winnemana  Preble,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXIII, 
1910,  p.  101. 

Type  locality.  Near  Stubblefield  Falls,  Potomac  River,  Fairfax 
County,  Virginia. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  M.  hoyi,  but  smaller;  braincase  higher  and 
more  round;  rostrum  shorter. 

Color.  Head  and  face  grayish  brown  tinged  with  ochraceous; 
upperparts  grayish  brown;  underparts  ashy  gray;  tail  above  grayish 
brown,  beneath  silvery  gray. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  78;  tail,  28;  hind  foot,  9.  Skull: 
Greatest  length,  13.8;  breadth  of  braincase,  6;  palatal  length,  2.8; 
mastoid  width,  6.1;  length  of  upper  tooth  row,  incisors  to  last  molar, 


148  BLARINA.  CRYPTOTIS. 

4.1;  length  of  mandible,  5.3;  length  of  lower  tooth  row,  4.     Ex  type 
in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Genus  Blarina  (148). 

1  Blarina  brevicauda  talpoides  (Gapper) . 

Sorex  talpoides  Gapper,  Zool.  Journ.,  V,  1830,  p.  202. 

Type  locality.     Between  York  and  Lake  Sincoe,  Ontario,  Canada. 


Genus  2  Crypto tis. 

Cryptotis  Pomel,  Archiv  Sci.  Phys.  et  Nat.  Geneve,  IX,  1848,  p.  249. 
Type  Sorex  cinereus  Bachman  =  Sorex  par-vus  Say. 

Cryptotis  pergracilis  macer  Miller. 

Cryptotis  pergracilis  macer  Miller,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXIV, 
1911,  p.  223. 

Type  locality.  Near  Guanajuato  City,  State  of  Guanajuato,  Mex- 
ico. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  C.  pergracilis  Elliot,  but  third  upper  unicus- 
pid  larger. 

Color.     Type  in  alcohol. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  67.4;  tail,  17.4;  hind  foot,  10. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  13.4;  Hensel,  13;  zygomatic  width,  5; 
intertemporal  width,  3.5;  length  of  upper  tooth  row,  7.2;  length  of 
mandible,  8.4;  length  of  lower  tooth  row,  6.6.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Cryptotis  gracilis  Miller. 

Cryptotis  gracilis  Miller,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXIV,  1911,  p.  221. 

Type  locality.  Head  of  Lari  River,  near  base  of  Pico  Blanco, 
Talamanca,  Costa  Rica.  Altitude  about  6000  feet. 

Genl.  Char.     Size  of  C.  mexicana,  skull  narrow,  elongate. 

Color.  Upper  and  lower  parts  dark  smoke  gray;  washed  with 
blackish  brown  on  upperparts;  under  fur  slate-gray.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  105;  tail,  35;  hind  foot,  13.6. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  17.9;  intertemporal  width,  4.9;  zygo- 
matic width,  5.2;  breadth  of  braincase,  9;  length  of  upper  tooth  row, 


1  Considered  in  Check-List  as  a  synonym  of  Blarina  brevicauda  (Say). 

2  In  Check-List  made  a  synonym  of  Blarina,  p.  460. 


CRYPTOTIS.  149 

8.8;    length  of  mandible,  10.4;    length  of  lower  tooth  row,  7.8.     Ex 
type  in  United  States  National  Museum.  „ 

Cryptotis  olivaceus  (Allen). 

Blarina  olivaceus  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXIV,  1908, 
p.  669. 

Type  locality.  San  Rafael  de  Norte,  Nicaragua.  Altitude  about 
5000  feet. 

Color.  Above  grayish  brown,  changing  according  to  the  light 
beneath  whitish  gray;  feet  whitish;  tail  above  dusky,  beneath  grayish 
white.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  80;  tail,  17;  hind  foot,  10.  Skull: 
Broken,  occipital  region  wanting;  length  of  upper  tooth  row,  6.6; 
length  of  mandible,  8.8.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History. 

Cryptotis  frontalis  Miller. 

Cryptotis  frontalis  Miller,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXIV,  1911,  p. 

222. 

Type  locality.  Near  City  of  Tehuantepec,  Mexico.  Type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Gent.  Char.  Like  C.  mexicana,  but  skull  more  robust;  teeth  larger, 
the  inner  tubercles  of  upper  unicuspids  less  developed. 

Color.     Type  in  alcohol. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  93 ;  tail,  27;  hind  foot,  12.2.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  18.2;  Hensel,  16.6;  zygomatic  width,  6.2; 
intertemporal  width,  5.3;  breadth  of  braincase,  10.2;  length  of  man- 
dible, 10.6;  length  of  upper  tooth  row,  7.6;  length  of  lower  tooth  row, 
8.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Cryptotis  merus  Goldman. 

Cryptotis  merus  Goldman,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.  LX,  1912,  p.  17. 

Type  locality.  Near  head  of  Rio  Limon,  Mount  Pirri,  eastern 
Panama. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  C.  orophila  but  smaller;  darker  in  color. 

Color.  Entire  pelage  above  and  beneath  uniform  black;  feet 
dusky;  tail  black  all  around.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  98;  tail,  31;  hind  foot,  12.5.  Skull: 
Total  length,  19.1;  zygomatic  width,  6.5;  breadth  of  braincase,  9.3; 
intertemporal  width,  4.7;  length  of  upper  tooth  row,  8.8;  length  of 
mandible,  9.6;  length  of  lower  tooth  row,  5.7.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 


150  SCALOPUS. 

Family  Talpidae. 

Subfamily  Scalopinae. 

Genus  Scalopus. 

Scalopus  aquaticus  machrinoides  Jackson. 

Scalopus  aquaticus  machrinoides  Jackson,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXVII,  1914,  p.  19. 

Type  locality.     Manhattan,  Kansas. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  large,  similar  to  S.  a.  machrinus  but  grayer  in 
color. 

Color.  Entire  upperparts  clove-brown,  paler  on  face,  wrists  and 
underparts;  ventral  portion  washed  with  raw-umber.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  36.9;  zygomatic 
width,  17.4;  intertemporal  width,  8.0;  length  of  nasals,  14.2;  length 
of  upper  tooth  row,  12.1;  length  of  mandible,  22.8;  length  of  lower 
tooth  row,  12.0.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Scalopus  aquaticus  pulcher  Jackson. 

Scalopus  aquaticus  pulcher  Jackson,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII, 
1914,  p.  20. 

Type  locality.     Delight,  Arkansas. 

Genl.  Char.  Hind  foot  and  skull  larger  than  S.  aquaticus  with 
wider  supraoccipital. 

Color.  Top  of  head  mummy-brown;  nose  cinnamon-brown; 
upperparts  dark  fuscous,  hairs  tipped  with  pearl-gray;  underparts 
sepia,  base  of  fur  plumbeous.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  164;  tail,  25;  hind  foot,  22.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  35.9;  Hensel,  29.4;  zygomatic  width,  15.7; 
intertemporal  width,  7.7;  palatal  length,  14.6;  length  of  nasals,  12.3; 
length  of  upper  tooth  row,  n.i;  length  of  mandible,  22.2;  length  of 
lower  tooth  row,  n.o.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Scalopus  aquaticus  caryi  Jackson. 

Scalopus  aquaticus  caryi  Jackson,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII, 

•1914,  p.  20. 

Type  locality.     Neligh,  Nebraska. 
Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  S.  a.  intermedius,  but  paler  in  color,  and 


SCALOPUS.  151 

nose  and  wrists  lacking  the  ochraceous  suffusion;  skull  shorter  and 
broader. 

Color.  Upperparts  pale  drab,  lighter  on  head;  nose  ivory  color; 
underparts  pale  drab  and  neutral  gray  mixed,  with  a  wash  of  Sac- 
cardo's  cinnamon-brown.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  160;  tail,  31.5;  hind  foot,  22. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  34.9;  Hensel,  29.9;  zygomatic  width, 
16.3;  intertemporal  width,  8.2;  length  of  nasals,  10.7;  length  of  upper 
tooth  row,  n.i;  length  of  mandible,  22.4;  length  of  lower  tooth  row, 
10.9.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Scalopus  inflatus  Jackson. 

Scalopus  inflatus  Jackson,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII,  1914, 
p.  21. 

Type  locality.  State  of  Tamaulipas,  Mexico,  45  miles  from  Browns- 
ville, Texas. 

Genl.  Char.  Larger  than  S.  a.  texensis,  and  less  ochraceous  in 
color.  Skull  high,  arched;  rostrum  broad;  zygomatic  arch  heavy; 
outer  groove  pronounced  in  third  upper  premolar,  first  lower  premolar 
small. 

Color.  Cheeks  ochraceous;  upperparts  wood-brown  and  drab; 
underparts  similar  but  mixed  more  conspicuously  with  mouse-gray. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Skull:  Imperfect,  posterior  portion  of  braincase 
and  the  basioccipital  lacking.  Palatilar  length,  13.4;  mastoid  width, 
17.0;  intertemporal  width,  7.1;  length  of  upper  tooth  row,  n.i; 
length  of  mandible,  20;  length  of  lower  tooth  row,  n.o.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Scalopus  aquaticus  howelli  Jackson. 

Scalopus  aquaticus  howelli  Jackson,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII, 
1914,  p.  19. 

Type    locality.     Autaugaville,  Alabama. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  intermediate  between  S.  aquaticus  and  S.  a. 
australis,  but  paler;  skull  flat,  rostrum  long  and  narrow. 

Color.  Head  and  nape  buffy  brown;  rest  of  upperparts  dark 
drab;  underparts  like  back  but  tinged  with  tawny  olive.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  152;  tail,  20;  hind  foot,  18.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  32.7;  Hensel,  26.9;  zygomatic  width,  15.2; 
intertemporal  width,  7.4;  length  of  nasals,  12;  length  of  upper  tooth 
row,  10.2;  length  of  mandible,  20.5;  length  of  lower  tooth  row,  10.1. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


152  SCAPANUS. 


Genus  Scapanus  (151). 

Scapanus  latimanus  (Bachman). 

Scalops  latimanus  Bachm.,  Boston  Journ.  Nat.  Hist.,  IV,  1842, 

P-  34- 

Scalops  calif ornicus  Ayres,  Calif.  Acad.  Sci.,  I,  1855,  p.  53. 
Scapanus  townsendi  Peters  (nee  Bachm.),  Monatsb.  K.  Akad.  Wiss. 

Berlin,  1863,  p.  656. 

Scapanus  dilatus  True,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  XVII,  1894,  p.  242. 
Scapanus  calif  ornicus  True,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XIX,  1896, 

p.  52;   Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  F.  C.  M.  Pub.,  II,  1901, 

p.  392,  Zool.  Ser. 
Scapanus  latimanus  Osgood,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX,  1907, 

P-  52. 

Type  locality.  Monterey,  Santa  Clara  County,  California  (see 
Osgood). 

The  type  of  this  species  is  in  the  Berlin  Museum,  transmitted  there 
by  Deppe  from  Monterey,  California.  Mr.  Osgood  examined  this 
type  specimen  and  was  convinced  that  it  was  the  same  as  Scalopus  cali- 
f ornicus  Ayres,  which  indeed  it  must  be,  as  it  is  the  only  species  of  mole 
found  in  that  locality,  therefore  Ayres's  name  must  become  a  syno- 
nym, and  the  species  be  hereafter  known  as  Scapanus  latimanus 
(Bachman). 

Scapanus  latimanus  occultus  Grinnell  and  Swarth. 

Scapanus  latimanus  occultus  Grinnell  and  Swarth,  Univ  Calif. 
Publ.  Zool.,  X,  1912,  p.  131. 

Type  locality.  Santa  Anna  Canon,  altitude  400  feet,  Orange 
County,  California. 

Color.     Pale  brown  with  strong  yellowish  sheen  above  and  beneath. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  150;  tail,  33;  hind  foot,  18.  Skull: 
Total  length,  31.5;  Hensel,  25.6;  zygomatic  width,  12.3;  intertempo- 
ral  width,  7.1;  length  of  nasals,  9;  length  of  mandible,  19.4;  length 
of  upper  molar  series,  12.6;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  10.9.  Ex 
type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Scapanus  latimanus  sericatus  Jackson. 

Scapanus  latimanus  sericatus  Jackson,   Proc.   Biol.   Soc.    Wash., 

XXVII,  1914,  p.  55- 

Type  locality.     Yosemite,  Mariposa  County,  California. 
Gent.  Char.     Smaller  and*  grayer  than  S.  latimanus. 


SCAPANUS.  153 

Color.  Upperparts  olive-brown;  underparts  dark  mouse-gray. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  165;  tail,  36;  hind  foot,  21.  Skull: 
Greatest  length,  34.3;  Hensel,  29;  zygomatic  width,  12.9;  inter- 
temporal  width,  7.2;  mastoid  width,  16.2;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  13.2;  length  of  mandible,  19;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  13.1. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Scapanus  latimanus  grinnelli  Jackson. 

Scapanus  latimanus  grinnelli  Jackson,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXVII,  1914,  p.  56. 

Type  locality.     Independence,  Inyo  County,  California. 

Genl.Char.     Size  small;  skull  short,  elevated;  rostrum  short,  wide. 

Color.  Upperparts  fuscous;  underparts  grayish;  throat  and  chest 
stained  with  Dresden-brown.  Ex  type  in  Museum  of  Vertebrate  Zool- 
ogy, University  of  California. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  156;  tail,  31;  hind  foot,  21.  Skull: 
Greatest  length,  33;  Hensel,  26.5;  zygomatic  width,  14.5;  inter- 
temporal  width,  7.8;  palatal  length,  13.1;  mastoid  width,  17;  length 
of  upper  molar  series,  12.7;  length  of  mandible,  21.3;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  11.4.  Ex  type  in  Museum  of  Vertebrate  Zoology, 
University  of  California. 


Order  Chiroptera.    Bats. 

Family  Vespertilionidae.     Common  Bats. 
Subfamily  Vespertilioninae. 
Genus  Myotis.  (155). 

Myotis  grisescens  Howell. 

Myotis  grisescens  Howell,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXII,  1909, 
p.  46. 

Type  locality.  Nickajack  Cave,  near  Shellmound,  Marion  County, 
Tennessee. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Indiana,  Tennessee,  and  Missouri. 

Gent.  Char.  Nearest  M.  velifer,  but  darker;  wings  attached  to  the 
feet  near  ankle  joint. 

Color.  Upperparts  from  dark  mouse-gray  to  dark  hair-brown; 
underparts,  hairs  at  tips  pale  smoky  gray,  mouse-gray  basally;  flanks 
and  lower  part  of  abdomen  whitish;  membrane,  ears  and  feet  black. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  14.1;  Hensel,  n.8; 
zygomatic  width,  n;  intertemporal  width,  4.2;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  3.9;  length  of  mandible,  11.3;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  5.9. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Myotis  carissima  Thomas. 

Myotis  carissima  Thos.,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  Ser.  7,  XIIIr 

1904,  P-  383- 
Type  locality.     Yellowstone  Lake,  Yellowstone  Park,  Wyoming. 

Myotis  baileyi  Hollister. 

Myotis  baileyi  Hollister,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXII,  1909,  p.  44. 

Type  locality.  Base  of  White  Mountains,  near  Ruidoso,  Lincoln 
County,  New  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Like  M.  velifer  but  smaller;  tragus  broad,  pointed; 
wing  from  base  of  toes;  forearm  shorter. 

Color.  Upperparts  sepia;  underparts  smoke-gray;  ears,  face 
and  wings  black.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  72.6;  tail,  27.8;  foot  (skin),  9.1: 
forearm,  40.3;  ear,  14.9;  tragus,  6.5;  thumb,  6.4.  Skull:  Total 

154 


MYOTIS.  155 

length,  14.6;  zygomatic  width,  10 ;  intertemporal  width,  4.1;  breadth 
of  braincase,  7.8;  length  of  upper  tooth  row,  6.1;  length  of  mandible, 
1 1. 6;  length  of  lower  tooth  row,  6.2.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Myotis  occultus  Hollister. 

Myotis  occultus  Hollister,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc,  Wash.,  XXII,  1909,  p.  43. 

Type  locality.  West  side  of  Colorado  River,  10  miles  above  Needles, 
San  Bernardino  County,  California. 

Genl.  Char.  Resembles  M.  .peninsularis  but  smaller;  forearm 
shorter;  tragus  shorter,  tip  blunt. 

Color.  Upperparts  glossy  Prout's-brown,  tinged  with  cinnamon; 
underparts  paler,  buff- tinged;  ears  and  wings  brown.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  96;  tail,  40;  foot,  10.5;  tibia,  14; 
tragus,  6.5;  thumb,  6.  Skull:  Total  length,  15.3;  zygomatic  width, 
9.5;  intertemporal  width,  4;  length  of  upper  tooth  row,  5.9;  length  of 
mandible,  n.8;  length  of  lower  tooth  row,  5.8.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Myotis  pernox  Hollister. 

Myotis  pernox  Hollister,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LVI,  1911,  p.  4. 

Type  locality.     Henry  House,  Alberta,  Canada. 

Genl.  Char.     Colors  dark;   braincase  inflated. 

Color.  Upperparts  dark  brown,  under  fur  black;  border  around 
base  of  interfemoral  membrane  burnt-umber;  underparts  dark  drab- 
brown;  ears  and  membranes,  blackish.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  88.5;  tail,  39.5;  foot,  9.5;  forearm, 
36.5;  ear,  13;  tragus,  6.7;  thumb  and  claw,  5.7;  tibia,  17.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  13.3;  Hensel,  •  1 1 . 2 ;  zygomatic  width,  9.6; 
intertemporal  width,  4.4;  width  of  braincase,  8;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  3.6;  length  of  mandible,  n;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  5.3. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Myotis  altifrons  Hollister. 

Myotis  altifrons  Hollister,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LVI,  1911,  p.  3. 

Type  locality.     Henry  House,  Alberta,  Canada. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  M.  lucifugus  but  foot  larger. 

Color.  Upperparts  bistre,  underparts  dark  Isabella  color;  ears  and 
membranes  blackish.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  92;  tail,  39;  foot,  n;  forearm,  37; 
ear,  12.5;  tragus,  7.6;  tibia,  16.7.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  12.8; 


156  MYOTIS. 

Hensel,  10.5;  zygomatic  width,  8.5;  interorbital  width,  4.1;  width  of 
braincase,  8;  length  of  upper  tooth  row,  ex  canine,  3.8;  length  of 
mandible,  15;  length  of  lower  tooth  row,  ex  canine,  5.1.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

This  form  differs  from  M .  lucifugus  mainly  in  the  skull  which  is 
larger  and  the  braincase  flattened. 

Myotis  capitaneus  Nelson  and  Goldman. 

My otis  capitaneus  Nels.  and  Goldm.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXII,  1909,  p.  28. 

Type  locality.  San  Jorge,  30  miles  southwest  of  Comondu,  Lower 
California,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Resembles  M.  californicus,  but  larger  with  shorter 
and  more  rounded  ears;  tragus  shorter,  no  notch  above  lobe  at  pos- 
terior base. 

Color.  Upperparts  brownish  cinnamon;  head  paler;  underparts 
pale  ochraceous-buff  with  a  brownish  tinge;  membranes  brown.  Ex 
type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.     Total  length,  92;    tail,  42;    forearm,  33.6;    tibia 
18.9;     foot,    7.4;     thumb,    5.8.     Skull:     Occipito-nasal    length,    n, 
Hensel,  9.7;   zygomatic  width,  7.9;   intertemporal  width,  3.8;   length 
of  upper  molar  series,  3.9;    length  of  mandible,  7.8;    length  of  lower 
molar  series,  4.6.     Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Myotis  micronyx  Nelson  and  Goldman. 

Myotis  micronyx  Nels.  and  Goldm.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXII,  1909,  p.  28. 

Type  locality.     Comondu,  Lower  California,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.     Like  M.  evotus  but  smaller. 

Color.  Upperparts  and  middle  of  face  light  golden-cinnamon; 
sides  of  face  covered  with  dusky  hairs;  underparts  gray  with  a  buff 
tinge;  ears,  feet  and  membranes  black.  Ex  type  in  United  States 
National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  90;  tail,  42;  forearm,  35.8;  tibia, 
18.2;  foot,  7.9;  thumb,  5.7;  ear,  14.6.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length, 
4.4;  Hensel,  11.4;  zygomatic  width,  14.3;  width  of  braincase,  7.2; 
intertemporal  width,  3.8;  palatal  length,  7.3;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  4.1;  length  of  mandible,  11.2;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  6. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Myotis  winnemana  Nelson. 

Myotis  winnemana  Nelson,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI,  1913, 

p.  183. 
Type  locality.     Plummers  Island,   Maryland. 


MYOTIS.  PIZONYX.  EPTESICUS.  157 

* 

Geogr.  Distr.     Brandon,  Vermont,  and  Plummers  Island,  Maryland. 

Genl.  Char.  Like  M.  lucifugus,  but  forearm  shorter  and  muzzle 
black.  Skull  small,  flattened. 

Color.  Upperparts  dark  chestnut-brown,  tinged  with  golden; 
underparts  dull  grayish  brown;  muzzle  and  sides  of  head  blackish. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  82;  tail,  39;  hind  foot,  8;  forearm, 
30.5;  extent  of  wing,  225.  Skull:  Basal  length,  10.4;  width  of  brain- 
case,  6.8;  zygomatic  width,  8.2;  intertemporal  width,  3.6;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,  4;  length  of  mandible,  9.3;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  4.3.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

My otis  yumanensis  (H.  Allen). 

Vespertilio  yumanensis  H.  Allen,  Mon.  N.  Am.  Bats,  1864,  p.  58; 
Elliot,  Check-List  Mamm.  N.  Am.  Con.  and  West  Indies, 
F.  C.  M.  Pub.  VI,  1905,  p.  475- 

Vespertilio  obscurus  H.  Allen,  Proc.  Acad.  N.  S.  Phila.,  1866,  p.  231. 

Type  locality.     Fort  Yuma,  San  Diego  County,  California. 

In  North  American  Fauna,  No.  13,  1897,  p.  69  Mr.  G.  S.  Miller 
Jr.,  assigned  Vespertilio  obscurus  H.  Allen  to  the  synonymy  of  My  otis 
calif  or  nicus  Aud.  and  Bach.,  and  it  has  remained  there  ever  since. 
The  specimen  was  in  alcohol  and  lately  by  the  removal  of  the  skull, 
Mr.  E.  A.  Goldman  (Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII,  1914,  p.  102) 
states  that  on  comparison  with  the  skull  of  M .  yumanensis  they  prove 
to  be  specifically  identical  and  therefore  in  future  the.  position  of  V. 
obscurus  H.  Allen,  will  be  given  as  above. 

Genus  Pizonyx. 

Pizonyx  Miller,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XIX,  1906,  p.  85. 

A  genus  created  for  the  single  species  My  otis  vivesi  Menegaux. 
No.  1148,  Check-List. 

Characters.  "Like  My  otis  but  with  foot  (claws  included)  as  long 
as  tibia,  the  toes  and  claws  so  greatly  compressed  that  width  of  claw 
is  only  about  one-eighth  the  height  at  base;  wing  with  large  glandular 
mass  near  middle  of  forearm." 

Type.     Myotis  vivesi  Menegaux,  the  only  known  species. 

Genus.  Eptesicus. 

Eptesicus  fuscus  pallidus  Young. 

Eptesicus  pallidus  Young,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  1908,  p.  408. 
Type  locality.     Boulder,  Boulder  County,  Colorado. 


158  B^ODON.  SACCOPTERYX.  RHYNCHISCUS. 

Genus  Baeodon. 

Baeodon  alleni  (Thomas). 

Rhogeessa  alleni  Thomas,  see  Elliot,  Check-List  Mamm.  N.  Am. 
Cont.  and  West  Indies,  F.  C.  M.  Pub.,  VI,  1905,  p.  489. 

Bceodon  Miller,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XIX,  1906,  p.  85. 

Genus  created  for  Rhogeessa  (!)  alleni  Thomas,  No.  1176,  Check- 
List. 

"Like  Rhogeessa  (!)  but  with  reduction  of  outer  lower  incisor  car- 
ried so  far  that  the  tooth  has  become  a  mere  functionless  spicule  less 
than  one-twentieth  as  large  as  first  or  second  incisor,  nearly  concealed 
beneath  cingulum  of  canine." 

Bceodon  alleni  is  the  only  known  species. 


Family  l  Emballonuridae. 

Subfamily  Emballonurinae. 

Genus  Saccopteryx  (167). 

Saccopteryx  bilineata  centralis  Thomas. 

Saccopteryx  bilineata  centralis  Thos.,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist. 
Ser.  7,  XIII,  1904,  p.  251. 

Type  locality.     Teapa,  State  of  Tabasco,  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Southern  Mexico  to  Costa  Rica. 

Genl.  Char.     Like  S.  bilineata  but  smaller. 

Color.     Like  S.  bilineata. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  64;  tail,  14;  leg  and  foot,  30.5; 
calcar,  18.5;  forearm,  47.  Skull:  Greatest  length,  15.6;  basal  length, 
12;  greatest  breadth,  10.4;  interorbital  breadth,  4.2;  breadth  of 
braincase,  8;  palatal  length,  5.4;  length  of  upper  tooth  row,  including 
canine,  6.5;  lower  tooth  row,  6.8. 

Genus  Rhynchiscus. 

Rhynchiscus  Miller,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XX,  1907,  p.  65. 
Proposed   in   place   of   Rhynchonycteris   Peters,    1867,   nee   Rhin- 
chonycteris  (!)  Tschudi,  1844-45.     Type  Vespertilio  naso  Wied. 

1  For  including  Saccopteryx,  Rhynchiscus  and  Balantiopteryx  in  this  family,  see 
Miller,  Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  No.  57,  1907,  pp.  85,  86,  87,  89,  92. 


RHYNCHISCUS.  BALANTIOPTERYX.  159 

Rhynchiscus  naso   (Wied),   see   Elliot,  Check-List   Mamm.  N.  Am. 
Cont.  and  West  Indies,  1905,  No.  1181,  p.  492. 

Rhynchiscus  naso  priscus  G.  M.  Allen. 

Rhynchiscus  naso  priscus  G.  M.  Allen,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XXVII,  1914,  p.  109. 

Type  locality.     Xcopen,  Quintana  Roo,  southern  Mexico. 

Gent.  Char.  Similar  to  R.  naso,  but  shorter  forearm;  smaller  skull, 
with  a  conspicuous  cingulum  cusp  anteriorly  and  posteriorly  on  ante- 
rior upper  premolar. 

Color.  Top  and  sides  of  head  and  upperparts  of  body  mixed  black 
and  mummy-brown,  hairs  tipped  with  white;  these  forming  a  broken 
whitish  band  on  lower  back;  underparts  dull  whitish,  washed  with 
buffy  on  the  belly,  hairs  slaty  at  their  base;  a  patch  of  white  at  the 
base  of  forearm  internally;  femora,  tibiae,  free  portion  of  the  tail  and 
proximal  half  of  the  interfemoral  membrane  amber-brown;  on  fore- 
arm externally  on  border  of  proximal  third  is  a  rusty  line,  beyond 
which  are  four  small  whitish  and  buff  tufts.  A  small  whitish  tuft 
at  base  of  each  ear.  Type  in  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology, 
Cambridge,  Mass. 

Measurements.  Forearm,  38.5.  Skull:  Greatest  length,  12; 
zygomatic  width,  7.2;  intertemporal  width,  2.3;  mastoid  width, 
6.5;  length  of  upper  tooth  row,  4.6,-  length  of  mandible,  ;  length 
of  lower  tooth  row,  4.8.  Type  in  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology, 
Cambridge,  Mass. 

Genus  Balantiopteryx.  (168). 

Balantiopteryx  io  Thomas. 

Balantiopteryx  io  Thos.,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  7th  Ser.,  XIII, 
1904,  p.  252. 

Type  locality.  River  Dolores,  near  Coban,  Guatemala.  Type 
in  British  Museum. 

Gent.  Char.  Size  very  small;  tragus  slender,  tip  rounded;  lobule 
opposite  base  of  inner  margin,  and  another  higher  up.  Wing-sacs  in 
center  of  membrane;  wings  attached  to  distal  end  of  tibia;  calcar 
slender,  not  reaching  the  knee;  base  of  interfemoral  membrane  hairy. 

Color.  Above  and  beneath,  and  membranes,  dark  brown;  no 
white  edgings  to  wings. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  52;  tail,  12;  ear,  12;  tragus,  3; 
thumb,  5.6;  third  finger,  metacarpal,  31.5;  fifth  finger,  metacarpal,  36; 
tibia,  14;  leg  and  foot,  22;  calcar,  10.5.  Skull:  Greatest  length,  12.3; 
basal  length,  8.7;  zygomatic  breadth,  8.8;  across  muzzle,  6;  mastoid 
breadth,  7.6;  palatal  length,  3.3. 


160  PEROPTERYX.  CENTRONYCTERIS.  DIRIAS. 


Genus  Peropteryx. 

Peropteryx  canina  phaea  G.  M.  Allen. 

Peropteryx  canina  phcea  G.  M.  Allen,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  LIV, 

1911,  p.  222. 
Type  locality.     Point  Saline,  Grenada,  Lesser  Antilles. 


Genus.  Centronycteris. 

Centronycteris  centralis  Thomas. 

Centronycteris  centralis  Thos.,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  Ser,  8,  X, 

1912,  p.  638. 
Type  locality.     Bogava,  Chiriqui,  Panama. 


Family  Noctilionidae. 
Genus  Dirias. 

Dirias  Miller,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XIX,  1904,  p.  84.  Type 
Noctilio  albiv  enter  Spix. 

Dirias  minor  Osgood. 

Dirias  minor  Osgood,  Field  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Pub.,  149,  X,  1910, 
p.  30;  Nelson,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXV,  1912,  p.  93. 

Type  locality.  Encontrados,  Zulia,  Venezuela.  Ranges  to  Pan- 
ama, having  been  taken  at  Empire,  Canal  Zone,  Feb.  16,  1912. 

Genl.  Char.     Allied  to  D.  albiventer  but  smaller. 

Color.  Alcoholic.  Upperparts  pale  Prout's-brown;  a  whitish 
median  line  from  interscapular  region  to  tail;  underparts  tawny  olive; 
membrane  pale  Prout's  brown.  Ex  type  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural 
History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  79;  tail,  12;  ear,  20.5;  forearm, 
58.4;  thumb,  10;  tibia,  21.5;  calcar,  30.5;  foot  and  claws,  15.6. 
Skull:  Total  length,  18.5;  zygomatic  width,  14.6;  intertemporal 
width,  5.6;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  6;  length  of  mandible,  12.7; 
length  of  lower  molar  series,  6.8.  Ex  type  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural 
History. 


MOLOSSUS.  161 

• 

Family  Molossidae. 
Genus  Molossus  (172). 

Molossus  sinaloae  Allen. 

Molossus  sinalocR  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXII,  1906, 
p.  236. 

Type  locality.     Escuinapa,  Sinaloa,  Mexico. 

Color .  Entire  upperparts  dull  brown,  approaching  mummy-brown ; 
underparts  buffy  brown;  membranes  and  ears  dark  brown.  Ex  type 
in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  1 08;  tail,  38;  forearm,  43.3;  finger, 
84;  thumb,  6;  foot,  16.  Skull:  Total  length,  20;  Hensel,  14.2; 
occipito-nasal,  16.4;  zygomatic  width,  12;  intertemporal  width,  4; 
width  of  braincase,  10;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  6.6;  length  of 
mandible,  13.1 ;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  6.7.  Ex  type  in  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Molossus  verrilli  Allen. 

Molossus  verrilli  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXIV,  1908, 
p.  581. 

Type  locality.     Samana,  San  Domingo. 

Color.  Upperpart  sepia;  underparts  paler;  membranes  and  ears 
blackish.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  85;  tail,  25  (skin);  forearm,  40; 
3d  metacarpal  41.  Skull:  Total  length,  16.7;  Hensel  (broken); 
zygomatic  width,  10;  width  of  braincase,  8.8;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  4.6;  length  of  mandible,  n;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  5.2. 
Ex  type  in  American  IVfuseum  of  Natural  History. 

Molossus  debilis  Miller. 

Molossus  debilis  Miller,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  46,  1913,  p.  90. 

Type  locality.     St.  Kitts,  Lesser  Antilles. 

Measurements.  Skull:  Total  length,  15;  occipito-nasal  length, 
13.2;  zygomatic  width,  8;  intertemporal  width,  3.2;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  4.4;  length  of  mandible,  10.4;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  5.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Molossus  fortis  Miller. 

Molossus  fortis  Miller,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  46,  1913,  p.  89. 
Type  locality.     Luquillo,  Porto  Rico. 


162  MOLOSSOPS.  MORMOPTERUS.  EUMOPS. 

Measurements.     Skull:    Total  length,    17;    occipito-nasal  length, 

14.8;   Hensel,  13.2;   zygomatic  width, ;   intertemporal  width, ; 

length  of  upper  molar  series,  4.9;  length  of  mandible,  12.7;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  3.8.     Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Genus  Molossops  Peters. 

Molossops  Peters,  Monatsb.  K.  Preuss.  Akad.  Wiss.  Berlin,  1865, 
p.  575.     Type  Molossus  temminckii  Burmeister. 

Molossops  planirostris  (Peters). 

Molossus  planirostris   Peters,  Monatsb.   K.  Preuss.   Akad.  Wiss. 

Berlin,  1865,  p.  575. 
Type  locality.     British  Guiana. 
Geogr.  Distr.     British  Guiana  north  to  Panama. 


Genus  Mormopterus. 

Mormopterus  Peters,  Monatsb.  K.  Preuss.  Akad.  Wiss.  Berlin, 
1865,  p.  258.  Type  Nyctinomus  jugularis  Peters. 

Mormopterus  minutus  (Miller). 

Nyctinomus  minutus  Miller,  see  Elliot,  Check-List  Mamm.  N.  Am. 
Cont.  and  West  Indies,  1905,  p.  500. 

Eight  species  are  recognized  in  this  genus,  but  the  one  described 
by  Miller  as  cited  is  the  only  representative  in  North  America,  and 
until  transferred  by  Miller  (Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1907,  p.  253) 
was  always  included  in  Nyctinomus. 


Genus  Eumops. 

Eumops  Miller,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XIX,  1906,  p.  85.     Type 

Molossus  californicus  Merriam. 

Genus  created  to  contain  the  following  species  of  the  North  Ameri- 
can Fauna. 

Dysopes  abrasus  Temm.,  Mon.  Mamm.,  I,  1827,  p.  232;    Elliot, 

Check-List  Mamm.  N.  Am.  Cont.  and  West  Indies,  1905,  No. 

1193,  p.  497. 
Dysopes  glaucinus  Wagner,  Archiv.  fur  Nat.,  Pt.  i,  1843,  P-  368J 

Elliot,  Check-List  Mamm.  N.  Am.  Cont.  and  West  Indies, 

1905,  No.  1195,  P-  497- 


CHILONYCTERIS.  XENOCTENES.  163 

Molossus  californicus  Merriam,  N.  Am.  Fauna,  1890,  p.  31;  Elliot, 
Check-List  Mamm.  N.  Am.  Cont.  and  West  Indies,  1905,  No. 
1197,  p.  498. 

Promops  nanus  Miller,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  VI,  yth  Ser., 
1900,  p.  470;  Elliot,  Check-List  Mamm.  N.  Am.  Cont.  and 
West  Indies,  1905,  No.  1196,  p.  498. 

Nyctinomus  orthotis  H.  Allen,  Proc.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.,  XXVI,  1889, 
p.  561;  Elliot,  Check-List  Mamm.  N.  Am.  Cont.  and  West 
Indies,  1905,  No.  1194,  p.  497. 

Characters.  "Like  Molossus  but  skull  slender,  with  hour-glass 
shaped  or  nearly  cylindrical  interorbital  region  and  no  distinct  sagit- 
tal crest;  palate  slightly  arched  but  not  domed;  upper  incisor  with 
slender,  curved  shaft  higher  than  length  of  crown;  lower  incisors 
2-2;  upper  premolars,  2-2,  the  small  tooth  (pm2)  normally  well 
formed  and  not  deciduous;  first  and  second  upper  molars  with  well 
developed  hypocone."  (Miller,  /.  c.). 

Species:  E.  abrasus  (Temminck);  E.  californicus  (Merriam); 
E.  nanus  (Miller);  E.  glaucinus  (Wagner);  E.  orthotis  (Allen),  all 
North  American;  E.  maurus  (Thomas);  E.  perotis  (Wied),  and  E. 
trumbulli  (Thomas)  ex  South  America. 


Family  Phyllostomidae. 

Subfamily  Chilonycterinae. 
Genus  Chilonycteris. 

Chilonycteris  parnellii  (Gray). 

Phyllodia  parnellii  Gray,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1843,  P-  5°- 
Type  locality.     Island  of  Jamaica,  West  Indies. 

Subfamily  Phyllostominae. 
Genus  Xenoctenes. 

Xenoctenes  Miller,  Fam.  and  Gen.  of  Bats,  1907,  p.  124.     Type 

Schistoma  hirsutum  Peters. 

A  new  genus  proposed  by  Miller  for  Peters's  species  given  above, 
the  only  member  of  the  genus  known. 

"Externally  similar  to  Micronycteris.,  but  with  connecting  band  of 
ears  very  low.  Skull  and  teeth  as  in  Micronycteris,  except  that  the 
incisors  both  above  and  below  are  notably  peculiar." 


164  DOLICHOPHYLLUM.  MIMON. 


Genus  Dolichophyllum. 

Macrophyllum  Gray,  in  Jard.,  Mag.  Zool.  and  Bot.,  II,  1838,  p.  489 

(nee  Hope,  Coleopt.  1837). 
Dolichophyllum  Lydekker,  Flower  and  Lydekker,  Mamm.  Living 

and    Extinct,    1891,    p.    673.     Type    Macrophyllum   neuwiedii 

Gray. 

Dolichophyllum  macrophyllum  (Wied). 

Phyllostoma  macrophyllum  Wied,  Beitr.  zur  Naturg.  Bras.  II,  1825, 

p.  188. 
Macrophyllum  macrophyllum  Nelson,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXV, 

1912,  p.  93. 

Type  locality.  Mucure  River,  Minas  Geraes,  Brazil  (Ranges  to 
Panama) . 

Genus  Mimon. 

Mimon  Gray,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1847,  p.  I4- 

This  genus  is  accepted  by  Miller  (List  of  N.  Am.  Land  Mammals 
in  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Bull.  Smith.  Inst.,  No.  79,  1912,  p.  37),  for  Phyl- 
lostoma bennettii  Gray,  its  only  known  species. 

This  species  of  Gray  does  not,  however,  come  within  the  bounda- 
ries of  North  America,  but  is  apparently  restricted  to  Brazil,  an  assumed 
typical  example  having  been  procured  at  Ypanema,  Sao  Paulo,  Brazil 
(see  Goldman,  Proc.  Biol,  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII,  1914,  p.  75).  The 
genus,  however,  is  represented  in  North  America  by  the  following 
species: 

Mimon  cozumelae  Goldman. 

Mimon  cozumelce  Goldm.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII,  1914, 

P-  75- 

Type  locality.     Cozumel  Island,  east  coast  of  Yucatan,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.     Similar  to  M.  bennettii  but  paler;   skull  smaller. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  sayal-brown;  underparts  wood- 
brown;  outer  side  of  forearm  covered  with  sayal-brown  fur.  Type 
in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Length  of  forearm,  58;  tibia,  22.3;  foot,  14.9. 
Skull:  Broader  and  more  massive  than  M.  bennettii]  greatest  length, 
26;  zygomatic  width,  14.3;  width  of  palate,  behind  last  molars,  2.8. 
Type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


CHROTOPTERUS.  PHYLLOSTOMA.  165 


Genus  Chrotopterus  (186). 

Chrotopterus  auritus  (Peters). 

Vampyrus  auritus  Peters,  Monatsb.  K.  Preuss.  Akad.  Wiss.  Berlin, 

1856,  p.  415,  pi.  n,  figs.  1-5. 
Peters's  Vampire  Bat. 

Type  locality.     Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Mexico  to  Brazil. 

Genl.  Char.  Smaller  than  C.  spectrum;  ears  large;  outer  incisors 
very  small;  lower  incisors  chisel-shape,  indistinctly  notched;  first 
and  second  upper  premolar  very  small. 

Color.  Above,  hairs  dark  brown  at  their  bases,  and  whitish  at  their 
tips;  beneath  grayish  brown,  the  hairs  darkest  in  the  middle. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  106.6;  ear,  40.6;  tragus,  11.4; 
nose-leaf,  16.4;  forearm,  85;  tibia,  36.2;  foot,  25. 


Genus  Phyllostoma  (191). 

Phyllostoma  verrucossum  Elliot. 

Phyllostoma  verrucossum  Elliot,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XVIII, 
1905,  P-  236. 

Type  locality.     Niltepec,  State  of  Oaxaca,  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  small:  V-shaped  groove  on  lower  lip  margined 
with  eleven  to  thirteen  warts;  ears  as  in  the  genus;  calcar  shorter 
than  foot.  Skull  compared  with  that  of  P.  hastatum  is  relatively 
broader  interorbitally  and  the  rostrum  narrower  anteriorly,  while  the 
upper  occipital  outline  is  continuous. 

Color.  Fore  part  of  head  above  and  face  from  ears  to  end  of  nose 
dark  -fawn  becoming  brownish  around  eyes;  band  from  behind  ears 
and  over  the  center  of  the  back  dark  russet;  back  of  head  and  nape 
very  dark  mummy-brown;  chin,  throat  and  breast  whitish  buff;  rest 
of  underparts  olive-gray  with  a  pinkish  tinge  on  the  sides;  ears,  mem- 
branes, feet  and  tail,  blackish  brown.  In  some  specimens  the  throat 
is  ochraceous-buff.  Ex  type  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  105;  tail  vertebras,  15;  foot,  17.5; 
ear,  20;  forearm,  52.25.  Skull:  Total  length,  32;  Hensel,  22;  zygo- 
matic  width,  17;  palatal  length,  13;  length  of  nasals,  4;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,  7;  length  of  mandible,  20;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  9.  Ex  type  in  Field  Museum  of  Natural  History. 


166  HEMIDERMA.  GLOSSOPHAGA. 

Subfamily  Hemiderminae. 
Genus  Hemiderma. 

Hemiderma  subrufum  Hahn. 

Hemiderma  subrufum  Hahn,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XVIII,  1905, 
p.  247. 

Type  locality.     Southern  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Size  small;  skull  short  with  a  high,  rounded  brain- 
case;  teeth  small,  tooth  rows  divergent. 

Color.  Uniform  dark  reddish  brown  on  entire  upperparts,  hairs 
whitish  at  base,  then  a  buffy  whitish  band  followed  by  a  reddish 
Prout's-brown  one  and  tips  whitish;  underparts  similar  but  duller; 
membranes  brownish,  the  interfemoral  membrane  sparsely  furred  at 
base.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Forearm,  39;  hind  foot,  13;  calcar,  7;  ear  from 
base,  16;  length  of  middle  finger,  30.9.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length, 
19.6;  Hensel,  13.3;  zygomatic  width,  n.6;  intertemporal  width,  5; 
length  of  upper  tooth  row,  7;  length  of  mandible,  13.7;  length  of 
lower  tooth  row,  7.4.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Subfamily  Glossophaginae. 
Genus  Glossophaga  (193). 

Glossophaga  longirostris  rostrata  Miller. 

Glossophaga  rostrata  Miller,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI,  1913,  p. 

32  (July). 

Glossophaga  longirostris  rostrata  Miller,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  46, 
1913,  p.  423  (December). 

Type  locality.     Westerhall  estate,  Grenada,  Lesser  Antilles. 

Genl.  Char.  Resembles  G.  longirostris  Miller-  but  less  dark;  teeth 
different,  m1  and  m2  with  deeper  emargination,  causing  a  sharper  defini- 
tion of  the  posterior-external  prolongation  of  the  crown,  making  the 
general  outline,  bounded  on  outer  side  by  paracone  and  point  of  meta- 
cone,  and  on  inner  side  by  protocone  and  its  commissure,  almost  square. 

Color.  Upperparts  rood's-brown;  base  of  fur  white;  beneath 
paler;  membrane  pale,  almost  a  whitish  brown  where  extended;  feet 
blackish,  ears  pale  rood's-brown.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 


GLOSSOPHAGA.  LONCHOPHYLLA.  167 

Measurements.  Forearm,  37.4;  thumb,  9.6;  third  finger,  82;  tibia, 
15;  fifth  finger,  53;  foot,  10.6.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  21; 
Hensel,  18.2;  zygomatic  width,  10;  intertemporal  width,  4.8;  mas- 
toid  breadth,  9.6;  width  of  braincase,  9;  length  of  upper  molar  series, 
6.5;  length  of  mandible,  14.8;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  7.6.  Ex 
type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Glossophaga  soricina  leachii  (Gray) . 

Monophyllus  leachii  Gray,  Voy.  Sulphur,  I,  1844,  p.  18. 

Glossophaga  leachii  Miller,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  46,  1913,  p.  419. 

Type  locality.     Realejo,  Nicaragua. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Central  Mexico  to  Panama. 

Genl.  Char.     Like  G.  soricina,  but  skull  longer. 

Color.     Like  that  of  G.  soricina. 

1  Measurements.  Total  length,  54,  Tepic,  Mexico  to  62,  Panama; 
tail,  6-1 1 ;  tibia,  13.4-15.6;  foot,  8.4-11.4;  forearm,  33-37.6;  third 
finger,  70.76;  ear,  14-15.4;  Skull:  Condylo-basal  length,  19.8-21; 
breadth  of  rostrum,  4.2-5;  breadth  of  braincase,  8.6-9;  length  of 
mandible,  13.4-14.6;  length  of  upper  tooth  row,  7-7.8;  length  of 
lower  tooth  row,  7.6-8.2. 

This  form  was  placed  among  the  synonyms  of  G.  soricina  in  the 
Check-List;  Miller,  however,  in  a  later  paper  (I.  c.)  has  raised  it  to 
subspecific  rank,  based  solely  on  the  somewhat  longer  skull. 


Genus  Lonchophylla. 

Lonchophylla  Thomas,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  Ser.  7,  XII,  1903, 
p.  458.     Type  Lonchophylla  mordax  Thomas. 

Lonchophylla  robusta  Miller. 

Lonchophylla  robusta  Miller,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  LXII,  1912, 

p.  23. 
Type  locality.     Cave  on  Chilibrillo  River,  Panama. 

Lonchophylla  concava  Goldman. 

Lonchophylla  concava  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LXIII,  1914,  p.  2. 

Type  locality.     Cana,  eastern  Panama.     Altitude  2000  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Darker  than  L.  mordax,  and  cranial  characters  differ- 
ent. Braincase  larger;  angle  of  mandible  longer;  incisors  larger; 
second  upper  premolar  narrower,  internal  lobe  reduced;  crows  of 
molar  more  quadrate. 


From  Miller's  Revision  of  the  Genus  Glossophaga. 


168  CH,ERONYCTERIS.  BRACHYPHYLLA.  ARTIBEUS. 

Color.  Upperparts  warm  sepia;  underparts  paler;  membranes 
black.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum, 

Measurements.  Total  length,  68;  tail,  10;  tibia,  12.7;  foot,  n; 
forearm,  33.9.  Skull:  Greatest  length,  23.4;  Hensel,  19.5;  inter- 
temporal  width,  4.6;  palatal  length,  12;  length  of  nasals,  5.7;  length 
of  upper  molar  series,  6.3;  length  of  mandible,  16.8;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  7.1.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Genus  Chseronycteris. 

Chaeronycteris  godmani  Thomas. 

Cheer onycteris  godmani  Thos.,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  7th  Ser., 

XI,  1903,  p.  288. 
Type  locality.     Guatemala. 


Subfamily  Sternoderminae. 
Genus  Brachyphylla  (202). 

Brachyphylla  minor  Miller. 

Brachyphylla  minor  Miller,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI,  1913, 
p.  32. 

Type  locality.  Coles  Cave,  St.  Thomas  Parish,  Barbados,  Lesser 
Antilles. 

Genl.  Char.  Like  B.  cavernarum  Gray,  but  skull  smaller  and  area 
of  check-teeth  reduced. 

Color. 

Measurements.  Length  of  head  and  body,  78;  forearm,  61.5; 
thumb,  15;  third  finger,  105;  fifth  finger,  80;  tibia,  25;  foot,  17. 
Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  26.2;  Hensel,  22;  zygomatic  width,  16; 
intertemporal  width,  6.2;  breadth  of  braincase,  12;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  8.4;  length  of  mandible,  19.8;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  9.6.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Genus  Artibeus  (203). 

Artibeus  jamaicensis  richardsoni  Allen. 

Artibeus  jamaicensis  richardsoni  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 

XXIV,  1908,  p.  669. 
Type  locality.     Matagalpa,  Nicaragua. 


ARTIBEUS.  169 

Color.  Above  on  entire  upperparts  Prout's-brown;  beneath  gray- 
ish brown;  membranes  dark  brown.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum 
of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  87  (skin);  forearm,  53.3;  meta- 
carpal,  50;  tibia,  20.  Skull:  Total  length,  29;  Hensel,  21.6;  zygo- 
matic  width,  17;  intertemporal  width,  7.4;  length  of  nasals,  5.3; 
mastoid  width,  15;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  8.7;  length  of  man- 
dible, 18.7;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  9.3.  Ex  type  in  American 
Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Artibeus  jamaicensis  praeceps  Andersen. 

Artibeus  j amaicensis  prceceps  Andersen,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist., 

7th  Ser.,  XVIII,  1906,  p.  421. 
Type  locality.     Guadeloupe  Island,  Lesser  Antilles. 
Geogr.  Dist.     Islands  of  Guadeloupe  and  Dominica. 

Artibeus  aztecus  Andersen. 

Artibeus  aztecus  Andersen,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  7th  Ser., 
XVIII,  1906,  p.  422. 

Type  locality.     Tetela  del  Volcan,  State  of  Morelos,  Mexico. 

Color.  Head  and  upperparts  blackish  brown;  beneath  olive-brown, 
feet  dark  brown;  ears  and  membranes  blackish.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Skull:  Total  length,  22.3;  occipito-nasal  length, 
19.8;  palatal  length,  10.1;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  6.3;  length  of 
mandible,  14.1;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  6.2.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Artibeus  turpis  Andersen. 

Artibeus  turpis  Andersen,  Ann.  and  Mag.   Nat.   Hist.,   7th  Ser., 

XVIII,  1906,  p.  422. 
Type  locality.     Teapa,  Tabasco,  Mexico. 

Artibeus  nanus  Andersen. 

Artibeus  nanus  Andersen,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  7th  Ser., 
XVIII,  1906,  p.  423. 

Type  locality.  Tierra  Colorado,  Sierra  Madre  de  Sur,  Guerrero, 
Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Guerrero  north  of  Sinaloa. 

Artibeus  planirostris  grenadensis  Andersen. 

Artibeus  planirostris  grenadensis  Andersen,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat. 

Hist.,  7th  Ser.,  XVIII,  1906,  p.  420. 
Type  locality.     Grenada,  Lesser  Antilles. 


170  ARTIBEUS.  VAMPYRODES.  VAMPYRESSA. 

Artibeus  hirsutus  Andersen. 

Artibeus  hirsutus  Andersen,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  yth  Ser., 
XVIII,  1906,  p.  420. 

Type  locality.     La  Salada,  State  of  Michoacan,  Mexico. 

Geogr.  Distr.     States  of  Michoacan,  Colima,  and  Jalisco,  Mexico. 

Color.  Top  of  head  and  back  sepial  sides  of  neck  pale  buffy 
brown;  underparts  ashy;  legs  and  feet  pale  brown.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Skull:  Total  length,  26.8;  occipito-nasal  length, 
23.9;  zygomatic  width,  16.7;  intertemporal  width,  7.2;  length  of 
upper  molar  series,  8.6;  length  of  mandible,  17.3;  length  of  lower 
molar  series,  8.5.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


1  Genus  Vampyrodes. 

Vampyrodes  Thomas,  Ann.  and  Mag,  Nat.  Hist.,  7th  Ser.,  V,  1900, 
p.  270.     Type  Vampyrodes  caracciola. 

Vampyrodes  major  G.  M.  Allen. 

Vampyrodes  major  G.  M.  Allen,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  LII,  1908, 

p.  38. 
Type  locality.     San  Pablo,  Panama. 


Genus  2Vampyressa. 

Vampyressa  Thomas,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  7th  Ser.,  V,  1900, 
p.  270.     Type  Phyllostoma  pusillum  Wagner. 

Vampyressa  minuta  Miller. 

Vampyressa  minuta  Miller,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  42,  1912,  p.  25. 

Type  locality.     Cabima,  Panama. 

Genl.  Char.  Smaller  than  V.  pusilla  Peters;  teeth  peculiar,  last 
upper  premolar  with  postero-external  cusp  less  developed;  first  upper 
molar  with  longitudinal  diameter  through  protocone  about  equal  to 
length  of  outer  border. 

Color.  General  character  of  body  above  and  beneath  ecru-drab, 
washed  with  broccoli-brown  on  upperparts;  face  markings  indistinct. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.     Total  length,  44;    tibia,   n;    foot,   7.5;    forearm, 

1  Placed  as  a  synonym  of  Vampyrops  in  Check-List,  p.  525. 
*  Placed  as  a  synonym  of  Vampyrops  in  Check- List,  p.  525. 


CHIRODERMA.  ARDOPS.  171 

31.5;  third  finger,  70;  fifth  finger,  46;  ear  from  meatus,  12.  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  18;  Hensel,  13.1;  zygomatic  width,  10:  inter- 
temporal  width,  9.2;  width  of  braincase,  8;  length  of  upper  tooth  row, 
5.6;  length  of  mandible,  11.2;  length  of  lower  tooth  row,  6.  Ex  type 
in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Genus  Chiroderma  (210). 

Chiroderma  isthmicum  Miller. 

Chiroderma  isthmicum  Miller,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  42,  1912, 
p.  25.* 

Type  locality.     Cabima,  Panama. 

Gent.  Char.  Similar  to  C.  mllosum  Peters;  ear  narrower  with  me- 
dium stripe ;  skull  shorter  and  wider. 

Color.  Upperparts  Isabella  color;  hairs  broccoli-brown  on  basal 
third,  remainder  light  gray  washed  with  ochraceous-bufl,  and  tips 
brown;  an  inconspicuous  white  dorsal  line;  underparts  ecru-drab 
variegated  with  brown  spots  and  subterminal  rings.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  65;  tibia,  17;  foot,  10.4;  forearm, 
45;  thumb,  10.5;  longest  finger,  99;  fifth  finger,  70;  ear  from  meatus 
18.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  24.6;  zygomatic  width,  15.6;  inter- 
temporal  width,  6.2;  width  of  braincase,  10.4;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  8.8;  length  of  mandible,  8.8;  length  of  lower  tooth  row,  9.2. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Genus  Ardops. 

Ardops  Miller,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XIX,  1906,  p.  84.     Type 
Stenoderma  nichollsi  Thomas. 

Ardops  haitiensis  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  XXIV,  1908, 
p.  581. 

Type  locality.     Cana  Honda,  San  Domingo. 

Color.  Entire  upperparts  grayish  brown;  underparts  whitish 
brown;  membranes  dark  brown.  Ex  type  in  American  Museum  of 
Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  54.5;  forearm,  39;  second  finger,  34; 
third  finger,  80;  thumb,  12;  tibia,  15.5.  Skull:  Total  length,  19; 
Hensel,  13.6;  intertemporal  width,  5.4;  length  of  upper  molar  series, 


172  ARDOPS.  ARITEUS. 

4.6;  length  of  mandible,  10.8;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  5.2.     Ex 
type  in  American  Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Ardops  annectens  Miller. 

Ardops  annectens  Miller,  Proc.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVI,  1913,  p.  33. 

Type  locality.     Island  of  Guadaloupe,  Lesser  Antilles. 

Genl.  Char.  Intermediate  in  size  between  A.  montserratensis 
Thomas  and  A.  lucia  Miller. 

Measurements.  Length  of  head  and  body,  68;  forearm,  48.6; 
thumb,  15.4;  third  finger,  114;  fifth  finger,  78;  tibia,  20;  foot,  14.6; 
ear  from  meatus,  18.  Skull:  Occipito-nasal  length,  22;  Hensel,  16.9; 
zygomatic  width,  15.4;  intertemporal  width,  6.1;  mastoid  width,  13.2; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  6.1;  length  of  mandible,  14.6;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  6.7.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Genus  Ariteus  Gray. 

Ariteus  Gray,  Mag.  Zool.  Bot.,II,  1838,  p.  491.  Type  Istiophorus 
flavescens  Gray. 

Ariteus  flavescens  (Gray). 

Istiophorus  flavescens  Gray,  Zool.  Misc.,  1831,  p.  37. 
Ariteus  flavescens  Gray,  Mag.  Zool.  Bot.,  II,  1838,  p.  491. 
Artibeus  achradophilus  Gosse,  Nat.  Sojourn  in  Jamaica,  1851,  p. 

271,  pi.  vi. 

Stenoderma  achradophilum  Elliot,  Mamm.  Middle  Am.  and  W. 
Indies,  F.  C.  M.  Pub.,  IV,  Pt.  II,  1904,  p.  707,  fig.  156,  Zool. 
Ser. ;  Id.  Check-List  Mamm.  N.  Am.  Cont.  and  West  Indies, 
F.  C.  M.  Pub.,  1905,  p.  527,  Zool.  Ser. 

Ariteus  Gray,  takes  precedence  for  this  species  over  Stenoderma 
Geoffroy,  which  is  now  considered  to  be  represented  only  by  the  type 
S.  rufum  Geoffroy.  The  species  included  in  the  genus  Stenoderma  in 
the  Check-List  are  now  placed  in  the  following  genera:  S.  acradophyl- 
lum  in  Ariteus  as  a  synonym  of  A.  flavescens  Gray  as  given  above, 
lucia,  nichollsi  and  montserratensis  in  Ardops,  and  tolteca  1  in  Artibeus; 
leaving  only  rufum  to  represent  Stenoderma. 

1  This  in  the  Check-List  was  made  a  synonym  of  Dermanura  cinereum  Gervais. 


EROPHYLLA.  173 


Subfamily  Phyllonycterinae. 
Genus  Erophylla. 

Erophylla  Miller,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XIX,  1906,  p.  84.  Type 
Phyllonycteris  bombifrons  Miller. 

Genl.  Char.  "Like  Phyllonycteris  but  interfemoral  membrane 
extending  to  short,  though  evident,  calcar;  noseleaf  with  pointed, 
median  projection;  zygomatic  arches  complete;  and  lower  molars 
with  distinct  cutting  edge." 

The  species  included  in  this  genus  by  Miller  are  E.  bombifrons 
(Miller),  E.  planifrons  (Miller),  E.  santa-cristobalensis  (Elliot)  and 
E.  sezekorni  (Gundlach). 

Erophylla  santa-cristobalensis  (Elliot). 

Phyllonycteris  santa-cristobalensis  Elliot,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash., 
XVIII,  1905,  p.  236. 

Type  locality.     San  Cristobal,  San  Domingo,  W.  I. 

Geogr.  Distr.     Known  only  from  type-locality. 

Genl.  Char.  Ear  long,  rather  narrow,  tip  rounded;  tragus  broad, 
with  elongated  acute  tip;  nose-leaf  small  separated  from  ridge  behind 
by  a  deep  groove;  wings  from  above  ankle;  toes  very  long.  Skull 
with  elevated,  arched  braincase,  high  above  rostrum;  the  latter  broad, 
swollen;  zygomatic  arch  complete;  canines  rather  large,  molars  small; 
palate  broad. 

Color.  Above  Vandyke-brown  at  tips,  rest  of  hairs  white;  be- 
neath pinkish  buff;  ears  brown;  wings  black.  Ex  type  in  Field 
Museum  of  Natural  History. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  nose  to  end  of  foot,  89;  forearm,  45; 
thumb,  13;  fifth  finger,  57;  tibia,  20;  foot,  14.5  (skin).  Skull: 
Occipito-nasal  length,  21;  total  length,  23;  zygomatic  width,  n; 
height  of  braincase,  10;  length  of  nasals,  7;  width  of  rostrum,  5; 
palatal  length,  10;  width  of  palate,  4;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  7; 
length  of  mandible,  15. 


Order  Primates. 
Family  Cebidae.    Prehensile-tailed  Monkeys. 

Subfamily  Alouattinae. 
Genus  Alouatta  (217). 

Alouatta  palliata  inconsonans  Goldman. 

Alouatta  palliata  inconsonans  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LX,  1913, 
No.  22,  p.  17. 

Type  locality.  Cerro  Azul,  near  the  headwaters  of  the  Chagres 
River,  Panama.  Altitude  2500  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  Alouatta  palliata  but  blacker,  and  with  less 
rufous  on  upperparts;  skull  with  braincase  broader,  flatter  bullae  and 
narrower  premolars. 

Color.  Upperparts  black;  dorsum  black  mixed  finely  with  buff; 
chin  and  limbs  black;  underparts  thinly  haired,  black;  long  hairs 
from  flanks  brownish  ochraceous;  tail  black.  Ex  type  in  United 
States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  1.272;  tail,  715;  foot,  143.  Skull: 
Greatest  length,  123.5;  Hensel,  94.6;  zygomatic  width,  87.2;  inter- 
temporal  width,  12.2;  length  of  nasals,  21.8;  palatal  length,  46.8; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  32.2;  length  of  mandible,  76;  length  of 
lower  molar  series,  40;  width  of  third  upper  premolar  (crown),  7.7. 
Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 


Subfamily  Aotinae. 
Genus  Aotus  (218). 

Aotus  zonalis  Goldman. 

Aotus  zonalis  Goldm.,  Smith.  Misc.  Coll.,  LXIII,  1914,  p.  6. 

Type  locality.     Gatun,  Canal  Zone,  Panama.     Altitude  100  feet. 

Genl.  Char.  Like  A.  griseimembra  but  not  so  gray;  more  buffy, 
carnail  and  dental  characters  different.  Skull  with  broader  braincase; 
intertemporal  region  more  depressed;  zygomatic  arch  heavier;  bullse 
less  inflated;  mandible  and  teeth  heavier. 

Color.     Upperparts  and  limbs  wood-brown,  suffused  with  buffy, 

174 


ATELEUS.  175 

the  median  dorsal  region  overlaid  with  russet  and  black;  a  median 
black  line  from  between  eyes  to  crown;  narrow  black  lateral  lines  to 
occiput;  white  spots  above  eyes;  sides  of  neck  grayish;  underparts 
pale  ochraceous-buff;  tail  like  upperparts  above  at  base,  root  black; 
beneath  chestnut  on  proximal  third,  remainder  black;  hands  and  feet 
black.  Ex  type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  683;  tail,  400;  foot,  90.  Skull: 
Greatest  length,  60.9;  Hensel,  39.8;  zygomatic  breadth,  37.5;  inter- 
temporal  width,  5.2;  mastoid  width.,  33.8;  length  of  nasals,  10;  pal- 
atal length,  31.5;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  14.8;  length  of 
mandible,  37.3;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  15.8.  Ex  type  in 
United  States  National  Museum. 


Subfamily  Cebinae. 

Genus  Ateleus. 

Ateleus  pan  Schlegel. 

Ateles   (!)   pan  Schlegel,  Mus.   Hist.   Nat.  Pays-Bas    (Simia)    7, 
1876,  p.  180. 

Ateleus  pan  Elliot,  Rev.  Primates,  II,  1913,  p.  41. 
Schlegel's  Spider  Monkey. 

Type  locality.     Coban,  Guatemala. 

Geogr.  Distr.  Volcano  of  Orizaba,  State  of  Vera  Cruz,  into  Guate- 
mala. 

Genl.  Char.  Similar  to  A.  belzebuth,  but  the  yellowish  white  on 
inner  side  of  arms  and  legs  very  restricted;  no  white  on  the  cheeks. 

•Color.  Face  black;  head,  shoulders,  arms,  hands,  legs  and  feet 
black  or  blackish  brown;  rump  brown,  hairs  tipped  with  shining 
golden;  underparts  yellow;  reddish  line  on  border  of  flanks;  inner 
side  of  arms  to  elbows  and  legs  to  ankles  yellowish  white ;  tail  brownish 
black.  Ex  type  in  Ley  den  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  1.120;  tail,  700;  foot,  150.  Skull: 
Total  length,  1.022;  interorbital  width,  57.1;  occipito-nasal  length, 
99.3;  Hensel,  66;  zygomatic  width,  63.5;  median  length  of  nasals, 
15.4;  palatal  length,  27.6;  length  of  upper  molar  series,  24.3;  length  of 
mandible,  60;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  27.4.  Ex  type  in  Leyden 
Museum. 

Ateleus  tricolor  Hollister. 

Ateles  (!)  tricolor  Hollister,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII,  1914, 
p.  141. 


176  SAIMIRI.  CEBUS. 

Type  locality.     Santa  Efigenia,  State  of  Oaxaca,  Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  Differs  from  A.  pan,  in  its  lighter  upper  back  and 
shoulders;  in  the  yellowish  buff  rump  and  flanks,  buffy  throat,  and 
yellowish  buff  stripe  on  under  side  of  tail.  Skull  like  A.  pan;  upper 
and  middle  incisor  teeth  larger. 

Color.  Forehead,  crown  and  nape  black;  sides  of  head  mixed  buff 
and  black;  upperpart  of  back  with  long  hairs  dark  bistre;  lower  back, 
rump,  flanks  and  hips  yellowish  buff;  chin  buff  and  black;  throat  and 
underparts  pale  yellowish  buff;  upper  arms  brownish  black;  forearms 
black;  outer  side  of  thighs  clay-color,  passing  through  brow  to  black 
above  knee;  rest  of  leg  to  foot  black;  inner  side  of  legs  yellowish  buff; 
tail  above  at  base  blackish  brown  becoming  black  at  tip,  beneath  a 
stripe  of  yellowish  buff  from  root  for  one-third  the  length,  rest  black; 
hands  and  feet  black.  Type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  1150;  tail,  710.  Skull:  Total  length, 
109;  occipito-nasal  length,  95.6;  zygomatic  width,  64.1;  palatal 
length,  31.9;  breadth  of  braincase,  54.8;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  25.4;  length  of  mandible,  63.4;  length  of  lower  molar  series, 
27.2.  Type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Genus  Saimiri  (219). 

Saimiri  oersted!  citrinellus  Thomas  =  S.  oerstedi. 

Saimiri  cerstedi  citrinellus  Thos.,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  7th 
Ser.,  XIII,  1904,  p.  250. 

Type  locality.     Pozo  Azul,  Pirris,  Costa  Rica. 

Genl.  Char.     Head  less  blackened,  limbs  less  yellow. 

Color.  Back  orange;  shoulder  blades  grayish;  belly  yellowish 
white;  groin  and  inner  side  of  thighs  whitish;  crown  of  head  gray 
with  tips  of  hairs  blackish;  arms  to  wrists,  and  legs  from  thighs  griz- 
zled grayish  tinged  with  yellowish;  hands  paler  orange  than  in  S. 
oerstedi;  feet  edged  with  orange,  middle  of  metatarsus  grizzled  grayish 
as  is  also  the  proximal  end  of  tail. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  765;  -tail,  415;  hind  foot,  90. 
Skull:  Greatest  length,  651;  breadth  of  braincase,  36. 

Genus  Cebus  (221). 

Cebus  capucinus  limitaneus  Hollister. 

Cebus  capucinus  limitaneus  Hollister,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXVII, 

1914,  p.  105. 
Type  locality.     Segovia  River,  eastern  Honduras. 


LASIOPYGA.  177 

Color.  Crown  of  head,  neck  above,  entire  upperparts  of  body, 
forearms,  legs  and  tail  black;  inner  side  of  legs,  and  area  on  knees 
grizzly ;  entire  rest  of  head  and  body,  and  upper  side  of  arms  beyond 
elbow-  cream  color.  Type  in  United  States  National  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  830;  tail,  400.  Skull:  Greatest 
length,  94;  zygomatic  width,  64.2;  Type  in  United  States  National 
Museum. 


Family  Lasiopygidae. 

Subfamily  Lasiopyginae. 
Genus  Lasiopyga. 

Lasiopyga  mona  (Schreber). 

Simla  mona  Schreb.,  Saugth.,  I,  1775,  p.  97,  pi.  xv. 

Cercopithecus  mona  Erxl.,  Syst.  Reg.  Anim.,  1777,  p.  30. 

Lasiopyga  mona  Hollister,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XXV,  1912,  p.  93; 
Elliot,  Rev.  Primates,  II,  1913,  p.  350,  pi.  xxxv. 

Mona  guenon  Elliot,  Rev.  Primates,  II,  1913,  p.  350. 

Type  locality.     "Barbary." 

Geogr.  Distr.  Island  of  Grenada,  West  Indies  (introduced); 
St.  Kitts  (?);  Jebba,  River  Niger;  Bankana,  southern  Nigeria;  Gold 
Coast  to  Cameroon,  West  Africa. 

Color.  Long,  upright  white  hairs  across  forehead  forming  a  band 
extending  upward  on  head;  at  its  base  a  narrow  line  of  black;  top 
of  head  speckled  yellow  and  black,  this  coloring  extending  downward 
on  to  hind  neck;  entire  upperparts  and  sides  of  body  speckled  rusty 
red  and  black,  darkest  on  lower  back;  cheeks  and  sides  of  head,  hairs 
long,  gray,  ringed  on  apical  portion  with  yellow  and  black;  outer  side 
of  arms  and  hands  black;  outer  side  of  legs  black,  speckled  with 
minute  red  spots;  feet  black;  chin,  throat,  entire  underparts  and  inner 
side  of  limbs  grayish  white;  conspicuous  patch  beneath  tail  to  hips 
snow  white;  tail  above,  basal  third  speckled  red  and  black,  yellowish 
gray  beneath,  remainder  black;  ear-tufts  long,  speckled  with  greenish 
yellow. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  1.295;  tail,  785;  foot,  ±45.'  Skull: 
Total  length,  93.7;  occipito-nasal  length,  77.9;  intertemporal  width, 
39.1;  Hensel,  60.5;  zygomatic  width,  59.7;  breadth  of  braincase,  52.7; 
median  length  of  nasals,  13.6;  palatal  length,  32.2;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  23.2;  length  of  mandible,  59.2;  length  of  lower  molar 
series,  30. 


178  LASIOPYGA. 

Lasiopyga  callitrichus  (I.  Geoffrey). 

Simla  sab&us  (nee  Linn.,  sed  Auct.). 

Cercopithecus  callitrichus  I.  Geoff.,  Cat.  Primates,  1851,  p.  23; 
Reichenb.,  Vollstand  Naturg.  Affen.,  1862,  p.  115,  fig.  288; 
Schlegel,  Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  Pays-Bas  (Simias),  1876,  p.  73; 
Sclater,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.,  1893,  p.  248;  Forbes,  Handb. 
Primates,  II,  1894,  p.  58. 

Cercopithecus  sabceus  (nee  Linn.),  Pocock,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond., 
1907,  p.  726,  pi.  xlii,  fig.  i. 

Lasiopyga  callitrichus  Elliot,  Rev.  Primates,  II,  1913,  p.  333,  pi. 

xxxiv  (skull). 
Green  Guenon. 

Type  locality.     Unknown.     Type  in  Paris  Museum  (?). 

Geogr.  Distr.  Senegambia  to  the  Niger,  Yabanda,  Congo  (Dy- 
boski);  West  Africa;  Island  of  St.  Kitts;  West  Indies  (introduced). 

Genl.  Char.  No  white  brow-band;  hairs  on  cheeks  radiating  from  a 
point. 

Color.  Face  and  ears  black;  top  of  head,  upperparts  of  body, 
flanks  and  limbs  to  elbows  and  knees  yellowish  green,  the  hairs  gray 
at  base  and  ringed  with  black  and  yellow;  forearms  and  legs  from  knee 
gray;  hairs  ringed  with  white  or  yellowish  white  and  black;  cheeks, 
sides  of  neck  in  front  of  ears,  chin,  throat,  and  underparts,  and  inner 
side  of  limbs  white;  hands  and  feet  blackish  gray;  tail  grayish  green 
for  two-thirds  the  length,  the  hairs  brownish  black  ringed  with  yellow, 
and  tipped  with  yellowish,  remainder  yellow.  Ex  I.  Geoffrey's  sup- 
posed type  in  Paris  Museum. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  1.308;  tail,  762;  foot,  152.4. 
Skull:  Total  length,  1 1 7 ;  occipito-nasal  length,  92;  Hensel,  88;  zygo- 
matic  width,  79;  intertemporal  width,  42;  palatal  length,  52;  breadth 
of  braincase,  54;  median  length  of  nasals,  17;  length  of  upper  molar 
series,  29;  length  of  mandible,  80;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  37. 


INDEX. 


abbreviata,  Neotoma,  71. 
abrasus,  Dysopes,  162. 
achradophilum,  Stenoderma,   172. 
achradophilus,  Artibeus,  172. 
admiraltiae,  Microtus,  75. 
adocetus,  Microtus  oregoni,  79. 
Agoutidse,  107. 
Agouti  paca  nelsoni,  108. 
agrestis,  Thomomys  talpoides,   84. 
Akodon  irazu,  68. 

teguina  apricus,  67. 

xerampelinus,  68. 
alactaga,  Cuniculus,  108. 
albatus,  Ochotona,  no. 
albatus,   Thomomys,   84. 
albescens,   Felis,    124. 
albescens,  Felis  pardalis,  124. 
albifrons,  Peromyscus  polionotus,  52. 
albiventer,  Noctilio,  160. 
Alces,  13. 

americanus  shirasi,  13. 

columbae,  13. 
alexandrae,  Ursus,  129. 
alexandrinus,  Epinomys,  42. 
alfari,  Sciurus,  22. 

algidus,  Peromyscus  maniculatus,  50. 
alleni,  Baeodon,  158. 
alleni,  Reithrodontomys,  67. 
alleni,   Rhithrodontomys,   67. 
alleni,  Rhogeessa,  158. 
Alouatta,    1 74. 

palliata  inconsonans,  174. 
Alouattinae,  1 74. 
altifrons,  Myotis,   155. 
americanus,   Oreamnos  americanus,   16. 
ammophilus,    Perognathus    penicillatus, 

96. 
Ammospermophilus,  28. 

leucurus  insularis,  28. 
amcenus,  Rhithrodontomys,  65. 
amoles,  Reithrodontomys,  65. 
amoles,  Rhithrodontomys,  65. 
angustifrons,  Spilogale,  137. 
animosus,  Eutamias  quadrivittatus,  27. 
annalium,  Sciurus  boothiae,  21. 


annectens,   Ardops,    172. 
Antilocapra,  15. 

americana    peninsularis,    15. 
Antilocapridae,  15. 
antiquus,  Lutreola  vison,   140. 
Aotinae,  174. 
Aotus,  174. 

zonalis,  174. 
apache,  Thomomys,  86. 
apricus,  Akodon  teguina,  67. 
apricus,  Scotinomys  teguina,  67. 
arcticus,  Hesperomys  leucopus,  48. 
arcticus,   Peromyscus  texensis,   48. 
Ardops,  171. 

annectens,  172. 

haitiensis,  171. 

arenarius,  Peromyscus  subgriseus,  52. 
argentatus,  Peromyscus  maniculatus,  48. 
aridulus,  Peromyscus  leucopus,  53. 
Ariteus,  172. 

flavescens,  172. 
arizonensis,  Callospermophilus  lateralis, 

30. 

arizonensis,  Citellus  lateralis,  30. 
armatus,  Loncheres,  104. 
artemisias,   Citellus  mollis,   31. 
artemisiae,  Microtus  (Lagurus)  curtatus, 

78. 
Artibeus,  168. 

achradophilus,  172. 

aztecus,  169. 

hirsutus,  170. 

jamaicensis  prasceps,  169. 

jamaicensis  richardsoni,    168. 

nanus,  169. 

planirostris  grenadensis,    169. 

turpis,  169. 

arundivaga,  Felis,  123. 
Arvicola  austerus,  76. 

borealis,   81. 

(Pedomys)    cinnamomea,    76. 
asiaticus,  Sciurus  striatus,  23. 
Ateles  pan,  175. 

tricolor,  175. 
Ateleus,  175. 


180 


INDEX. 


Ateleus  pan,  175. 
tricolor,  175. 

athabascae,  Evotomys  gapperi,  74. 
atristriatus,  Eutamias,  26. 
atrogriseus,  Thomomys  nevadensis,  89. 
audax,  Mustela,  139. 
audax,  Putorius,  139. 
auritus,  Chrotopterus,  165. 
auritus,  Vampyrus,  165. 
austerus,  Arvicola,  76. 
austerus,  Microtus,  76. 
austratis,  Zapus  luteus,  104. 
avius,  Peromyscus  eremicus,  45. 
awahnee,  Thomomys  alpinus,  86. 
aztecus,  Artibeus,  169. 
aztecus,  Philander  laniger,  5. 

Baeodon,  158. 

alleni,  158. 
baileyi,  Myotis,  154. 
Baiomys,  44. 
Baiosciurus,  19. 
Balantiopteryx,  159. 

io,  159- 

baliolus,   Peromyscus   subgriseus,   52. 
Bassaricyon,  131. 

richardsoni,  131. 
Bassariscus,  130. 

astutus  insulicola,  130. 

astutus  nevadensis,    131. 

astutus  palmarius,  130. 
bennettii,  Lepus,  122. 
bennettii,   Lepus  californicus,    122. 
bennettii,  Phyllostoma,  164. 
bernardinus,  Microtus  mordax,  77. 
bistriata,  Isothrix,   106. 
Blarina,  148. 

brevicauda  talpoides,  148. 

olivaceus,  149. 

bombifrons,  Phyllonycteris,  173. 
bombycinus,  Oryzomys,  58. 
bombycinus,  Perognathus,  95. 
borealis,  Arvicola,  81. 
borealis,  Peromyscus  maniculatus,  48. 
borealis,  Synaptomys,  81. 
Bovidae,  1 6. 
Brachyphylla,  168. 

minor,  168. 

brachyura,  Didelphys,  4. 
Bradipodidae,  8. 
Bradypus,  8. 

ignavus,  8. 


breviauritus,  Onychomys  leucogaster,  43. 
bullatus,  Synaptomys  (Mictomys),  81. 
bullatus,  Thomomys  talpoides,  84. 

cacodemus,  Eutamias  pallidus,  25. 
caecator,  Castor,  41. 
calif orniana,  Ovis  cervina,  16. 
calif ornianus,  Ovis,  16. 
californicus,  Molossus,  162,  163. 
californicus,  Procyon  lotor,  134. 
californicus,  Scalops,  152. 
californicus,  Scapanus,  152. 
callitrichus,  Cercopithecus,  178. 
callitrichus,  Lasiopyga,  178. 
Callospermophilus,  29. 

lateralis  arizonensis,  30. 

trepidus,  29. 

campestris,  Mustela,   141. 
cancrivorus,  Ursus,  135. 
Canidae,  125. 
Canis,  125. 

floridanus,  126. 

gigas,  125. 

jamesi,  125. 

lycaon,  125. 

nebrascensis  texensis,  126. 

tundrarum,  125. 
canus,  Thomomys,  87. 
capitaneus,   Myotis,    156. 
capitulatus,  Onychomys  leucogaster,  42. 
Capromyinae,  106. 
Capromys,  106. 

pilorides  relictus,  106. 
caracciolae,  Vampyrodes,  170. 
carissima,  Myotis,  154. 
carmeni,  Peromyscus  eremicus,  46. 
Carnivora,  123. 
carrikeri,  Oryzomys,  59. 
caryi,  Eutamias  minimus,  27. 
caryi,  Scalopus  aquaticus,  150. 
caryi,  Thomomys  talpoides,  84. 
cascadensis,  Lepus  bairdi,  122. 
cascadensis,  Marmota  caligata,  38. 
Castor,  39-41. 

caecator,  41. 

canadensis  leucodontus,  40. 

canadensis  mexicanus,  40. 

canadensis  michiganensis,  40. 

canadensis  phaeus,  39. 

canadensis  texensis,  39. 

subauratus,  39. 
Castoridae,  39. 


INDEX. 


181 


Cebidas,  174. 
Cebinse,  175. 
Cebus,  176. 

capucinus  limitaneus,  176. 
cedrophilus,  Sylvilagus  auduboni,  116. 
Cetacea,  10. 

centralis,  Centronycteris,  160. 
centralis,  Philander,  4. 
centralis,  Saccopteryx  bilineata,   158. 
Centronycteris,  160. 

centralis,  160. 
Cercopithecus  callitrichus,    178. 

mona,  177. 

sabeeus,  178. 
Cervidae,  n. 
Cervinag,  u. 
Cervus  rufus,  14. 

tarandus,  12. 
Chaeronycteris,  168. 

godmani,  168. 
Chaetodipus,  96. 

chamula,  Neotoma  ferruginea,  71. 
chiapensis,  Dasyprocta  punctata,  107. 
chiapensis,  Reithrodontomys  fulvescens, 

66. 
chiapensis,  Rhithrodontomys  fulvescens, 

66. 

Chilonycterinae,  163. 
Chilonycteris,  163. 

parnelli,  1:63. 
Chilotus,  79. 

chiriquensis,  Odocoileus  rothschildi,  13. 
chiriquensis,  Odontoccelus  rothschildi,  13. 
Chiroderma,  171. 

isthmicum,  171. 
Chironectes,  i. 

panamensis,  I. 
Chiroptera,  154. 
choco,  Sciurus  variabilis,  19. 
Chrotopterus,  165. 

auritus,  165. 

chrysomelas,  Neotoma,  73. 
chrysomelas,  Zygodontomys,  61. 
chrysonotus,  Thomomys,  87. 
cinereus,  Eutamias  cinereicollis,  26. 
cinereus,  Sorex,  148. 
cinnamomea,    Arvicola    (Pedomys),    76. 
cinnamomea,  Ochotona,  in. 
cinnamomina,  Ondatra  zibethica,  80. 
Citellus,  28. 

canus  vigilis,  31. 

idahoensis,  30. 


Citellus  lateralis  arizonensis,  30. 

lateralis  tescorum,   29. 

leucurus  insularis,  28. 

leurodon,  31. 

mollis  artemisiae,  31. 

mollis  pessimus,  32. 

mollis  washoensis,  32. 

trepidus,  29. 

tridecemlineatus  hollisteri,  28. 

variegatus  juglans,  33. 
citrinellus,  Saimiri  cerstedi,  176. 
clarus,  Onychomys  to  nidus,  42. 
dementis,  Peromyscus  maniculatus,  51. 
dementis,  Peromyscus  texanus,  51. 
cognatus,   Sylvilagus,   115. 
Colobotis,  30. 
columbae,  Alces,  13. 
columbiae,  Oreamnos  americanus,   16. 
columbianus,  Oreamnos  montanus,  16. 
concava,  Lonchophylla,  167. 
Conepatus,   136. 

mesoleucus  telmalestes,  137. 

nicaraguae,  136. 

tropicalis  trichurus,    137. 
conscius,  Heteromys  australis,  100. 
copei,   Perognathus  flavescens,   95. 
coronarius,  Microtus,  78. 
costaricensis,  Mustela,  139. 
cowani,  Ovis,  18. 
cozumelae,  Mimon,   164. 
crassidens,  Procyon  lotor,  133. 
crassirostris,    Heteromys,    100. 
cratodon,  Dipodomys  spectabilis,  92. 
Cricetinae,  42. 
Cryptotis,  148. 

frontalis,  149. 

gracilis,  148. 

merus,  149. 

olivaceus,  149. 

pergracilis  macer,  148. 
cunicularius,  Lepus,  114. 
cunicularius,  Sylvilagus,  114. 
Cuniculus,  1 08. 

alactaga,  108. 

cauda  longissima,  108. 

paca,  1 08. 

paca  nelsoni,  108. 

dariensis,  Dasyprocta  punctata,   107. 
dariensis,  Macrogeomys,  83. 
darlingi,  Isothrix,  106. 
Dasypodidae,  8. 


182 


INDEX. 


Dasypodinae,  8. 
Dasyprocta,  107. 

punctata  chiapensis,  107. 

punctata  dariensis,   107. 

punctata  yucatanica,  107. 
Dasypus,  8. 

novemcinctus,  8. 

novemcinctus  fenestratus,   8. 

novemcinctus  hoplites,  9. 

novemcinctus  texanus,  9. 
debilis,  Molossus,  161. 
dentaneus,  Metachirus  nudicaudatus,  6. 
devius,  Vulpes  macrotis,  127. 
diazi,  Romerolagus,  112. 
Dicrostonyx,  81. 

hudsonius  grcenlandicus,  81. 
Didelphiidae,  i.  , 

Didelphis,  7. 

marsupialis  insularis,  7. 

philander,  4. 
Didelphys  brachyura,  4. 
dilatus,  Scapanus,  152. 
dimidiatus,  Nectomys,  55. 
Dipodomyinae,  90. 
Dipodomys,  90. 

insularis,  90. 

margaritae,  90. 

merriami  kernensis,  90. 

nelsoni,  91. 

platycephalus,  91. 

spectabilis  cratodon,  92. 
Dirias,  160. 

minor,  160. 

dispar,  Neotoma  fuscipes,  69. 
dispar,  Sorex,  146. 
divergens,  Odobenus,  144. 
divergens,    Odontobaenus,    144. 
divergens,    Trichechus,    144. 
Dolichophyllum,   164. 

macrophyllum,  164. 
domesticus,  Rattus,  41. 
Dysopes  abrasus,  162. 

Echinosciurus,  20. 

Edentata,  8. 

efficax,  Nectomys  alfari,  55. 

elymocetes,  Microtus,  76. 

Emballonuridae,  158. 

endcecus,  Microtus  operarius,  78. 

eogroenlandicus,  Thalarctos,  129. 

Epimys,  41. 

Epinomys,  41. 


Epinomys  alexandrinus,  42. 

norwegicus,  42. 

rattus,  42. 
Eptesicus,  157. 

fuscus  pallidus,  157. 

pallidus,  157. 

eremus,  Peromyscus  maniculatus,  48. 
Erignathus,  144. 

barbatus  nauticus,  144. 
Erophylla,  173. 

santa-cristobalensis,    173. 
escuinapae,  Heteromys  pictus,  101. 
escuinapae,  Liomys  pictus,  101. 
Eumops,  162. 
Euprocyon,  135. 

cancrivorus  panamensis,   135. 
Eutamias,  23. 

amcemus  propinquus,  24. 

atristriatus,  26. 

cinereicollis  cinereus,  26. 

ludibundus,  23. 

merriami  meridionalis,  23. 

minimus  caryi,  27. 

nexus,  24. 

pallidus  cacodemus,  25. 

quadrivittatus  animosus,  27. 
Evotomys,  74. 

dawsoni  insularis,  74. 

gapperi  athabascae,  74. 

limitis,  75. 

phaeus,  74. 

excelsifrons,  Rangifer,   n. 
exiguus,  Sylvilagus  bachmani,  119. 

Felidae,  123. 
Felis,  123. 

albescens,  124, 

arundivaga,  123. 

improcera,  123. 

pardalis  albescens,  124. 

pirrensis,  124. 

fenestratus,  Dasypus  novemcinctus,  8. 
fenisex,  Ochotona,  no. 
fervidus,  Philander  laniger,  5. 
Fiber  zibethicus  cinnamominus,  80. 
figginsi,  Ochotona,   in. 
flavescens,  Ariteus,  172. 
flavescens,  Istiophorus,  172. 
floridanus,  Canis,  126. 
fontinalis,  Sorex,  146. 
fortidens,  Rangifer,  12. 
fortis,  Molossus,  161. 


INDEX. 


183 


frontalis,  Cryptotis,  149. 

frontalis,   Oryzomys,   59. 

fumeus,  Ototylomys,   56. 

fuscatus,  Heteromys,  99. 

fuscipes,  Procyon  lotor,  133. 

fuscogriseus,  Onychomys  leucogaster,  43. 

gaillardi,  Ovis  canadensis,  16. 
gatunensis,  Oryzomys,  60. 
gaumeri,  Marmosa,  3. 
Geomyidag,  81. 
Geomys,  81. 

breviceps  llanensis,  81. 
gigas,  Canis,  125. 
gigas,  Lupus,  125. 
glaucinus,  Dysopes,  162. 
Glossophaga,  166,  167. 

leachii,  167. 

longirostris  rostrata,  166. 

rostrata,  166. 

soricina  leachii,  167. 
Glossophaginae,  166. 
godmani,  Chseronycteris,  1 68. 
goethalsi,  Hoplomys,   105. 
goldmani,  Sigmodon  minimus,  57. 
gracilis,   Cryptotis,   148. 
grenadensis,  Artibeus  planirostris,   169. 
grinnelli,  Scapanus  latimanus,  153. 
grisescens,  Myotis,   1 54. 
griseus,  Reithrodontomys,  64. 
griseus,  Rhithrodontomys,  64. 
griseus,  Sigmodon  hispidus,  56. 
groenlandicus,  Dicrostonyx  hudsonius,  81. 
groenlandicus,  Mus.  81. 
guardia,  Peromyscus,  47. 
guatemalas,  Ototylomys,  56. 
guenon,  Mona,  177. 
Guerlinguetus,  19. 
guerrerensis,  Liomys,  103. 

haitiensis,  Ardops,  171. 
halicoetes,  Reithrodontomys,  64. 
halicoetes,  Rhithrodontomys,  64. 
halicoetes,  Sorex,  147. 
Haplomylomys,  45. 
helveolus,  Sciurus  variegatoides,  21. 
Hemiderma,  166. 

subrufum,  166. 
Hemiderrriinae,  166. 
Hesperomys  leucodactylus,  68. 

leucopus  arcticus,  48. 

leucopus  nebrascensis,  49. 


Hesperomys  sonoriensis  var.  nebrascen- 
sis, 49. 

teguina,  67. 
Heterogeomys,  82. 

lanius,  82. 
Heteromyidae,  90. 
Heteromyinae,  94. 
Heteromys,  98. 

australis  conscius,  100. 

crassirostris,  100. 

fuscatus,  99. 

jaliscensis,  102. 

panamensis,  99. 

pictus  escuinapae,  101. 

temporalis,  99. 

vulcani,  101. 

zonalis,  98. 

hirsutum,  Schizostoma,  170. 
hirsutus,  Artibeus,  170. 
hitchensi,  Sylvilagus  floridanus,   112. 
hollisteri,  Citellus  tridecemlineatus,  28. 
hollisteri,  Peromyscus  maniculatus,  51. 
hoplites,  Dasypus  novemcinctus,  9. 
Hoplomys,  105. 

goethalsi,  105. 

truei,  105. 

howelli,  Scalopus  aquaticus,  151. 
humilis,  Mus,  63. 
humulis,  Mus,  63. 
humulis,  Reithrodontomys,  63. 
humulis,  Rhithrodontomys,  63. 
Hydrochcerus,  109. 

isthmius,  109. 
hydrochcerus,  Sus,  109. 
hylaeus,  Peromyscus,  49. 
Hypudaeus  ochrogaster,  76. 

Icticyon,  127. 

panamensis,  127. 

venaticus,  127. 
Ictidomys,  28. 
idahoensis,  Citellus,  30. 
idoneus,  Melanomys,  62. 
idoneus,  Oryzomys,  62. 
idoneus,  Zygodontomys,  61. 


jaliscensis,  Heteromys,  102. 
jamesi,  Canis,  125. 
jucensis,  Sorex  californicus,  146. 
juglans,  Citellus  variegatus,  33. 
jugularis,  Nyctinomus,   162. 


184 


INDEX. 


kenaiensis,  Ursus  americanus,  128. 
kernensis,  Dipodomys  merriami,  90. 

labradorensis,    Thalarctos,    129. 
laceianus,  Peromyscus  pectoralis,  54. 
Lagomorpha,  no. 
Lagomys  minimus,    no. 
lagunse,  Peromyscus  truei,  54. 
lagunae,  Sorex,  145. 
lanius,  Heterogeomys,  82. 
Lasiopyga,  177,  178. 

callitrichus,  178. 

mona,  177. 
Lasiopygidae,   177. 
Lasiopyginae,  177. 
latidens,  Lutra,  142. 
latimanus,   Scalops,    152. 
latimanus,  Scapanus,  152. 
leachii,  Glossophaga,  167. 
leachii,  Glossophaga  soricina,  167. 
leachii,    Monophyllus,    167. 
lecontei,   Rhithrodontomys,   63. 
lecontii,  Mus,.63. 
Leporidag,   112. 
Lepus,  121. 

alleni  tiburonensis,  121. 

bairdi  cascadensis,    122. 

bennettii,  122. 

calif ornicus    bennettii,    122. 

calif ornicus  magdalenae,  121. 

cunicularius,  114. 

pinetis  robustus,  118. 

verae-crucis,  115. 
lesueuri,  Sorex  personatus,  146. 
letifera,  Mustela  vison,  141. 
leucodactylus,  Hesperomys,  68. 
leucodontus,  Castor  canadensis,  40. 
leucogenys,  Sorex,  145. 
leurodon,  Citellus,  31. 
levis,  Ochotona,  in. 
limitaneus,  Cebus  capucinus,  176. 
limitis,  Evotomys,  75. 
Liomys,  101. 

guerrerensis,  103. 

irroratus  jaliscensis,  102. 

irroratus  pretiosus,  102. 

pictus  escuinapae,   101. 

vulcani,  101. 

littoralis,  Sciurus  socialis,  20. 
littoralis,  Sylvilagus  aquaticus,  119. 
litus,  Perognathus  fasciatus,  94. 
llanensis,  Geomys  breviceps,  81. 


Loncheres,  104. 

armatus,  104. 
Loncherinae,  104. 
Lonchophylla,   167. 

concava,  167. 

mordax,  167. 

robusta,  167. 

longissima,  Cuniculus  cauda,  108. 
loringi,  Thomomys  fuscus,  89. 
louisianae,  Odocoelus  virginianus,  14. 
louisianae,  Odontocoelus  americanus,  14. 
ludibundus,  Eutamias,  23. 
Lupus  gigas,  125. 
luteola,   Marmota  flaviventer,  36. 
luteolus,  Reithrodontomys  rufescens,  66. 
luteolus,  Rhithrodontomys  rufescens,  66. 
luteus,  Peromyscus,  49. 
luteus,  Zapus,   103. 
Lutra,  142. 

latidens,  142. 

periclyzomae,  143. 

repanda,  143. 
Lutreola,  140. 

macrodon,  140. 

vison  antiquus,   140. 
Lutrinae,  142. 
lycaon,  Canis,  125. 

macer,  Cryptotis  pergracilis,   148. 
machrinoides,  Scalopus  aquaticus,  150. 
macrodens,  Phoca  ochotensis,   144. 
macrodon,  Lutreola,  140. 
macrodon,  Mustela,   140. 
Macrogeomys,  83. 

dariensis,  83. 

matagalpae,  83. 
macrophonius,  Mustela,   139. 
macrophonius,  Putorius,   139. 
Macrophyllum,  164. 

neuwiedii,  164. 

macrophyllum,   Dolichophyllum,    164. 
macro phyllum,   Phyllostoma,    164. 
Macro  tolagus,  121. 
macrurus,  Sorex,  146. 
magdalenas,  Lepus  calif  ornicus,  121. 
magdalenae,  Perognathus  spinatus,  98. 
magdalenae,  Peromyscus  maniculatus,  51. 
magdalenae,  Thomomys,  87. 
major,  Vampyrodes,  170. 
mansuetus,   Sylvilagus,    120. 
margaritae,  Dipodomys,  90. 
margaritae,  Peromyscus  maniculatus,  50. 


INDEX. 


185 


mariposae,   Sorex  montereyensis,    147. 
Marmosa,  i. 

cinerea  nicaraguae,  6. 

gaumeri,  3. 

invicta,  3. 

isthmica,  2. 

mayensis,  3. 

ruatanica,  I . 

zeledoni,  2. 
Marmota,  33. 

caligata  cascadensis,  38. 

caligata  nivaria,  38. 

caligata  sheldoni,  38. 

flaviventer  luteola,  36. 

flavi venter  nosophora,  35. 

flaviventer  obscura,  37. 

flaviventer  parvula,   35. 

flaviventer  warreni,  37. 

monax  preblorum,  35. 

monax  rufescens,   34. 

ochracea,  33. 

oxytona,  34. 

sibila,  34. 

vancouverensis,  33. 

vigilis,  33. 
Marsupialia,  i. 

matagalpa,  Sciurus  deppei,  19. 
matagalpas,   Macrogeomys,  83. 
mayensis,    Marmosa,    3. 
Mazama,  14. 

tema  reperticia,  14. 
mearnsi,  Thomomys,   88. 
Megadontomys,    45. 
Melanomys,  61. 

idoneus,  62. 
melanops,  Peramys,  4. 
melanurus,  Peromyscus  megalops,  54. 
Melinas,  136. 

mergens,  Ondatra  zibethica,  80. 
meridionals,  Eutamias  merriami,  23. 
merus,  Cryptotis,  149. 
mesomelas,  Peromyscus  leucopus,  53. 
mesomelas,   Peromyscus  texensis,   53. 
Mesoplodon,  10. 

mirum,  10. 

messorius,  Sylvilagus,  gabbi,  114. 
Metachirus,  6. 

nudicaudatus  dentaneus,  6. 
mewa,   Thomomys,   88. 
mexicanus,   Castor  canadensis,   40. 
michiganensis,  Castor  canadensis,  40. 
microdon,  Spilogale,  138. 


Microlagus,  119. 
micronyx,  Myotis,  156. 
Microsciurus,  22. 

alfari  venustulus,  22. 

isthmius  vivatus,   22. 
Microsorex,  147. 

winnemana,  147. 
Microtinas,  74. 
Microtus,  75. 

admiraltiae,  75. 

austerus,  76. 

coronarius,  78. 

elymocetes,  76. 

intermedius,  79. 

(Lagurus)  curtatus  artemisise,  78. 

(Lagurus)  intermedius,  79. 

miurus,  75. 

miurus  oreas,  76. 

mordax  bernardinus,  77. 

ochrogaster,  76. 

operarius  endcecus,  78. 

oregoni  adocetus,  79. 

provectus,  77. 
Mimon,  164. 

cozumelae,  164. 
minimus,  Lagomys,  no. 
minimus,  Ochotona,  no. 
minor,  Brachyphylla,  168. 
minor,  Dirias,   160. 
minor,  Procyon,  132. 
minor,  Thomomys  bottae,  86. 
minuta,  Vampyressa,  170. 
minutus,   Mormopterus,    162. 
minutus,  Nyctinomus,  162. 
mirum,  Mesoplodon,  10. 
missoulae,   Oreamnos  americanus,    16. 
missoulae,  Oreamnos  montanus,  16. 
miurus,  Microtus,  75. 
modestus,  Reithrodontomys,  63. 
Molossidse,  161. 
Molossops,  162. 

planirostris,  162. 
Molossus,  161. 

calif  ornicus,  162. 

debilis,  161. 

fortis,  161. 

planirostris,  162. 

sinaloae,  161. 

temminckii,  162. 

verrilli,  161. 

mona,    Cercopithecus,  177. 
Mona  guenon,  177. 


186 


INDEX. 


mona,  Lasiopyga,  177. 
mona,  Simia,  177. 
Monophyllus  leachii,    167. 
montanus,  Ovis,  16. 
Mormopterus,  162. 

minutus,  162. 
morroensis,  Perodipus,  93. 
mortigena,  Mustela  cicognanii,  139. 
Muridae,  41. 
Murinae,  41. 
Mus,  41. 

groenlandicus,  81. 

humilis,  63. 

humulis,  63. 

lecontii,  63. 

musculus,  41. 

polionotus,  52. 

rattus,  41. 

sqtramipes,  55. 
musculus,  Mus,  41. 
Mustela,  139. 

arctica  polaris,  139. 

audax,  139. 

campestris,  141. 

cicognanii  mortigena,  139. 

costaricensis,  139. 

(Lutreola)  vulgivaga,  140. 

macrodon,  140. 

macrophonius,  139. 

peninsulas  olivacea,  142. 
Mustela  primulina,  141. 

vison  letifera,  141. 

vison  nesolestes,  140. 

vison  vulgivaga,  140. 
Mustelidae,  136. 
Mustelinae,  138. 
mustelinus,  Reithrodontomys  fulvescens, 

66. 
mustelinus,  Rhithrodontomys  fulvescens, 

66. 
Myotis,  154. 

altifrons,  155. 

baileyi,  154. 

capitaneus,  156. 

carissima,  154. 

grisescens,  154. 

micronyx,  156. 

occultus,  155. 

pernox,  155. 

vivesi,  157. 

winnemana,  156. 

yumanensis,  157. 


nanus,  Artibeus,  169. 
nanus,  Promops,  163. 
naso,  Rhynchiscus,  159. 
naso,  Vespertilio,  158. 
nautica,  Phoca,  144. 
nautica,  Phoca  barbata,  144. 
nauticus,  Erignathus  barbatus,  144. 
nauticus,  Philander  laniger,  5. 
Neacomys,  62. 
pictus,  62. 

nebrascensis,  Hesperomys  leucopus,  49. 
nebrascensis,     Hesperomys    sonoriensis, 

49- 
nebrascensis,   Peromyscus  maniculatus, 

49- 

nebrascensis,  Peromyscus  texensis,  49. 
nebulosus,  Thomomys  talpoides,  85. 
Nectomys,  55. 

alfari  efficax,  55. 

dimidiatus,  55. 
neglectus,     Perognathus    longimembris, 

96. 

neglectus,  Thomomys,  88. 
Nelomys  armatus,    104. 
nelsoni,  Agouti  paca,  108. 
nelsoni,  Cuniculus  paca,  108. 
nelsoni,    Dipodomys,   91. 
nelsoni,  Perognathus  spinatus,  97. 
nelsoni,  Reithrodontomys  fulvescens,  66. 
nelsoni,  Rhithrodontomys  fulvescens,  66. 
nelsoni,  Romerolagus,  112. 
neomexicanus,  Sorex  obscurus,  145. 
neomexicanus,  Sylvilagus  auduboni,  117. 
Neotoma,  68. 

abbreviata,  71. 

albigula  sen,  72. 

albigula  warreni,  72. 

albigula  zacatecae,  72. 

chrysomelas,  73. 

ferruginea  chamula,  71. 

floridana  illinoensis,  69. 

fuscipes  dispar,  69. 

fuscipes  simplex,  68. 

insularis,  73. 

intermedia  perpallida,  70. 

intermedia  pretiosa,  69. 

intermedia  vicina,  70. 

leucodon  zacatecae,  72. 

macrotis  simplex,  68. 
Neotominae,  68. 
nesolestes,  Mustela  vison,   140. 
neuwiedii,  Macrophyllum,  164. 


INDEX. 


187 


nevadensis,  Bassariscus  astutus,   131. 

nexus,  Eutamias,  24. 

nexus,  Tamias,  24. 

nicaraguae,  Conepatus,  136. 

nicaraguae,  Marmosa   cinerea,   6. 

nicaraguae,  Oryzomys,  60. 

nicaraguae,  Philander,  6. 

nichollsi,   Stenoderma,   171. 

nigrescens,  Ochotona,  no. 

nigrescens,  Reithrodontomys  megalotis, 

65. 
nigrescens,  Rhithrodontomys  megalotis, 

65- 

nivaria,  Marmota  caligata,  38. 
Noctilio  albiventer,  160. 
Noctilionidae,  160. 
norwegicus,  Epinomys,  42. 
nosophora,   Marmota  flaviventer,  35. 
novemcinctus,  Dasypus,  8. 
Nyctinomus  jugularis,  162. 

minutus,   162. 

orthotis,  163. 

obesus,  Odontobaenus,  144. 
obesus,  Trichechus,  144. 
obscura,  Marmota  flaviventer,  37. 
obscurus,  Vespertilio,  157. 
occultus,  Myotis,  155. 
occultus,  Perognathus  spinatus,  97. 
occultus,  Scapanus  latimanus,  152. 
Ochotona,  no. 

albatus,  no. 

cinnamomea,  in. 

fenisex,  no. 

figginsi,  in. 

levis,  in. 

minimus,  no. 

nigrescens,  no. 

taylori,  in. 

uinta,  in. 
Ochotonidae,  no. 
ochracea,  Marmota,  33. 
ochraceus,  Oryzomys,  60. 
ochraceus,   Peromyscus  leucopus,   53. 
ochraceus,  Procyon  lotor,  134. 
ochrogaster,  Hypudaeus,  76. 
ochrogaster,  Microtus,  76. 
Octodontidae,  104. 
Odobenus  divergens,  144. 
Odoccelus   virginianus    louisianae,    14. 
Odocoileus  rothschildi  chiriquensis,    13. 
Odontobaenidae,  144. 


Odontobaenus,  144. 

divergens,  144. 

obesus,  144. 
Odontocoelus,  13. 

americanus  louisianae,  14. 

rothschildi  chiriquensis,  13. 
olivacea,  Mustela  peninsulas,  142. 
olivaceus,  Blarina,  149. 
olivaceus,  Cryptotis,   149. 
Ondatra,  79,  80. 

zibethica  cinnamomina,  80. 

zibethica  mergens,  80. 

zibethica  zalophus,  79. 
Onychomys,  42. 

leucogaster  breviauritus,  43. 

leucogaster  capitulatus,  42. 

leucogaster  fuscogriseus,  43. 

torridus  clarus,  42. 
Oreamnos,  16. 

americanus  americanus,  16. 

americanus  columbiae,  16. 

americanus  missoulae,  16. 

montanus  columbianus,  16. 

montanus  missoulae,   16. 
oreas,  Microtus  miurus,  76. 
orinomus,  Bassaricyon  gabbi,  131. 
Orthogeomys,  82. 

cuniculus,  82. 
orthotis,  Nyctinomus,  163. 
Oryzomys,  58. 

alfari  incertus,  58. 

bombycinus,  58. 

carrikeri,  59. 

frontalis,  59. 

gatunensis,  60. 

idoneus,  62. 

nicaraguae,  60. 

ochraceus,  60. 

phaeopus,  61. 

pirrensis,  58. 

richardsoni,  61. 

spinosus,  62. 

osgoodi,  Peromyscus  maniculatus,  49. 
Otospermophilus,  33. 
Ototylomys,  56. 

fumeus,  56. 

guatemalae,  56. 
Ovis,  1 6. 

calif  ornianus,  16. 

canadensis  gaillardi,   16. 

canadensis  texianus,  17. 

cervina  calif orniana,  16. 


188 


INDEX. 


Ovis  cervina  sierrae,  17. 

cervina  texana,  17. 

cowani,  18. 

montanus,  16. 
oxytona,  Marmota,  34. 

paca,  Cuniculus,  108. 

panamensis,  Chironectes,  i. 

panamensis,  Heteromys,  99. 

panamensis,  Icticyon,  127. 

panamensis,   Ursus  cancrivorus,    135. 

pallidus,   Eptesicus,    157. 

pallidus,  Eptesicus  fuscus,   157. 

palmarius,  Bassariscus  astutus,  130. 

pan,  Ateles,  175. 

pan,  Ateleus,  175. 

parnelli,  Chilonycteris,  163. 

parnellii,  Phyllodia,  163. 

parvula,  Marmota   flaviventer,  35. 

parvus,  Sorex,  148. 

Pecari,  n. 

peninsularis,  Antilocapra  americana,  15. 

peninsularis,  Perodipus  simulans,  93. 

Peramys,  4. 

melanops,  4. 
periclyzomae,  Lutra,  143. 
perniger,  Perognathus  flavescens,  94. 
perniger,  Ursus  americanus,  128. 
pernox,  Myotis,  155. 
Perodipus,  92,  93. 

morroensis,  93. 

perplexus,  92. 

simulans  peninsularis,  93. 

stephensi,  93. 
Perognathus,  94. 

baileyi  insularis,  96. 

bombycinus,  95. 

fasciatus  litus,  94. 

flavescens  copei,  95. 

flavescens  perniger,  94. 

longimembris  neglectus,  96. 

penicillatus   ammophilus,   96. 

penicillatus  seri,  97. 

penicillatus  siccus,  97. 

spinatus  magdalenae,  98. 

spinatus  nelsoni,  97. 

spinatus  occultus,  97. 

xanthonotus,  96. 
Peromyscus,  44. 

eremicus  avius,  45. 

eremicus  carmeni,  46. 

.eremicus  insulicola,  45. 


Peromyscus  eremicus   polypolius,   46 

guardia,  47. 

leucopus  aridulus,  53. 

leucopus  mesomelas,    53. 

leucopus  ochraceus,  53. 

luteus,  49. 

maniculatus  algidus,   50. 

maniculatus  argentatus,  48. 

maniculatus  borealis,  48. 

maniculatus  dementis,    51. 

maniculatus  eremus,   48. 

maniculatus  hollisteri,  51. 

maniculatus  hylaeus,   49. 

maniculatus  magdalenae,  51. 

maniculatus  margaritae,  50. 

maniculatus  nebrascensis,  49. 

maniculatus  osgoodi,  49. 

megalops  melanurus,  54. 

pectoralis  laceianus,  54. 

pirrensis,  45. 

polionotus,  52. 

polionotus  albifrons,  52. 

stephani,  47. 

subgriseus  arenarius,  52. 

subgriseus  baliolus,  52. 

taylori  analogus,  44. 

taylori  subater,  44. 

texanus  dementis,   51. 

texensis  arcticus,  48. 

texensis  mesomelas,  53. 

texensis  nebrascensis,  49. 

truei  lagunse,  54. 
Peropteryx,  160. 

canina  phaea,  160. 

perpallida,   Neotoma  intermedia,   70. 
perplexus,  Perodipus,  92. 
pessimus,  Citellus  mollis,  32. 
phaea,  Peropteryx  canina,  160. 
phaeopus,  Oryzomys,  61. 
phaeus,  Castor  canadensis,  39. 
phaeus,  Evotomys,  74. 
Philander,  4. 

centralis,  4. 

laniger  aztecus,  5. 

laniger  fervidus,  5. 

laniger  nauticus,  5. 

nicaraguae,  6. 
philander,  Didelphis,  4. 
Phoca,  144. 

barbata  nautica,  144. 

nautica,  144. 

ochotensis  macrodens,   144. 


INDEX. 


189 


Phocidae,  144. 
Phocinae,  144. 
Phyllodia  parnelli,  163. 
Phyllonycterinae,  173. 
Phyllonycteris  bombifrons,  173. 

santa-cristobalensis,  173. 
Phyllostoma,  165. 

bennetii,  164. 

macrophyllum,   164. 

pusillum,  170. 

verrucossum,  165. 
Phyllostomidae,  163. 
Phyllostominae,   163. 
Physeteridae,  10. 
pictus,  Neacomys,  62. 
pirrensis,  Felis,  124. 
pirrensis,  Oryzomys,  58. 
pirrensis,  Peromyscus,  45. 
pita,  Mazama,   14. 
Pizonyx,   157. 

planirostris,  Molossops,   162. 
platycephalus,  Dipodomys,  91. 
polaris,  Mustela  arctica,  139. 
polaris,  Putorius,  139. 
polionotus,  Mus,  52. 
polionotus,  Peromyscus,  52. 
polypolius,  Peromyscus  eremicus,  46. 
Potos,  136. 

flavus  isthmicus,   136. 
praeceps,  Artibeus 'jamaicensis,  169. 
preblorum,  Marmota  monax,  35. 
pretiosa,  Neotoma  intermedia,  69. 
pretiosus,  Liomys  irroratus,  102. 
Primates,  174. 
primulina,   Mustela,   141. 
priscus,  Rhynchiscus  naso,    159. 
Procyon,  132. 

lotor  calif ornicus,  134. 

lotor  crassidens,  133. 

lotor  fuscipes,  133. 

lotor  ochraceus,    134. 

minor,  132. 

pumilus,  132. 
Procygnidae,  130. 
Procyoninae,  130. 
Proechimys,  104. 

rubellus,  104. 
Promops  nanus,  163. 
propinquus,  Eutamias  amoenus,  24. 
provectus,  Microtus,  77. 
pryori,  Thomomys,  85. 
pugnax,  Ursus  americanus,   129. 


pulcher,   Scalopus  aquaticus,   150. 
pumilus,  Procyon,  132. 
pusillum,  Phyllostoma,  170. 
Putorius  arcticus  polaris,  139. 

audax,  139. 

macrophonius,   139, 
putorius,  Viverra,  137. 

Rangifer,  n. 

caribou  sylvestris,  12. 

excelsifrons,  u. 

fortidens,   12. 
raptor,  Rheomys,  56. 
Rattus,  41. 

domesticus,  41. 
rattus,  Epinomys,  42. 
rattus,  Mus,  41. 

raviventris,  Reithrodontomys,  64. 
raviventris,  Rhithrodontomys,  64, 
Reithrodontomys  alleni,  67. 

amoles,  65. 

australis  modestus,  63. 

fulvescens  chiapehsis,  66. 

fulvescens  mustelinus,  66. 

fulvescens  nelsoni,  66. 

griseus,  64. 

haliccetes,  64. 

humulis,  63. 

megalotis  nigrescens,  65. 

modestus,  63. 

raviventris,  64. 

rufescens  luteolus,   66. 
relictus,  Capromys  pilorides,   106. 
repanda,  Lutra,  143. 
reperticia,  Mazama  tema,  14. 
restrictus,   Sylvilagus  floridanus,   113- 
Rheomys,  55. 

raptor,  56. 

underwoodi,  55. 
Rhipidomys,  68. 

scandens,  68. 
Rhithrodontomys,  63, 

alleni,  67. 

amcenus,  65. 

amoles,  65. 

australis  modestus,  63. 

fulvescens  chiapensis,  66v 

fulvescens  mustelinus,  66.- 

fulvescens  nelsoni,  66. 

griseus,  64. 

haliccetes,  64. 

humulis,  63. 


190 


INDEX. 


Rhithrodontomys  lecontei,  63. 

megalotis  nigrescens,  65. 

raviventris,  64. 

rufescens  luteolus,  66. 
Rhogeessa  alleni,  158. 
Rhynchiscus,  158. 

naso,  159. 

naso  priscus,   159. 
Rhynchonycteris,   158. 
richardsoni,  Artibeus  jamaicensis,    168. 
richardsoni,    Bassaricyon,    131. 
richardsoni,   Oryzomys,  61. 
ringens,  Spilogale,  137. 
robusta,  Lonchophylla,  167. 
robustus,  Lepus  pinetis,  118. 
robustus,  Sylvilagus,  118. 
Rodentia,  19. 
Romerolagus,   112. 

diazi,  112. 

nelsoni,  112. 

rostra ta,  Glossophaga  longirostris,   166. 
rostrata,  Glossophaga,  166. 
ruatanica,  Marmosa,  I. 
rubellus,  Proechimys,  104. 
rufescens,  Marmota  monax,  34. 
rufus,  Cervus,  14. 
Rupicaprinae,  16. 
russeolus,  Thomomys  bottae,  85. 

sabaeus,  Cercopithecus,  178. 
sabaeus,  Simia,  178. 
Saccopteryx,  158. 

bilineata  centralis,  158. 
Saimiri,  176. 

oerstedi  citrinellus,  176. 
santa-cristobalensis,    Erophylla,    173. 
santa-cristobalensis,  Phyllonycteris,  173. 
saturatus,  Thomomys  fuscus,  89. 
Scalopinae,  150. 
Scalops  calif ornicus,   152. 

latimanus,  152. 
Scalopus,    150. 

aquaticus  caryi,  150. 

aquaticus  howelli,  151. 

aquaticus  machrinoides,    150. 

aquaticus  pulcher,  150. 
scandens,  Rhipidomys,  68. 
.Scapanus,  152. 

calif  ornicus,  152. 

dilatus,  152. 

latimanus  grinnelli,    153. 

Jatimanus  occultus,  152. 


Scapanus  latimanus  sericatus,   152 

townsendi,   152. 
Schizostoma  hirsutum,  163. 
schwenki,  Ursus  arctos,  129. 
Sciuridae,  19. 
Sciurinae,  19. 
Sciurus,  19. 

alfari,  22. 

boothiae  annalium,  21. 

deppei  matagalpa,    19. 

poliopus  tepicanus,  20. 

socialis  littoralis,  20. 

striatus  asiaticus,  23. 

variabilis  choco,   19. 

variegatoides   helveolus,    2 1 . 
Scotinomys,  67. 

irazu,  68. 

teguina,  67. 

xerampelinus,  68. 

sequoiensis,  Urocyon  calif  ornicus,  127. 
sericatus,  Scapanus  latimanus,  152. 
sen,  Neotoma  albigula,  72. 
sen,  Perognathus  penicillatus,  97. 
sheldoni,  Marmota  caligata,  38. 
sheldoni,  Ursus,  128. 
shirasi,  Alces  americanus,  13. 
sibila,  Marmota,  34. 
siccus,    Perognathus   penicillatus,    97. 
sierras,  Ovis  cervina,  17. 
Sigmodon,  56-58. 

hispidus  griseus,  56. 

minimus  goldmani,  57. 

vulcani,  57. 
Simia  mona,  177. 

sabaeus,  178. 

similis,    Sylvilagus   floridanus,    113. 
simplex,  Neotoma  fuscipes,  68. 
sinaloae,   Molossus,    161. 
sinuosus,  Sorex,  147. 
Sitomys   niveiventris   subgriseus,    52. 
Sorex,  145. 

calif  ornicus  jucensis,  146. 

cinereus,  148. 

dispar,  146.  « 

fontinalis,  146. 

haliccetes,  147. 

lagunae,  145. 

leucogenys,  145. 

macrurus,  146. 

montereyensis  mariposae,  147. 

obscurus  neomexicanus,    145. 

parvus,  148. 


INDEX. 


191 


Sorex  personatus  lesueuri,  146. 

sinuosus,  147. 

talpoides,  148. 
Soricidae,  145. 
Spilogale,  137,  138. 

angustifrons,  137. 

microdon,  138. 

ringens,  137. 
spinosus,  Oryzomys,  62. 
spiradens,  Tayassu  albirostris,  n. 
squamipes,  Mus,  55. 
Stenoderma  achradophilum,    1 72. 

nichollsi,   171. 
Stenoderminae,   168. 
stephani,  Peromyscus,  47. 
Stephens!,  Perodipus,  93. 
subater,  Peromyscus  taylori,  44. 
subauratus,  Castor,  39. 
subgriseus,  Sitomys  niveiventris,  52. 
subrufum,  Hemi derma,   166. 
Sus  hydrochoerus,   109. 

torquatus,  n. 

sylvestris,  Rangifer  caribou,  12. 
Sylvilagus,  112. 

aquaticus  littoralis,    119. 

auduboni  cedrophilus,   116. 

auduboni  neomexicanus,   117. 

auduboni   vallicola,    115. 

auduboni  warreni,    117. 

bachmani  exiguus,  119. 

cognatus,  115. 

cunicularius,  114. 

floridanus  hitchen^i,   112. 

floridanus  restrictus,  113. 

floridanus  similis,    113. 

gabbi  messorius,   114. 

mansuetus,   120. 

robustus,  1 1 8. 
Synaptomys,  81. 

borealis,  81. 

(Mictomys)  bullatus,  81. 

Tagassuidae,  1 1 . 

Talpidae,  150. 

talpoides,  Blarina  brevicauda,  148. 

talpoides,  Sorex,   148. 

Tamias  nexus,  24. 

Tapeti,  119. 

tarandus,  Cervus,  12. 

Tatu  novemcinctum  texanum,  9. 

Tayassu  albirostris  spiradens,  II. 

taylori,    Ochotona,    ill. 


Tayra,  138. 

barbara  inserta,  138. 
teguina,  Hesperomys,  67. 
teguina,  Scotinomys,  67. 
telmalestes,  Conepatus  mesoleucus,  137. 
temminckii,  Molossus,   162. 
temporalis,  Heteromys,  99. 
tepicanus,  Sciurus  poliopus,  20. 
tescorum,  Citellus  lateralis,  29. 
texana,  Ovis  cervina,  17. 
texanum,  Tatu  novemcinctum,  9. 
texanus,  Dasypus  novemcinctus,  9. 
texensis,  Canis  nebrascensis,   126. 
texensis,  Castor  canadensis,  39. 
texianus,  Ovis  canadensis,  17. 
Thalarctos,  129. 

eogrcenlandicus,  129. 

labradorensis,  129. 

maritimus  ungavensis,   129. 
Thomomys,  84. 

albatus,  84. 

alpinus  awahnee,  86. 

apache,  86. 

bottae  minor,  86. 

bottae  russeolus,  85. 

canus,  87. 

chrysonotus,  87. 

fuscus  loringi,  89. 

fuscus  saturatus,  89. 

magdalenae,  87. 

mearnsi,  88. 

mewa,  88. 

neglectus,  88. 

nevadensis  atrogriseus,  89. 

pryori,  85. 

talpoides  agrestis,  84. 

talpoides  bullatus,  84. 

talpoides  caryi,  84. 

talpoides  nebulosus,  85. 
tiburonensis,  Lepus  alleni,  121. 
torquatus,  Sus,   1 1 . 
townsendi,  Scapanus,  152. 
trepidus,  Callospermophilus,  29. 
trepidus,  Citellus,  29. 
Trichechus  divergens,  144. 

obesus,  144. 

trichurus,   Conepatus  tropicalis,    137. 
tricolor,  Ateles,  175. 
tricolor,  Ateleus,  175. 
truei,  Hoplomys,  105. 
tundrarum,  Canis,  125. 
turpis,  Artibeus,   169. 


192 


INDEX. 


uinta,  Ochotona,  in. 

underwoodi,  Rheomys,  55. 

ungavensis,  Thalarctos  maritimus,    129. 

Ungulata,  u. 

Urocyon,  127. 

calif ornicus  sequoiensis,  127. 
Ursidas,  128. 
Ursinae,  128. 
Ursus,  128. 

alexandrae,  129. 

americanus  kenaiensis,  128. 

americanus  perniger,  128. 

americanus  pugnax,  128. 

arctos  schwenki,  129. 

cancrivorus,  135. 

sheldoni,  128. 

vallicola,  Sylvilagus  auduboni,  115. 
Vampyressa,  170. 

minuta,  170. 
Vampyrodes,  170. 

caracciolae,  170. 

major,  170. 

Vampyrus  auritus,  165. 
vancouverensis,   Marmota,  33. 
venaticus,  Icticyon,  127. 
ventriosus,  Zygodontomys  cherriei,  63. 
venustulus,  Microsciurus  alfari,  22. 
verae-crucis,    Lepus,    115. 
verrilli,  Molossus,  161. 
verrucossum,  Phyllostoma,  165. 
Vespertilio  naso,   158. 

obscurus,  157. 

yumanensis,  157. 
Vespertilionidae,  1 54. 
Vespertilioninae,  154. 
vicina,  Neotoma  intermedia,  70. 
vigilis,  Citellus  canus,  31. 
vigilis,   Marmota,  33. 
vivatus,  Microsciurus  isthmius,  22. 


Viverra  putorius,  137. 
vivesi,  Myotis,  157. 
vulcani,  Heteromys,  101. 
vulcani,  Liomys,   101. 
vulcani,  Sigmodon,  57. 
vulgivaga,   Mustela,   140. 
vulgivaga,  Mustela  vison,  140. 
Vulpes,  127. 

macrotis  devius,  127. 

warreni,  Marmota  flaviventer,  37. 
warreni,  Neotoma  albigula,   72. 
warreni,  Sylvilagus  auduboni,  117. 
washoensis,   Citellus  mollis,  32. 
winnemana,   Microsorex,    147. 
winnemana,  Myotis,  156. 

xanthonotus,  Perognathus,  96. 
Xenostenes,  163. 
xerampelinus,  Akodon,  68. 
xerampelinus,  Scotinomys,  68. 

yucatanica,  Dasyprocta  punctata,   107. 
yumanensis,  Myotis,  157. 
yumanensis.   Vespertilio,   157. 

zacatecae,  Neotoma  albigula,  72. 
zacatecas,  Neotoma  leucodon,  72. 
zalophus,  Ondatra  zibethica,  79. 
Zapodidae,  103. 
Zapodinae,  103. 
Zapus,  103,  104. 

luteus,  103. 

luteus  australis,  104. 
zeledoni,  Marmosa,  2. 
zonalis,  Aotus,  174. 
zonalis,  Heteromys,  98. 
Zygodontomys,  61,  63. 

cherriei  ventriosus,  63. 

chrysomelas,  61. 


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